Bumping version

* Refactor ordered_map into separate files

Separate json and xml, from the regular yaml.

Makes it possible to compile, without those...

* Refactor encoder and decoder creation

Use more consistent parameters vs globals

Return errors instead of calling panic()

* Allow build without json and xml support

.github/workflows/go.yml

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
 
-    - name: Set up Go 1.19
+    - name: Set up Go
       uses: actions/setup-go@v3
       with:
-        go-version: 1.19
+        go-version: '^1.20'
       id: go
 
     - name: Check out code into the Go module directory

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -12,17 +12,16 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v3
         with:
-          go-version: '^1.19'
+          go-version: '^1.20'
           check-latest: true
       - name: Compile man page markup
         id: gen-man-page-md
         run: |
           ./scripts/generate-man-page-md.sh
-          echo "::set-output name=man-page-md::man.md"
 
       - name: Get the version
         id: get_version
-        run: echo ::set-output name=VERSION::${GITHUB_REF##*/}
+        run: echo "VERSION=${GITHUB_REF##*/}" >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
 
       - name: Generate man page
         uses: docker://pandoc/core:2.14.2
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
             --variable=header:"yq (https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/) version ${{ steps.get_version.outputs.VERSION }}"
             --variable=author:"Mike Farah"
             --output=yq.1
-            ${{ steps.gen-man-page-md.outputs.man-page-md }}
+            man.md
 
       - name: Cross compile
         run: |

.github/workflows/snap-release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+name: Release Snap
+
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [released]
+
+  # Allows you to run this workflow manually from the Actions tab
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+    buildSnap:
+      environment: snap
+      runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+      steps:
+        - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        - uses: snapcore/action-build@v1
+          id: build
+        - uses: snapcore/action-publish@v1
+          env:
+            SNAPCRAFT_STORE_CREDENTIALS: ${{ secrets.STORE_LOGIN }}
+          with:
+            snap: ${{ steps.build.outputs.snap }}
+            release: stable

Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM golang:1.19.2 as builder
+FROM golang:1.20.1 as builder
 
 WORKDIR /go/src/mikefarah/yq
 

Dockerfile.dev

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM golang:1.19.2
+FROM golang:1.20.1
 
 COPY scripts/devtools.sh /opt/devtools.sh
 

README.md

@@ -61,6 +61,9 @@ Take a look at the discussions for [common questions](https://github.com/mikefar
 ### wget
 Use wget to download, gzipped pre-compiled binaries:
 
+
+For instance, VERSION=v4.2.0 and BINARY=yq_linux_amd64
+
 #### Compressed via tar.gz
 ```bash
 wget https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/releases/download/${VERSION}/${BINARY}.tar.gz -O - |\
@@ -74,9 +77,7 @@ wget https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/releases/download/${VERSION}/${BINARY} -O /
     chmod +x /usr/bin/yq
 ```
 
