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122 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
122 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
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# [85. Maximal Rectangle](https://leetcode.com/problems/maximal-rectangle/)
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# 思路
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## 思路一
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对于二维矩阵的第 i 行,这一行及上面的部分可以看成是一个直方图,而在直方图里求最大矩形即[84. Largest Rectangle in Histogram](https://leetcode.com/problems/largest-rectangle-in-histogram/),我们可以用单调栈在线性复杂度内求解84题,详见[84题解](84.%20Largest%20Rectangle%20in%20Histogram.md)。
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所以对于此题,我们只需要开辟一个表示直方图的一维数组`heights`,然后对于每一行,建立直方图,然后再用84题思路(代码中采用的是[84题解思路二](84.%20Largest%20Rectangle%20in%20Histogram.md))进行求解。我们可以根据上一行的直方图`heights`在线性时间复杂度内建立当前行的直方图`heights`:
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* 如果`matrix[i][j] == '0'`,则`heights[j] = 0`;
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* 否则,`heights[j] += 1`;
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时间复杂度O(MN),空间复杂度O(N);其中M和N分别为高和宽。
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## 思路二
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对于每个点,我们会通过以下步骤计算出一个矩形:
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* 不断向上方遍历,直到遇到“0”,以此找到矩形的高度。
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* 向左右两边扩展,直到无法容纳这个高度。
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例如,找到黄色点对应的矩形([图片来源](https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/maximal-rectangle/solution/zui-da-ju-xing-by-leetcode/)):
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<div align=center>
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<img width="500" src="img/85.png" alt="85img"/>
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</div>
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如果知道了高height和左右边界left、right,这样就可以计算出面积等于`height * (right - left + 1)`。
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求height的方法和思路一是一样的,下面讨论求left和right。
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设第`i-1`行的left和right已经求出来了分别为`old_left`和`old_right`,当前点为`matrix[i][j]`为`"1"`,
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1. 求left
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设`left_zero`为`matrix[i][j]`向左看第一个0的列坐标,那么易知`new_left[j] = max(old_left[j], left_zero + 1)`;
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2. 求right
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类似的,设`right_zero`为`matrix[i][j]`向右看第一个0的列坐标,那么易知`new_right[j] = min(old_right[j], right_zero - 1)`。
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所以我们可以开辟一个一维数组`left`和`right`,然后对于每一行:从左往后更新`left`,从右往左更新`right`(就是动态规划的滚动数组思路)。
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时间复杂度O(MN),空间复杂度O(N);其中M和N分别为高和宽。
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# C++
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## 思路一
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``` C++
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class Solution {
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public:
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int maximalRectangle(vector<vector<char>>& matrix) {
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int m = matrix.size();
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if(!m) return 0;
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int n = matrix[0].size();
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int max_res = 0, res = 0;
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vector<int>heights(n + 1, 0); // 注意大小是n+1, 见84题解
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for(int i = 0; i < m; i++){
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for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){
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if(matrix[i][j] == '0') heights[j] = 0;
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else heights[j] += 1;
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}
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// 下面几行基本就是84题解
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stack<int>ascend_stk; res = 0;
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for(int k = 0; k <= n; k++){
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while(!ascend_stk.empty() && heights[ascend_stk.top()] >= heights[k]){
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int height = heights[ascend_stk.top()]; ascend_stk.pop();
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int width = ascend_stk.empty() ? k : k - 1 - ascend_stk.top();
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res = max(res, height * width);
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}
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ascend_stk.push(k);
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}
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max_res = max(res, max_res);
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}
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return max_res;
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}
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};
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```
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## 思路二
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``` C++
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class Solution {
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public:
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int maximalRectangle(vector<vector<char>>& matrix) {
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int m = matrix.size();
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if(!m) return 0;
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int n = matrix[0].size();
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int res = 0, left_zero, right_zero;
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vector<int>heights(n, 0), left(n, -1), right(n, n);
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for(int i = 0; i < m; i++){
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// 更新高度
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for(int j = 0; j < n; j++)
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if(matrix[i][j] == '0') heights[j] = 0;
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else heights[j] += 1;
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// 更新左边界(可以和上面更新高度合在一个循环内)
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left_zero = -1;
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for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){
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if(matrix[i][j] == '0') {
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left_zero = j;
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left[j] = -1;
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}
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else left[j] = max(left_zero + 1, left[j]);
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}
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// 更新右边界
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right_zero = n;
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for(int j = n-1; j >= 0; j--){ // 逆向循环!!!
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if(matrix[i][j] == '0') {
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right_zero = j;
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right[j] = n;
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}
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else right[j] = min(right_zero - 1, right[j]);
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res = max(res, heights[j] * (right[j] - left[j] + 1));
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}
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}
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return res;
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}
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};
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```
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