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Create 148. Sort List.md
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# [148. Sort List](https://leetcode.com/problems/sort-list/)
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# 思路
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常见排序方法有插入排序,选择排序,堆排序,快速排序,冒泡排序,归并排序,桶排序等等。
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但是时间复杂度为O(nlgn)只有快速排序,归并排序,堆排序, 而根据单链表的特点,最适于用归并排序(因为没法按索引访问元素所以快排不行, 而堆排序需要建堆空间不满足)。
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## 思路一 归并排序递归版
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归并排序的基本思想就是用递归:
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核心其实是分治法 Divide and Conquer,就是将链表从中间断开分成两部分,左右两边再分别调用排序的递归函数sortList,得到各自有序的链表后,再进行merge,
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当拆到链表只有一个结点时,无法继续拆分了,而此时只包含一个结点的链表一定是有序的(即递归出口). 我们可以用快慢指针法找到链表的中点.
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## 思路二 自底向上归并排序(非递归)
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思路一由于使用了递归, 所以严格来讲空间复杂度是不满足要求的. 思路一是采用的自顶向下递归进行的, 而如果我们采用自底向上进行归并排序的话就不需要递归调用了.
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整个流程是: 初始时把每个节点当做一个有序链表, 然后两两进行归并, 这样每两个节点就是有序的; 然后再将两个包含两个节点的有序子链表进行归并, 这样每四个就是有序的,
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这样一直迭代下去直到整个链表都是有序的.
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# C++
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## 思路一
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``` C++
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class Solution {
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private:
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ListNode* merge(ListNode* p1, ListNode* p2){
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ListNode* head = new ListNode(-1);
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// head -> next = NULL;
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ListNode *p = head;
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while(p1 && p2){
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if(p1 -> val <= p2 -> val){
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p -> next = p1;
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p1 = p1 -> next;
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}
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else{
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p -> next = p2;
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p2 = p2 -> next;
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}
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p = p -> next;
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}
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p -> next = NULL;
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if(p1) p -> next = p1;
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else if(p2) p -> next = p2;
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return head -> next;
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}
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public:
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ListNode* sortList(ListNode* head) {
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if(head == NULL || head -> next == NULL) return head;
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ListNode *fast = head, *slow = head, *pre_slow;
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while(fast && fast -> next){
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fast = fast -> next -> next;
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pre_slow = slow;
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slow = slow -> next;
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}
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pre_slow -> next = NULL;
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return merge(sortList(head), sortList(slow));
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}
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};
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```
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## 思路二
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``` C++
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/**
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* 自底向上归并排序
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* 参考https://leetcode.com/problems/sort-list/discuss/46712/Bottom-to-up(not-recurring)-with-o(1)-space-complextity-and-o(nlgn)-time-complextity
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*/
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class Solution {
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private:
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// 将链表分成两部分, 第一部分包含n个节点, 注意返回的是第二个链表的头
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ListNode* split(ListNode *head, int n){
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for(int i = 1; head && i < n; i++) head = head->next;
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if(!head) return NULL;
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ListNode *second = head->next;
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head->next = NULL;
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return second;
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}
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// merge两个有序链表, 并将merge后的链表接在head后面, 返回的是结果链表的最后一个节点
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ListNode* merge(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2, ListNode* head){
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ListNode *cur = head;
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while(l1 && l2){
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if(l1->val > l2->val){
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cur->next = l2;
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cur = l2;
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l2 = l2->next;
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}
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else{
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cur->next = l1;
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cur = l1;
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l1 = l1->next;
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}
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}
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cur -> next = (l1 ? l1 : l2);
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while(cur->next) cur = cur->next;
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return cur;
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}
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public:
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ListNode *sortList(ListNode *head) {
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if(!head || !(head->next)) return head;
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// 获得链表长度
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ListNode* cur = head;
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int length = 0;
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while(cur){
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length++;
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cur = cur->next;
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}
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ListNode *dummy = new ListNode(-1);
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dummy -> next = head;
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ListNode *left, *right, *tail;
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for(int step = 1; step < length; step <<= 1){ // 左移1位比乘2要快
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cur = dummy -> next;
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tail = dummy;
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while(cur){
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left = cur;
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right = split(left, step);
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cur = split(right,step);
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tail = merge(left, right, tail);
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}
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}
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return dummy -> next;
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}
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};
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```
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