-For instance, VERSION=v4.2.0 and BINARY=yq_linux_amd64
-
-Use VERSION=latest to always get the latest version:
+#### Latest version
 
 ```bash
 wget https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/releases/latest/download/yq_linux_amd64 -O /usr/bin/yq &&\

acceptance_tests/inputs-format.sh

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ EOL
   read -r -d '' expected << EOM
 cat:
   +content: BiBi
-  +legs: "4"
+  +@legs: "4"
 EOM
 
   X=$(./yq e -p=xml test.yml)
@@ -129,9 +129,9 @@ EOL
   read -r -d '' expected << EOM
 +p_xml: version="1.0"
 map:
-  +xmlns: some-namespace
-  +xmlns:xsi: some-instance
-  +xsi:schemaLocation: some-url
+  +@xmlns: some-namespace
+  +@xmlns:xsi: some-instance
+  +@xsi:schemaLocation: some-url
 EOM
 
   X=$(./yq e -p=xml test.yml)
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ EOL
   read -r -d '' expected << EOM
 cat:
   +content: BiBi
-  +legs: "4"
+  +@legs: "4"
 EOM
 
   X=$(cat /dev/null | ./yq e -p=xml test.yml)

acceptance_tests/leading-seperator.sh

@@ -34,6 +34,82 @@ EOM
   assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
 }
 
+
+testLeadingSeperatorWithNewlinesNewDoc() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+
+
+---
+a: test
+---
+b: cool
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+
+
+---
+a: thing
+---
+b: cool
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e '(select(di == 0) | .a) = "thing"' - < test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testLeadingSeperatorWithNewlinesMoreComments() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+
+---
+# great
+
+a: test
+---
+b: cool
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+
+---
+# great
+
+a: thing
+---
+b: cool
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e '(select(di == 0) | .a) = "thing"' - < test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+
+testLeadingSeperatorWithDirective() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+%YAML 1.1
+---
+this: should really work
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+%YAML 1.1
+---
+this: should really work
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq < test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+
 testLeadingSeperatorPipeIntoEvalSeq() {
   X=$(./yq e - < test.yml)
   expected=$(cat test.yml)

acceptance_tests/output-format.sh

@@ -48,6 +48,55 @@ EOM
   assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
 }
 
+testOutputYamlRawDefault() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: "cat"
+EOL
+
+  X=$(./yq e  '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "cat" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "cat" "$X"
+}
+
+testOutputYamlRawOff() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: "cat"
+EOL
+
+  X=$(./yq e -r=false '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "\"cat\"" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea -r=false '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "\"cat\"" "$X"
+}
+
+testOutputJsonRaw() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: cat
+EOL
+
+  X=$(./yq e -r --output-format=json '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "cat" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea -r --output-format=json '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "cat" "$X"
+}
+
+testOutputJsonDefault() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: cat
+EOL
+
+  X=$(./yq e --output-format=json '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "\"cat\"" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea --output-format=json '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "\"cat\"" "$X"
+}
+
+
 testOutputJsonShort() {
   cat >test.yml <<EOL
 a: {b: ["cat"]}
@@ -72,11 +121,11 @@ EOM
 
 testOutputProperties() {
   cat >test.yml <<EOL
-a: {b: {c: ["cat"]}}
+a: {b: {c: ["cat cat"]}}
 EOL
 
   read -r -d '' expected << EOM
-a.b.c.0 = cat
+a.b.c.0 = cat cat
 EOM
 
   X=$(./yq e --output-format=props test.yml)
@@ -86,13 +135,30 @@ EOM
   assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
 }
 
-testOutputPropertiesShort() {
+testOutputPropertiesDontUnwrap() {
   cat >test.yml <<EOL
-a: {b: {c: ["cat"]}}
+a: {b: {c: ["cat cat"]}}
 EOL
 
   read -r -d '' expected << EOM
-a.b.c.0 = cat
+a.b.c.0 = "cat cat"
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e -r=false --output-format=props test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea -r=false --output-format=props test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+
+testOutputPropertiesShort() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: {b: {c: ["cat cat"]}}
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+a.b.c.0 = cat cat
 EOM
 
   X=$(./yq e -o=p test.yml)
@@ -186,7 +252,7 @@ EOM
 
 testOutputXmComplex() {
   cat >test.yml <<EOL
-a: {b: {c: ["cat", "dog"], +f: meow}}
+a: {b: {c: ["cat", "dog"], +@f: meow}}
 EOL
 
   read -r -d '' expected << EOM

cmd/constant.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package cmd
 
-var unwrapScalar = true
+var unwrapScalarFlag = newUnwrapFlag()
+
+var unwrapScalar = false
 
 var writeInplace = false
 var outputToJSON = false

cmd/evaluate_all_command.go

@@ -84,7 +84,10 @@ func evaluateAll(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) (cmdError error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	encoder := configureEncoder(format)
+	encoder, err := configureEncoder()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	printer := yqlib.NewPrinter(encoder, printerWriter)
 

cmd/evalute_sequence_command.go

@@ -93,7 +93,10 @@ func evaluateSequence(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) (cmdError error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	encoder := configureEncoder(format)
+	encoder, err := configureEncoder()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	printer := yqlib.NewPrinter(encoder, printerWriter)
 

cmd/root.go

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ yq -P sample.json
 			return evaluateSequence(cmd, args)
 
 		},
-		PersistentPreRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		PersistentPreRunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			cmd.SetOut(cmd.OutOrStdout())
 
 			var format = logging.MustStringFormatter(
@@ -52,18 +52,27 @@ yq -P sample.json
 
 			logging.SetBackend(backend)
 			yqlib.InitExpressionParser()
