2019-08-08 08:31:16 +00:00
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# [138. Copy List with Random Pointer](https://leetcode.com/problems/copy-list-with-random-pointer/)
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# 思路
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题目要求深拷贝一个链表,难点就在于如何处理随机指针的问题。
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## 思路一
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可以先不管random指针,遍历一遍链表并进行拷贝,同时用一个HashMap记录节点与其副本的隐射关系。第二次遍历再处理random指针。
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## 思路二
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2020-02-07 03:36:14 +00:00
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也可以采用DFS的思路进行递归拷贝,这样就和[133. Clone Graph](https://leetcode.com/problems/clone-graph/)拷贝图中的DFS解法很类似了。
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2019-08-08 08:31:16 +00:00
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2020-02-07 03:36:14 +00:00
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## 思路三*
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2019-08-08 08:31:16 +00:00
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前两种方法都需要开辟一个HashMap,如果不允许额外开辟空间呢?
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2020-02-07 03:36:14 +00:00
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我们开辟HashMap的目的是在处理副本节点的random指针时能够快速定位原节点random指向的节点的副本节点,即原节点到副本节点的映射。那如果我们一开始复制节点的时候将副本节点插入到原节点后面不就实现了原节点到副本节点的映射了吗。
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我们可以遍历一遍链表,然后将每个节点后紧接上其对应副本节点(同样是先不管副本节点的random指针),遍历完成后即变成
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2019-08-08 08:31:16 +00:00
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```
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原链表(省略random,下同):
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1 -> 2 -> 3.
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将每个节点后接上其对应副本节点:
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1 -> 1' -> 2 -> 2' -> 3 -> 3'.
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```
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2020-02-07 03:36:14 +00:00
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然后再遍历一遍处理副本节点的random指针,最后将新的链表拆成新旧两个部分即可。即一共有三个步骤:
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1. 复制节点并紧接在源节点后面;
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2. 处理random指针
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3. 拆分成两个链表
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这样就不用开辟额外的空间了,完美。
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2019-08-08 08:31:16 +00:00
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# C++
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## 思路一
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``` C++
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class Solution {
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public:
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Node* copyRandomList(Node* head) {
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if(!head) return NULL;
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unordered_map<Node*, Node*>mp;
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Node *head_cp = new Node(head -> val);
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mp[head] = head_cp;
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Node *p1 = head_cp, *p2 = head -> next;
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while(p2){
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p1 -> next = new Node(p2 -> val);
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mp[p2] = p1 -> next;
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p1 = p1 -> next; p2 = p2 -> next;
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}
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p1 -> next = NULL;
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p1 = head_cp; p2 = head;
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while(p2){
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p1 -> random = mp[p2 -> random];
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p1 = p1 -> next; p2 = p2 -> next;
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}
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return head_cp;
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}
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};
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```
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## 思路二
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``` C++
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class Solution {
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private:
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Node* DFS(Node *node, unordered_map<Node*, Node *>&mp){
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if(!node) return NULL;
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if(mp.count(node)) return mp[node];
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else{
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Node *node_cp = new Node(node -> val);
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mp[node] = node_cp;
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node_cp -> next = DFS(node -> next, mp);
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node_cp -> random = DFS(node -> random, mp);
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return node_cp;
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}
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}
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public:
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Node* copyRandomList(Node* head) {
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if(!head) return NULL;
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unordered_map<Node*, Node*>mp;
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return DFS(head, mp);
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}
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};
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```
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2020-02-07 03:36:14 +00:00
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## 思路三*
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``` C++
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class Solution {
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public:
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Node* copyRandomList(Node* head) {
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if (!head) return NULL;
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Node *cur = head;
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// 1.复制节点并紧接在源节点后面
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while (cur) {
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Node *t = new Node(cur->val, NULL, NULL);
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t->next = cur->next;
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cur->next = t;
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cur = t->next;
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}
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// 2. 处理random指针
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cur = head;
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while (cur) {
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if (cur->random) cur->next->random = cur->random->next;
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cur = cur->next->next;
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}
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// 3. 拆分成两个链表
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cur = head;
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Node *res = head->next;
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while (cur) {
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Node *t = cur->next;
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cur->next = t->next;
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if (t->next) t->next = t->next->next;
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cur = cur->next;
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}
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return res;
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}
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};
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```
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