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131 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
131 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
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# [23. Merge k Sorted Lists](https://leetcode.com/problems/merge-k-sorted-lists/)
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# 思路
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将k个排好序的链表合并成一个大的有序链表。
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## 思路一
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最好想的就是维护一个堆(priority_queue)或者红黑树(multiset或者multimap)的数据结构。首先把k个链表的首元素都加入其中,然后每次取出最小的那个元素加入最终结果的链表中,然后把取出元素所在链表的下一个元素再加入结构中,以此类推,直到结构中没有元素了。
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设所有元素个数为N,时间复杂度O(Nlogk),空间复杂度O(k)
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## 思路二
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另一个思路就是外排序,即k路归并排序的思想,如下图所示
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<div align=center>
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<img width="400" src="img/23.png" alt="image_name"/>
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</div>
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由于每次归并时间复杂度是线性的,所以每一轮归并时间均为O(N),而需要 logk 轮归并,所以时间复杂度O(Nlogk)。
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空间复杂度O(1)
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# C++
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## 思路一、使用priority_queue
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**注意学习如何自定义compare类**
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``` C++
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// 默认为最大堆, 所以需要自定义compare类使成为最小堆
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struct compare {
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bool operator()(const ListNode* p1, const ListNode* p2) {
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return p1 -> val > p2 -> val;
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}
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};
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class Solution {
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public:
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ListNode* mergeKLists(vector<ListNode*>& lists) {
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priority_queue<ListNode*, vector<ListNode*>, compare>min_heap;
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for(int i = 0; i < lists.size(); i++)
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if(lists[i]) min_heap.push(lists[i]);
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if(min_heap.empty()) return NULL;
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ListNode *head = min_heap.top(), *p = head;
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min_heap.pop();
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if(p -> next) min_heap.push(p -> next);
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while(!min_heap.empty()){
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p -> next = min_heap.top(); min_heap.pop();
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p = p -> next;
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if(p -> next) min_heap.push(p -> next);
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}
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return head;
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}
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};
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```
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## 思路一、使用multimap
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**注意multimap插入时需传入一个{key, value}的pair**
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``` C++
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class Solution {
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public:
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ListNode* mergeKLists(vector<ListNode*>& lists) {
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multimap<int, ListNode*>mp;
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for(int i = 0; i < lists.size(); i++)
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if(lists[i]) mp.insert({lists[i] -> val, lists[i]});
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if(mp.empty()) return NULL;
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ListNode *head = mp.begin() -> second, *p = head;
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mp.erase(mp.begin());
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if(p -> next) mp.insert({p -> next -> val, p -> next});
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while(!mp.empty()){
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p -> next = mp.begin() -> second;
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mp.erase(mp.begin());
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p = p -> next;
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if(p -> next) mp.insert({p -> next-> val, p -> next});
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}
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return head;
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}
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};
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```
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## 思路二
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``` C++
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class Solution {
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private:
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ListNode* mergeTwoLists(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) {
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/*copy from 21. Merge Two Sorted Lists */
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ListNode *res = new ListNode(0);
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ListNode *pre = res;
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while(l1 && l2){
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if(l1 -> val <= l2 -> val){
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pre -> next = l1;
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l1 = l1 -> next;
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}
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else{
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pre -> next = l2;
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l2 = l2 -> next;
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}
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pre = pre -> next;
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}
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if(l1) pre -> next = l1;
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else pre -> next = l2;
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ListNode *head = res;
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res = head -> next;
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head -> next = NULL;
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delete head;
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return res;
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}
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public:
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ListNode* mergeKLists(vector<ListNode*>& lists) {
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int n = lists.size();
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if(!n) return NULL;
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int interval = 1;
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while(interval < n){
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for(int i = 0; i < n - interval; i += (2 * interval))
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lists[i] = mergeTwoLists(lists[i], lists[i+interval]);
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interval*=2;
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}
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return lists[0];
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}
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};
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```
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