-			if (inputFormat == "x" || inputFormat == "xml") &&
-				outputFormat != "x" && outputFormat != "xml" &&
-				yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.AttributePrefix == "+" {
-				yqlib.GetLogger().Warning("The default xml-attribute-prefix will change in the v4.30 to `+@` to avoid " +
-					"naming conflicts with the default content name, directive name and proc inst prefix. If you need to keep " +
-					"`+` please set that value explicityly with --xml-attribute-prefix.")
+
+			outputFormatType, err := yqlib.OutputFormatFromString(outputFormat)
+
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			if outputFormatType == yqlib.YamlOutputFormat ||
+				outputFormatType == yqlib.PropsOutputFormat {
+				unwrapScalar = true
+			}
+			if unwrapScalarFlag.IsExplicitySet() {
+				unwrapScalar = unwrapScalarFlag.IsSet()
 			}
 
 			//copy preference form global setting
 			yqlib.ConfiguredYamlPreferences.UnwrapScalar = unwrapScalar
 
 			yqlib.ConfiguredYamlPreferences.PrintDocSeparators = !noDocSeparators
+
+			return nil
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -78,15 +87,15 @@ yq -P sample.json
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&outputFormat, "output-format", "o", "yaml", "[yaml|y|json|j|props|p|xml|x] output format type.")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&inputFormat, "input-format", "p", "yaml", "[yaml|y|props|p|xml|x] parse format for input. Note that json is a subset of yaml.")
 
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.AttributePrefix, "xml-attribute-prefix", "+", "prefix for xml attributes")
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.ContentName, "xml-content-name", "+content", "name for xml content (if no attribute name is present).")
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.StrictMode, "xml-strict-mode", false, "enables strict parsing of XML. See https://pkg.go.dev/encoding/xml for more details.")
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.KeepNamespace, "xml-keep-namespace", true, "enables keeping namespace after parsing attributes")
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.UseRawToken, "xml-raw-token", true, "enables using RawToken method instead Token. Commonly disables namespace translations. See https://pkg.go.dev/encoding/xml#Decoder.RawToken for details.")
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.ProcInstPrefix, "xml-proc-inst-prefix", "+p_", "prefix for xml processing instructions (e.g. <?xml version=\"1\"?>)")
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.DirectiveName, "xml-directive-name", "+directive", "name for xml directives (e.g. <!DOCTYPE thing cat>)")
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.SkipProcInst, "xml-skip-proc-inst", false, "skip over process instructions (e.g. <?xml version=\"1\"?>)")
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.SkipDirectives, "xml-skip-directives", false, "skip over directives (e.g. <!DOCTYPE thing cat>)")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.AttributePrefix, "xml-attribute-prefix", yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.AttributePrefix, "prefix for xml attributes")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.ContentName, "xml-content-name", yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.ContentName, "name for xml content (if no attribute name is present).")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.StrictMode, "xml-strict-mode", yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.StrictMode, "enables strict parsing of XML. See https://pkg.go.dev/encoding/xml for more details.")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.KeepNamespace, "xml-keep-namespace", yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.KeepNamespace, "enables keeping namespace after parsing attributes")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.UseRawToken, "xml-raw-token", yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.UseRawToken, "enables using RawToken method instead Token. Commonly disables namespace translations. See https://pkg.go.dev/encoding/xml#Decoder.RawToken for details.")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.ProcInstPrefix, "xml-proc-inst-prefix", yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.ProcInstPrefix, "prefix for xml processing instructions (e.g. <?xml version=\"1\"?>)")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.DirectiveName, "xml-directive-name", yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.DirectiveName, "name for xml directives (e.g. <!DOCTYPE thing cat>)")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.SkipProcInst, "xml-skip-proc-inst", yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.SkipProcInst, "skip over process instructions (e.g. <?xml version=\"1\"?>)")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.SkipDirectives, "xml-skip-directives", yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.SkipDirectives, "skip over directives (e.g. <!DOCTYPE thing cat>)")
 
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&nullInput, "null-input", "n", false, "Don't read input, simply evaluate the expression given. Useful for creating docs from scratch.")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&noDocSeparators, "no-doc", "N", false, "Don't print document separators (---)")
@@ -94,7 +103,9 @@ yq -P sample.json
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVarP(&indent, "indent", "I", 2, "sets indent level for output")
 	rootCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&version, "version", "V", false, "Print version information and quit")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&writeInplace, "inplace", "i", false, "update the file inplace of first file given.")
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&unwrapScalar, "unwrapScalar", "r", true, "unwrap scalar, print the value with no quotes, colors or comments")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().VarP(unwrapScalarFlag, "unwrapScalar", "r", "unwrap scalar, print the value with no quotes, colors or comments. Defaults to true for yaml")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("unwrapScalar").NoOptDefVal = "true"
+
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&prettyPrint, "prettyPrint", "P", false, "pretty print, shorthand for '... style = \"\"'")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&exitStatus, "exit-status", "e", false, "set exit status if there are no matches or null or false is returned")
 

