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add 301. Remove Invalid Parentheses 🍺
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@ -221,6 +221,7 @@ My LeetCode solutions with Chinese explanation. 我的LeetCode中文题解。
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| 295 |[Find Median from Data Stream](https://leetcode.com/problems/find-median-from-data-stream/)|[C++](solutions/295.%20Find%20Median%20from%20Data%20Stream.md)|Hard| |
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| 297 |[Serialize and Deserialize Binary Tree](https://leetcode.com/problems/serialize-and-deserialize-binary-tree/)|[C++](solutions/297.%20Serialize%20and%20Deserialize%20Binary%20Tree.md)|Hard| |
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| 300 |[Longest Increasing Subsequence](https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-increasing-subsequence/)|[C++](https://github.com/ShusenTang/LeetCode/blob/master/solutions/300.%20Longest%20Increasing%20Subsequence.md)|Medium| |
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| 301 |[Remove Invalid Parentheses](https://leetcode.com/problems/remove-invalid-parentheses/)|[C++](solutions/301.%20Remove%20Invalid%20Parentheses.md)|Hard| |
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| 303 |[Range Sum Query - Immutable](https://leetcode.com/problems/range-sum-query-immutable)|[C++](https://github.com/ShusenTang/LeetCode/blob/master/solutions/303.%20Range%20Sum%20Query%20-%20Immutable.md)|Easy| |
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| 304 |[Range Sum Query 2D - Immutable](https://leetcode.com/problems/range-sum-query-2d-immutable/)|[C++](https://github.com/ShusenTang/LeetCode/blob/master/solutions/304.%20Range%20Sum%20Query%202D%20-%20Immutable.md)|Medium| |
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| 306 |[Additive Number](https://leetcode.com/problems/additive-number/)|[C++](https://github.com/ShusenTang/LeetCode/blob/master/solutions/306.%20Additive%20Number.md)|Medium| |
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131
solutions/301. Remove Invalid Parentheses.md
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131
solutions/301. Remove Invalid Parentheses.md
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# [301. Remove Invalid Parentheses](https://leetcode.com/problems/remove-invalid-parentheses/)
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# 思路
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## 思路一、暴力BFS
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由于要求去掉最少的字符,所以考虑用BFS(不能DFS):把给定字符串入队,然后取出检测其是否合法,若合法就将其存放到结果数组res;不合法的话,对其进行遍历,依次穷举去掉每个括号然后得到一个新串,如果这个字符串之前没有遇到过(所以需要用一个set来记录出现过的字符串),将其入队。
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注意:一旦res不为空,就说明上一轮循环已经找到了合法的串,再进行循环的话会继续去掉更多括号,所以没必要继续循环。
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本方法存在大量重复计算,所以比较耗时。
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## 思路二、DFS
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注意到要求去掉最少的字符,所以返回的所有字符串的长度都是固定的(而且分别删除多少左右括号也是固定的)。而且我们可以提前把这个长度算出来,这样就可以使用DFS了。
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为此,我们首先先统计多余的括号的数量,用left表示多余的左括号,right表示多余的右括号,一次遍历就可算出left和right,例
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```
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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( ) ) ) ( ( ( )
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i = 0, left = 1, right = 0
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i = 1, left = 0, right = 0
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i = 2, left = 0, right = 1
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i = 3, left = 0, right = 2
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i = 4, left = 1, right = 2
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i = 5, left = 2, right = 2
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i = 6, left = 3, right = 2
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i = 7, left = 2, right = 2
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```
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上例有两个多余的左括号,两个多余的右括号。
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然后我们就可以使用DFS:
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* 当`left == 0 && right == 0`时,判断是否合法,若合法则存入结果数组res中;
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* 否则,需要进行递归。遍历当前字符串,如果当前字符为左括号且`left > 0`,那么表示可以删掉这个左括号,然后递归调用;右括号同理。
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注意为了避免重复计算,我们用变量start表示当前递归开始的位置,遍历时只需从start开始就可以了而不需要每次都从头开始。而且,对于相邻的相同括号,只需要删除第一个,比如 "())",这里有两个右括号,不管删第一个还是删第二个右括号都会得到 "()",没有区别,所以只用算一次就行了。
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相比于思路一,本思路避免了很多重复计算,因此高效很多。
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# C++
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## 思路一
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``` C++
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class Solution {
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private:
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bool valid(const string &s){ // 判断字符串是否合法
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int cnt = 0;
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for(int i = 0; i < s.size(); i++){
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if(s[i] == '(') cnt++;
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else if(s[i] == ')' && (--cnt < 0)) return false;
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}
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return cnt == 0;
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}
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public:
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vector<string> removeInvalidParentheses(string s) {
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vector<string>res;
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queue<string>q; q.push(s);
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unordered_set<string>visited; visited.insert(s);
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while(!q.empty()){
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string ss = q.front(); q.pop();
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if(valid(ss)) res.push_back(ss);
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else{
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if(!res.empty()) continue; // 在上一轮已经找到了最长的合法串, 接下来的肯定要短些
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// 穷举:删除每个括号
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for(int i = 0; i < ss.size(); i++){
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if(ss[i] != '(' && ss[i] != ')') continue;
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if(i > 0 && ss[i] == ss[i-1]) continue;
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string subs = ss.substr(0, i) + ss.substr(i+1);
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if(visited.find(subs) == visited.end()) {
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q.push(subs);
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visited.insert(subs);
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}
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}
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}
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}
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return res;
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}
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};
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```
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## 思路二
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``` C++
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class Solution {
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private:
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bool valid(const string &s){
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int cnt = 0;
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for(int i = 0; i < s.size(); i++){
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if(s[i] == '(') cnt++;
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else if(s[i] == ')' && (--cnt < 0)) return false;
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}
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return cnt == 0;
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}
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void DFS(string s, int left, int right, int start, vector<string> &res){
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if(!left && !right){
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if(valid(s)) res.push_back(s);
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return;
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}
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for(int i = start; i < s.size(); i++){
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if(i > start && s[i] == s[i-1]) continue; // 去重
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if(left > 0 && s[i] == '(')
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DFS(s.substr(0, i) + s.substr(i+1), left-1, right, i, res);
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else if(right > 0 && s[i] == ')')
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DFS(s.substr(0, i) + s.substr(i+1), left, right-1, i, res);
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}
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}
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public:
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vector<string> removeInvalidParentheses(string s) {
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vector<string> res;
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int left = 0, right = 0;
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for(int i = 0; i < s.size(); i++){
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if(s[i] == '(') left++;
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else if(s[i] == ')'){
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if(left > 0) left--;
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else right++;
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}
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}
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DFS(s, left, right, 0, res);
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return res;
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}
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};
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```
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