cmd/unwrap_flag.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
+)
+
+type boolFlag interface {
+	pflag.Value
+	IsExplicitySet() bool
+	IsSet() bool
+}
+
+type unwrapScalarFlagStrc struct {
+	explicitySet bool
+	value        bool
+}
+
+func newUnwrapFlag() boolFlag {
+	return &unwrapScalarFlagStrc{value: true}
+}
+
+func (f *unwrapScalarFlagStrc) IsExplicitySet() bool {
+	return f.explicitySet
+}
+
+func (f *unwrapScalarFlagStrc) IsSet() bool {
+	return f.value
+}
+
+func (f *unwrapScalarFlagStrc) String() string {
+	return strconv.FormatBool(f.value)
+}
+
+func (f *unwrapScalarFlagStrc) Set(value string) error {
+
+	v, err := strconv.ParseBool(value)
+	f.value = v
+	f.explicitySet = true
+	return err
+}
+
+func (*unwrapScalarFlagStrc) Type() string {
+	return "bool"
+}

cmd/utils.go

@@ -61,7 +61,15 @@ func configureDecoder(evaluateTogether bool) (yqlib.Decoder, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	switch yqlibInputFormat {
+	yqlibDecoder, err := createDecoder(yqlibInputFormat, evaluateTogether)
+	if yqlibDecoder == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no support for %s input format", inputFormat)
+	}
+	return yqlibDecoder, err
+}
+
+func createDecoder(format yqlib.InputFormat, evaluateTogether bool) (yqlib.Decoder, error) {
+	switch format {
 	case yqlib.XMLInputFormat:
 		return yqlib.NewXMLDecoder(yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences), nil
 	case yqlib.PropertiesInputFormat:
@@ -72,10 +80,12 @@ func configureDecoder(evaluateTogether bool) (yqlib.Decoder, error) {
 		return yqlib.NewCSVObjectDecoder(','), nil
 	case yqlib.TSVObjectInputFormat:
 		return yqlib.NewCSVObjectDecoder('\t'), nil
+	case yqlib.YamlInputFormat:
+		prefs := yqlib.ConfiguredYamlPreferences
+		prefs.EvaluateTogether = evaluateTogether
+		return yqlib.NewYamlDecoder(prefs), nil
 	}
-	prefs := yqlib.ConfiguredYamlPreferences
-	prefs.EvaluateTogether = evaluateTogether
-	return yqlib.NewYamlDecoder(prefs), nil
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid decoder: %v", format)
 }
 
 func configurePrinterWriter(format yqlib.PrinterOutputFormat, out io.Writer) (yqlib.PrinterWriter, error) {
@@ -95,22 +105,34 @@ func configurePrinterWriter(format yqlib.PrinterOutputFormat, out io.Writer) (yq
 	return printerWriter, nil
 }
 
-func configureEncoder(format yqlib.PrinterOutputFormat) yqlib.Encoder {
+func configureEncoder() (yqlib.Encoder, error) {
+	yqlibOutputFormat, err := yqlib.OutputFormatFromString(outputFormat)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	yqlibEncoder, err := createEncoder(yqlibOutputFormat)
+	if yqlibEncoder == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no support for %s output format", outputFormat)
+	}
+	return yqlibEncoder, err
+}
+
+func createEncoder(format yqlib.PrinterOutputFormat) (yqlib.Encoder, error) {
 	switch format {
 	case yqlib.JSONOutputFormat:
-		return yqlib.NewJSONEncoder(indent, colorsEnabled)
+		return yqlib.NewJSONEncoder(indent, colorsEnabled, unwrapScalar), nil
 	case yqlib.PropsOutputFormat:
-		return yqlib.NewPropertiesEncoder(unwrapScalar)
+		return yqlib.NewPropertiesEncoder(unwrapScalar), nil
 	case yqlib.CSVOutputFormat:
-		return yqlib.NewCsvEncoder(',')
+		return yqlib.NewCsvEncoder(','), nil
 	case yqlib.TSVOutputFormat:
-		return yqlib.NewCsvEncoder('\t')
+		return yqlib.NewCsvEncoder('\t'), nil
 	case yqlib.YamlOutputFormat:
-		return yqlib.NewYamlEncoder(indent, colorsEnabled, yqlib.ConfiguredYamlPreferences)
+		return yqlib.NewYamlEncoder(indent, colorsEnabled, yqlib.ConfiguredYamlPreferences), nil
 	case yqlib.XMLOutputFormat:
-		return yqlib.NewXMLEncoder(indent, yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences)
+		return yqlib.NewXMLEncoder(indent, yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences), nil
 	}
-	panic("invalid encoder")
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid encoder: %v", format)
 }
 
 // this is a hack to enable backwards compatibility with githubactions (which pipe /dev/null into everything)

cmd/version.go

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ var (
 	GitDescribe string
 
 	// Version is main version number that is being run at the moment.
-	Version = "4.28.2"
+	Version = "v4.31.2"
 
 	// VersionPrerelease is a pre-release marker for the version. If this is "" (empty string)
 	// then it means that it is a final release. Otherwise, this is a pre-release

examples/array.yaml

@@ -1,11 +1,2 @@
----
-- become: true
-  gather_facts: false
-  hosts: lalaland
-  name: "Apply smth"
-  roles:
-    - lala
-    - land
-  serial: 1
-- become: false
-  gather_facts: true
+- [cat, dog, frog, cow]
+- [apple, banana, grape, mango]

examples/data1.yaml

@@ -1,5 +1 @@
-volumes:
-  beehive-conf:
-    driver: local
-services:
-  - beehive
+["foobar", "foobaz", "blarp"]

examples/mike.xml

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<!DOCTYPE config SYSTEM "/etc/iwatch/iwatch.dtd" >
-<apple>
-<?coolioo version="1.0"?>
-<!DOCTYPE config SYSTEM "/etc/iwatch/iwatch.dtd" >
-<b>things</b>
-</apple>
+date: "2022-11-25"
+raw:
+  id: 1
+  XML: text_outside_1<Tag1 />text_outside_2<Tag2Kling Klong</Tag2>text_outside_3
+  time: 09:19:00

examples/sample_objects.csv

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 name,numberOfCats,likesApples,height
-Gary,1,true,168.8
+,1,true,168.8
 Samantha's Rabbit,2,false,-188.8

examples/small.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+---
+# comment
+# about things
+a: cat

go.mod

@@ -1,31 +1,31 @@
 module github.com/mikefarah/yq/v4
 
 require (
-	github.com/a8m/envsubst v1.3.0
+	github.com/a8m/envsubst v1.4.2
 	github.com/alecthomas/participle/v2 v2.0.0-beta.5
-	github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.1.1
+	github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.2.0
 	github.com/dimchansky/utfbom v1.1.1
 	github.com/elliotchance/orderedmap v1.5.0
-	github.com/fatih/color v1.13.0
-	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.9.11
-	github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.9.6
+	github.com/fatih/color v1.14.1
+	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.0
+	github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.9.8
 	github.com/jinzhu/copier v0.3.5
-	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.6
+	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.7
 	github.com/pkg/diff v0.0.0-20210226163009-20ebb0f2a09e
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.6.1
-	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220708220712-1185a9018129
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5
+	golang.org/x/net v0.7.0
 	gopkg.in/op/go-logging.v1 v1.0.0-20160211212156-b2cb9fa56473
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 )
 
 require (
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.12 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.14 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220712014510-0a85c31ab51e // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.3.7 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.17 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.7.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20220609144429-65e65417b02f // indirect
 )
 
-go 1.19
+go 1.20

go.sum

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-github.com/a8m/envsubst v1.3.0 h1:GmXKmVssap0YtlU3E230W98RWtWCyIZzjtf1apWWyAg=
-github.com/a8m/envsubst v1.3.0/go.mod h1:MVUTQNGQ3tsjOOtKCNd+fl8RzhsXcDvvAEzkhGtlsbY=
+github.com/a8m/envsubst v1.4.2 h1:4yWIHXOLEJHQEFd4UjrWDrYeYlV7ncFWJOCBRLOZHQg=
+github.com/a8m/envsubst v1.4.2/go.mod h1:MVUTQNGQ3tsjOOtKCNd+fl8RzhsXcDvvAEzkhGtlsbY=
 github.com/alecthomas/assert/v2 v2.0.3 h1:WKqJODfOiQG0nEJKFKzDIG3E29CN2/4zR9XGJzKIkbg=
 github.com/alecthomas/participle/v2 v2.0.0-beta.5 h1:y6dsSYVb1G5eK6mgmy+BgI3Mw35a3WghArZ/Hbebrjo=
 github.com/alecthomas/participle/v2 v2.0.0-beta.5/go.mod h1:RC764t6n4L8D8ITAJv0qdokritYSNR3wV5cVwmIEaMM=
-github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.1.1 h1:87P60cSmareLAxMc4Hro0r2RBY4ROm0dYwkJNpS4pPs=
-github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.1.1/go.mod h1:Fr0507jx4eOXV7AlPV6AVZLYrLIuIeSOWtW57eE/O/4=
+github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.2.0 h1:HAzS41CIzNW5syS8Mf9UwXhNH1J9aix/BvDRf1Ml2Yk=
+github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.2.0/go.mod h1:Fr0507jx4eOXV7AlPV6AVZLYrLIuIeSOWtW57eE/O/4=
 github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.2/go.mod h1:tgQtvFlXSQOSOSIRvRPT7W67SCa46tRHOmNcaadrF8o=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0 h1:ZDRjVQ15GmhC3fiQ8ni8+OwkZQO4DARzQgrnXU1Liz8=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
@@ -13,31 +13,31 @@ github.com/dimchansky/utfbom v1.1.1/go.mod h1:SxdoEBH5qIqFocHMyGOXVAybYJdr71b1Q/
 github.com/elliotchance/orderedmap v1.5.0 h1:1IsExUsjv5XNBD3ZdC7jkAAqLWOOKdbPTmkHx63OsBg=
 github.com/elliotchance/orderedmap v1.5.0/go.mod h1:wsDwEaX5jEoyhbs7x93zk2H/qv0zwuhg4inXhDkYqys=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.10.0/go.mod h1:ELkj/draVOlAH/xkhN6mQ50Qd0MPOk5AAr3maGEBuJM=
-github.com/fatih/color v1.13.0 h1:8LOYc1KYPPmyKMuN8QV2DNRWNbLo6LZ0iLs8+mlH53w=
-github.com/fatih/color v1.13.0/go.mod h1:kLAiJbzzSOZDVNGyDpeOxJ47H46qBXwg5ILebYFFOfk=
+github.com/fatih/color v1.14.1 h1:qfhVLaG5s+nCROl1zJsZRxFeYrHLqWroPOQ8BWiNb4w=
+github.com/fatih/color v1.14.1/go.mod h1:2oHN61fhTpgcxD3TSWCgKDiH1+x4OiDVVGH8WlgGZGg=
 github.com/go-playground/assert/v2 v2.0.1/go.mod h1:VDjEfimB/XKnb+ZQfWdccd7VUvScMdVu0Titje2rxJ4=
 github.com/go-playground/locales v0.13.0/go.mod h1:taPMhCMXrRLJO55olJkUXHZBHCxTMfnGwq/HNwmWNS8=
 github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.17.0/go.mod h1:UkSxE5sNxxRwHyU+Scu5vgOQjsIJAF8j9muTVoKLVtA=
 github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.4.1/go.mod h1:nlOn6nFhuKACm19sB/8EGNn9GlaMV7XkbRSipzJ0Ii4=
-github.com/goccy/go-json v0.9.11 h1:/pAaQDLHEoCq/5FFmSKBswWmK6H0e8g4159Kc/X/nqk=
-github.com/goccy/go-json v0.9.11/go.mod h1:6MelG93GURQebXPDq3khkgXZkazVtN9CRI+MGFi0w8I=
-github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.9.6 h1:KhAu1zf9JXnm3vbG49aDE0E5uEBUsM4uwD31/58ZWyI=
-github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.9.6/go.mod h1:JubOolP3gh0HpiBc4BLRD4YmjEjHAmIIB2aaXKkTfoE=
+github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.0 h1:mXKd9Qw4NuzShiRlOXKews24ufknHO7gx30lsDyokKA=
+github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.0/go.mod h1:6MelG93GURQebXPDq3khkgXZkazVtN9CRI+MGFi0w8I=
+github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.9.8 h1:5gMyLUeU1/6zl+WFfR1hN7D2kf+1/eRGa7DFtToiBvQ=
+github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.9.8/go.mod h1:JubOolP3gh0HpiBc4BLRD4YmjEjHAmIIB2aaXKkTfoE=
 github.com/hexops/gotextdiff v1.0.3 h1:gitA9+qJrrTCsiCl7+kh75nPqQt1cx4ZkudSTLoUqJM=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.0.1 h1:U3uMjPSQEBMNp1lFxmllqCPM6P5u/Xq7Pgzkat/bFNc=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.0.1/go.mod h1:vpF70FUmC8bwa3OWnCshd2FqLfsEA9PFc4w1p2J65bw=
 github.com/jinzhu/copier v0.3.5 h1:GlvfUwHk62RokgqVNvYsku0TATCF7bAHVwEXoBh3iJg=
 github.com/jinzhu/copier v0.3.5/go.mod h1:DfbEm0FYsaqBcKcFuvmOZb218JkPGtvSHsKg8S8hyyg=
 github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.2.0/go.mod h1:+8+nEpDfqqsY+g338gtMEUOtuK+4dEMhiQEgxpxOKII=
-github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.6 h1:5ibWZ6iY0NctNGWo87LalDlEZ6R41TqbbDamhfG/Qzo=
-github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.6/go.mod h1:y3VJvCyxH9uVvJTWEGAELF3aiYNyPKd5NZ3oSwXrF60=
+github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.7 h1:IeQXZAiQcpL9mgcAe1Nu6cX9LLw6ExEHKjN0VQdvPDY=
+github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.7/go.mod h1:Dhd985XPs7jluiymwWYZ0G4Z61jb3vdS329zhj2hYo0=
 github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.8/go.mod h1:u6P/XSegPjTcexA+o6vUJrdnUu04hMope9wVRipJSqc=
-github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.9/go.mod h1:u6P/XSegPjTcexA+o6vUJrdnUu04hMope9wVRipJSqc=
-github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.12 h1:jF+Du6AlPIjs2BiUiQlKOX0rt3SujHxPnksPKZbaA40=
-github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.12/go.mod h1:u5H1YNBxpqRaxsYJYSkiCWKzEfiAb1Gb520KVy5xxl4=
+github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 h1:fFA4WZxdEF4tXPZVKMLwD8oUnCTTo08duU7wxecdEvA=
+github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13/go.mod h1:7S9/ev0klgBDR4GtXTXX8a3vIGJpMovkB8vQcUbaXHg=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.12/go.mod h1:cbi8OIDigv2wuxKPP5vlRcQ1OAZbq2CE4Kysco4FUpU=
-github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.14 h1:yVuAays6BHfxijgZPzw+3Zlu5yQgKGP2/hcQbHb7S9Y=
-github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.14/go.mod h1:7GGIvUiUoEMVVmxf/4nioHXj79iQHKdU27kJ6hsGG94=
+github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.16/go.mod h1:kYGgaQfpe5nmfYZH+SKPsOc2e4SrIfOl2e/yFXSvRLM=
+github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.17 h1:BTarxUcIeDqL27Mc+vyvdWYSL28zpIhv3RoTdsLMPng=
+github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.17/go.mod h1:kYGgaQfpe5nmfYZH+SKPsOc2e4SrIfOl2e/yFXSvRLM=
 github.com/pkg/diff v0.0.0-20210226163009-20ebb0f2a09e h1:aoZm08cpOy4WuID//EZDgcC4zIxODThtZNPirFr42+A=
 github.com/pkg/diff v0.0.0-20210226163009-20ebb0f2a09e/go.mod h1:pJLUxLENpZxwdsKMEsNbx1VGcRFpLqf3715MtcvvzbA=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
@@ -54,21 +54,20 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190404232315-eb5bcb51f2a3/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn7q6eTqICYqUVnKs3thJo3Qplg=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220708220712-1185a9018129 h1:vucSRfWwTsoXro7P+3Cjlr6flUMtzCwzlvkxEQtHHB0=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220708220712-1185a9018129/go.mod h1:XRhObCWvk6IyKnWLug+ECip1KBveYUHfp+8e9klMJ9c=
+golang.org/x/net v0.7.0 h1:rJrUqqhjsgNp7KqAIc25s9pZnjU7TUcSY7HcVZjdn1g=
+golang.org/x/net v0.7.0/go.mod h1:2Tu9+aMcznHK/AK1HMvgo6xiTLG5rD5rZLDS+rp2Bjs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200116001909-b77594299b42/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200223170610-d5e6a3e2c0ae/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210630005230-0f9fa26af87c/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210927094055-39ccf1dd6fa6/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220406163625-3f8b81556e12/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220712014510-0a85c31ab51e h1:NHvCuwuS43lGnYhten69ZWqi2QOj/CiDNcKbVqwVoew=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220712014510-0a85c31ab51e/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0 h1:MUK/U/4lj1t1oPg0HfuXDN/Z1wv31ZJ/YcPiGccS4DU=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.2/go.mod h1:bEr9sfX3Q8Zfm5fL9x+3itogRgK3+ptLWKqgva+5dAk=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.7 h1:olpwvP2KacW1ZWvsR7uQhoyTYvKAupfQrRGBFM352Gk=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
+golang.org/x/text v0.7.0 h1:4BRB4x83lYWy72KwLD/qYDuTu7q9PjSagHvijDw7cLo=
+golang.org/x/text v0.7.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20220609144429-65e65417b02f h1:uF6paiQQebLeSXkrTqHqz0MXhXXS1KgF41eUdBNvxK0=

pkg/yqlib/chown_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package yqlib
+
+import (
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+func changeOwner(info fs.FileInfo, file *os.File) error {
+	if stat, ok := info.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t); ok {
+		uid := int(stat.Uid)
+		gid := int(stat.Gid)
+
+		err := os.Chown(file.Name(), uid, gid)
+		if err != nil {
+			// this happens with snap confinement
+			// not really a big issue as users can chown
+			// the file themselves if required.
+			log.Info("Skipping chown: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

pkg/yqlib/chown_not_linux_os.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+package yqlib
+
+import (
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+)
+
+func changeOwner(info fs.FileInfo, file *os.File) error {
+	return nil
+}

pkg/yqlib/csv_test.go

@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ const csvSimple = `name,numberOfCats,likesApples,height
 Gary,1,true,168.8
 Samantha's Rabbit,2,false,-188.8
 `
-
+const csvMissing = `name,numberOfCats,likesApples,height
+,null,,168.8
+`
 const expectedUpdatedSimpleCsv = `name,numberOfCats,likesApples,height
 Gary,3,true,168.8
 Samantha's Rabbit,2,false,-188.8
@@ -110,6 +112,13 @@ var csvScenarios = []formatScenario{
 		expected:       csvSimpleMissingData,
 		scenarioType:   "encode-csv",
 	},
+	{
+		description:  "decode csv missing",
+		skipDoc:      true,
+		input:        csvMissing,
+		expected:     csvMissing,
+		scenarioType: "roundtrip-csv",
+	},
 	{
 		description:    "Parse CSV into an array of objects",
 		subdescription: "First row is assumed to be the header row.",
@@ -136,15 +145,15 @@ var csvScenarios = []formatScenario{
 func testCSVScenario(t *testing.T, s formatScenario) {
 	switch s.scenarioType {
 	case "encode-csv":
-		test.AssertResultWithContext(t, s.expected, processFormatScenario(s, NewYamlDecoder(ConfiguredYamlPreferences), NewCsvEncoder(',')), s.description)
+		test.AssertResultWithContext(t, s.expected, mustProcessFormatScenario(s, NewYamlDecoder(ConfiguredYamlPreferences), NewCsvEncoder(',')), s.description)
 	case "encode-tsv":
-		test.AssertResultWithContext(t, s.expected, processFormatScenario(s, NewYamlDecoder(ConfiguredYamlPreferences), NewCsvEncoder('\t')), s.description)
+		test.AssertResultWithContext(t, s.expected, mustProcessFormatScenario(s, NewYamlDecoder(ConfiguredYamlPreferences), NewCsvEncoder('\t')), s.description)
 	case "decode-csv-object":
-		test.AssertResultWithContext(t, s.expected, processFormatScenario(s, NewCSVObjectDecoder(','), NewYamlEncoder(2, false, ConfiguredYamlPreferences)), s.description)
+		test.AssertResultWithContext(t, s.expected, mustProcessFormatScenario(s, NewCSVObjectDecoder(','), NewYamlEncoder(2, false, ConfiguredYamlPreferences)), s.description)
 	case "decode-tsv-object":
-		test.AssertResultWithContext(t, s.expected, processFormatScenario(s, NewCSVObjectDecoder('\t'), NewYamlEncoder(2, false, ConfiguredYamlPreferences)), s.description)
+		test.AssertResultWithContext(t, s.expected, mustProcessFormatScenario(s, NewCSVObjectDecoder('\t'), NewYamlEncoder(2, false, ConfiguredYamlPreferences)), s.description)
 	case "roundtrip-csv":
-		test.AssertResultWithContext(t, s.expected, processFormatScenario(s, NewCSVObjectDecoder(','), NewCsvEncoder(',')), s.description)
+		test.AssertResultWithContext(t, s.expected, mustProcessFormatScenario(s, NewCSVObjectDecoder(','), NewCsvEncoder(',')), s.description)
 	default:
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("unhandled scenario type %q", s.scenarioType))
 	}
@@ -171,7 +180,7 @@ func documentCSVDecodeObjectScenario(w *bufio.Writer, s formatScenario, formatTy
 	}
 
 	writeOrPanic(w, fmt.Sprintf("```yaml\n%v```\n\n",
-		processFormatScenario(s, NewCSVObjectDecoder(separator), NewYamlEncoder(s.indent, false, ConfiguredYamlPreferences))),
+		mustProcessFormatScenario(s, NewCSVObjectDecoder(separator), NewYamlEncoder(s.indent, false, ConfiguredYamlPreferences))),
 	)
 }
 
@@ -203,7 +212,7 @@ func documentCSVEncodeScenario(w *bufio.Writer, s formatScenario, formatType str
 	}
 
 	writeOrPanic(w, fmt.Sprintf("```%v\n%v```\n\n", formatType,
-		processFormatScenario(s, NewYamlDecoder(ConfiguredYamlPreferences), NewCsvEncoder(separator))),
+		mustProcessFormatScenario(s, NewYamlDecoder(ConfiguredYamlPreferences), NewCsvEncoder(separator))),
 	)
 }
 
@@ -235,7 +244,7 @@ func documentCSVRoundTripScenario(w *bufio.Writer, s formatScenario, formatType
 	}
 
 	writeOrPanic(w, fmt.Sprintf("```%v\n%v```\n\n", formatType,
-		processFormatScenario(s, NewCSVObjectDecoder(separator), NewCsvEncoder(separator))),
+		mustProcessFormatScenario(s, NewCSVObjectDecoder(separator), NewCsvEncoder(separator))),
 	)
 }
 

pkg/yqlib/decoder.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ const (
 	JsonInputFormat
 	CSVObjectInputFormat
 	TSVObjectInputFormat
+	UriInputFormat
 )
 
 type Decoder interface {

pkg/yqlib/decoder_json.go

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build !yq_nojson
+
 package yqlib
 
 import (
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ func (dec *jsonDecoder) convertToYamlNode(data *orderedMap) (*yaml.Node, error)
 		}
 	}
 
-	var yamlMap = &yaml.Node{Kind: yaml.MappingNode}
+	var yamlMap = &yaml.Node{Kind: yaml.MappingNode, Tag: "!!map"}
 	for _, keyValuePair := range data.kv {
 		yamlValue, err := dec.convertToYamlNode(&keyValuePair.V)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ func (dec *jsonDecoder) convertToYamlNode(data *orderedMap) (*yaml.Node, error)
 
 func (dec *jsonDecoder) parseArray(dataArray []*orderedMap) (*yaml.Node, error) {
 
-	var yamlMap = &yaml.Node{Kind: yaml.SequenceNode}
+	var yamlMap = &yaml.Node{Kind: yaml.SequenceNode, Tag: "!!seq"}
 
 	for _, value := range dataArray {
 		yamlValue, err := dec.convertToYamlNode(value)

pkg/yqlib/decoder_properties.go

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ func (dec *propertiesDecoder) applyPropertyComments(context Context, path []inte
 
 	rhsCandidateNode.Node.Tag = guessTagFromCustomType(rhsCandidateNode.Node)
 
-	rhsOp := &Operation{OperationType: valueOpType, CandidateNode: rhsCandidateNode}
+	rhsOp := &Operation{OperationType: referenceOpType, CandidateNode: rhsCandidateNode}
 
 	assignmentOpNode := &ExpressionNode{
 		Operation: assignmentOp,
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func (dec *propertiesDecoder) applyProperty(context Context, properties *propert
 
 	assignmentOp := &Operation{OperationType: assignOpType, Preferences: assignPreferences{}}
 
-	rhsOp := &Operation{OperationType: valueOpType, CandidateNode: rhsCandidateNode}
+	rhsOp := &Operation{OperationType: referenceOpType, CandidateNode: rhsCandidateNode}
 
 	assignmentOpNode := &ExpressionNode{
 		Operation: assignmentOp,

pkg/yqlib/decoder_test.go

@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ type formatScenario struct {
 	subdescription string
 	skipDoc        bool
 	scenarioType   string
+	expectedError  string
 }
 
-func processFormatScenario(s formatScenario, decoder Decoder, encoder Encoder) string {
-
+func processFormatScenario(s formatScenario, decoder Decoder, encoder Encoder) (string, error) {
 	var output bytes.Buffer
 	writer := bufio.NewWriter(&output)
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ func processFormatScenario(s formatScenario, decoder Decoder, encoder Encoder) s
 
 	inputs, err := readDocuments(strings.NewReader(s.input), "sample.yml", 0, decoder)
 	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
+		return "", err
 	}
 
 	expression := s.expression
@@ -39,22 +39,31 @@ func processFormatScenario(s formatScenario, decoder Decoder, encoder Encoder) s
 	exp, err := getExpressionParser().ParseExpression(expression)
 
 	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
+		return "", err
 	}
 
 	context, err := NewDataTreeNavigator().GetMatchingNodes(Context{MatchingNodes: inputs}, exp)
 
 	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
+		return "", err
 	}
 
 	printer := NewPrinter(encoder, NewSinglePrinterWriter(writer))
 	err = printer.PrintResults(context.MatchingNodes)
 	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
+		return "", err
 	}
 	writer.Flush()
 
-	return output.String()
+	return output.String(), nil
+}
+
+func mustProcessFormatScenario(s formatScenario, decoder Decoder, encoder Encoder) string {
+
+	result, err := processFormatScenario(s, decoder, encoder)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return result
 
 }

pkg/yqlib/decoder_uri.go

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package yqlib
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"io"
+	"net/url"
+
+	yaml "gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+)
+
+type uriDecoder struct {
+	reader       io.Reader
+	finished     bool
+	readAnything bool
+}
+
+func NewUriDecoder() Decoder {
+	return &uriDecoder{finished: false}
+}
+
+func (dec *uriDecoder) Init(reader io.Reader) error {
+	dec.reader = reader
+	dec.readAnything = false
+	dec.finished = false
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (dec *uriDecoder) Decode() (*CandidateNode, error) {
+	if dec.finished {
+		return nil, io.EOF
+	}
+
+	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
+
+	if _, err := buf.ReadFrom(dec.reader); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if buf.Len() == 0 {
+		dec.finished = true
+
+		// if we've read _only_ an empty string, lets return that
+		// otherwise if we've already read some bytes, and now we get
+		// an empty string, then we are done.
+		if dec.readAnything {
+			return nil, io.EOF
+		}
+	}
+	newValue, err := url.QueryUnescape(buf.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	dec.readAnything = true
+	return &CandidateNode{
+		Node: &yaml.Node{
+			Kind:  yaml.ScalarNode,
+			Tag:   "!!str",
+			Value: newValue,
+		},
+	}, nil
+}

pkg/yqlib/decoder_xml.go

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
+//go:build !yq_noxml
+
 package yqlib
 
 import (
 	"encoding/xml"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"unicode"
 
@@ -45,23 +49,33 @@ func (dec *xmlDecoder) createSequence(nodes []*xmlNode) (*yaml.Node, error) {
 	return yamlNode, nil
 }
 
+var decoderCommentPrefix = regexp.MustCompile(`(^|\n)([[:alpha:]])`)
+
 func (dec *xmlDecoder) processComment(c string) string {
 	if c == "" {
 		return ""
 	}
-	return "#" + strings.TrimRight(c, " ")
+	//need to replace "cat " with "# cat"
+	// "\ncat\n" with "\n cat\n"
+	// ensure non-empty comments starting with newline have a space in front
+
+	replacement := decoderCommentPrefix.ReplaceAllString(c, "$1 $2")
+	replacement = "#" + strings.ReplaceAll(strings.TrimRight(replacement, " "), "\n", "\n#")
+	return replacement
 }
 
 func (dec *xmlDecoder) createMap(n *xmlNode) (*yaml.Node, error) {
-	log.Debug("createMap: headC: %v, footC: %v", n.HeadComment, n.FootComment)
+	log.Debug("createMap: headC: %v, lineC: %v, footC: %v", n.HeadComment, n.LineComment, n.FootComment)
 	yamlNode := &yaml.Node{Kind: yaml.MappingNode, Tag: "!!map"}
 
 	if len(n.Data) > 0 {
+		log.Debugf("creating content node for map: %v", dec.prefs.ContentName)
 		label := dec.prefs.ContentName
 		labelNode := createScalarNode(label, label)
 		labelNode.HeadComment = dec.processComment(n.HeadComment)
+		labelNode.LineComment = dec.processComment(n.LineComment)
 		labelNode.FootComment = dec.processComment(n.FootComment)
-		yamlNode.Content = append(yamlNode.Content, labelNode, createScalarNode(n.Data, n.Data))
+		yamlNode.Content = append(yamlNode.Content, labelNode, dec.createValueNodeFromData(n.Data))
 	}
 
 	for i, keyValuePair := range n.Children {
@@ -72,10 +86,11 @@ func (dec *xmlDecoder) createMap(n *xmlNode) (*yaml.Node, error) {
 		var err error
 
 		if i == 0 {
+			log.Debugf("head comment here")
 			labelNode.HeadComment = dec.processComment(n.HeadComment)
 
 		}
-
+		log.Debugf("label=%v, i=%v, keyValuePair.FootComment: %v", label, i, keyValuePair.FootComment)
 		labelNode.FootComment = dec.processComment(keyValuePair.FootComment)
 
 		log.Debug("len of children in %v is %v", label, len(children))
@@ -89,8 +104,16 @@ func (dec *xmlDecoder) createMap(n *xmlNode) (*yaml.Node, error) {
 			// if the value is a scalar, the head comment of the scalar needs to go on the key?
 			// add tests for <z/> as well as multiple <ds> of inputXmlWithComments > yaml
 			if len(children[0].Children) == 0 && children[0].HeadComment != "" {
-				labelNode.HeadComment = labelNode.HeadComment + "\n" + strings.TrimSpace(children[0].HeadComment)
-				children[0].HeadComment = ""
+				if len(children[0].Data) > 0 {
+
+					log.Debug("scalar comment hack, currentlabel [%v]", labelNode.HeadComment)
+					labelNode.HeadComment = joinComments([]string{labelNode.HeadComment, strings.TrimSpace(children[0].HeadComment)}, "\n")
+					children[0].HeadComment = ""
+				} else {
+					// child is null, put the headComment as a linecomment for reasons
+					children[0].LineComment = children[0].HeadComment
+					children[0].HeadComment = ""
+				}
 			}
 			valueNode, err = dec.convertToYamlNode(children[0])
 			if err != nil {
@@ -103,17 +126,40 @@ func (dec *xmlDecoder) createMap(n *xmlNode) (*yaml.Node, error) {
 	return yamlNode, nil
 }
 
+func (dec *xmlDecoder) createValueNodeFromData(values []string) *yaml.Node {
+	switch len(values) {
+	case 0:
+		return createScalarNode(nil, "")
+	case 1:
+		return createScalarNode(values[0], values[0])
+	default:
+		content := make([]*yaml.Node, 0)
+		for _, value := range values {
+			content = append(content, createScalarNode(value, value))
+		}
+		return &yaml.Node{
+			Kind:    yaml.SequenceNode,
+			Tag:     "!!seq",
+			Content: content,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func (dec *xmlDecoder) convertToYamlNode(n *xmlNode) (*yaml.Node, error) {
 	if len(n.Children) > 0 {
 		return dec.createMap(n)
 	}
-	scalar := createScalarNode(n.Data, n.Data)
-	if n.Data == "" {
-		scalar = createScalarNode(nil, "")
-	}
-	log.Debug("scalar headC: %v, footC: %v", n.HeadComment, n.FootComment)
+
+	scalar := dec.createValueNodeFromData(n.Data)
+
+	log.Debug("scalar (%v), headC: %v, lineC: %v, footC: %v", scalar.Tag, n.HeadComment, n.LineComment, n.FootComment)
 	scalar.HeadComment = dec.processComment(n.HeadComment)
 	scalar.LineComment = dec.processComment(n.LineComment)
+	if scalar.Tag == "!!seq" {
+		scalar.Content[0].HeadComment = scalar.LineComment
+		scalar.LineComment = ""
+	}
+
 	scalar.FootComment = dec.processComment(n.FootComment)
 
 	return scalar, nil
@@ -156,7 +202,7 @@ type xmlNode struct {
 	HeadComment string
 	FootComment string
 	LineComment string
-	Data        string
+	Data        []string
 }
 
 type xmlChildrenKv struct {
@@ -201,6 +247,8 @@ func (dec *xmlDecoder) decodeXML(root *xmlNode) error {
 	// That will convert the charset if the provided XML is non-UTF-8
 	xmlDec.CharsetReader = charset.NewReaderLabel
 
+	started := false
+
 	// Create first element from the root node
 	elem := &element{
 		parent: nil,
@@ -241,12 +289,18 @@ func (dec *xmlDecoder) decodeXML(root *xmlNode) error {
 						a.Name.Local = a.Name.Space + ":" + a.Name.Local
 					}
 				}
-				elem.n.AddChild(dec.prefs.AttributePrefix+a.Name.Local, &xmlNode{Data: a.Value})
+				elem.n.AddChild(dec.prefs.AttributePrefix+a.Name.Local, &xmlNode{Data: []string{a.Value}})
 			}
 		case xml.CharData:
+
 			// Extract XML data (if any)
-			elem.n.Data = trimNonGraphic(string(se))
-			if elem.n.Data != "" {
+			newBit := trimNonGraphic(string(se))
+			if !started && len(newBit) > 0 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("invalid XML: Encountered chardata [%v] outside of XML node", newBit)
+			}
+
+			if len(newBit) > 0 {
+				elem.n.Data = append(elem.n.Data, newBit)
 				elem.state = "chardata"
 				log.Debug("chardata [%v] for %v", elem.n.Data, elem.label)
 			}
@@ -268,21 +322,22 @@ func (dec *xmlDecoder) decodeXML(root *xmlNode) error {
 
 			} else if elem.state == "chardata" {
 				log.Debug("got a line comment for (%v) %v: [%v]", elem.state, elem.label, commentStr)
-				elem.n.LineComment = joinFilter([]string{elem.n.LineComment, commentStr})
+				elem.n.LineComment = joinComments([]string{elem.n.LineComment, commentStr}, " ")
 			} else {
 				log.Debug("got a head comment for (%v) %v: [%v]", elem.state, elem.label, commentStr)
-				elem.n.HeadComment = joinFilter([]string{elem.n.HeadComment, commentStr})
+				elem.n.HeadComment = joinComments([]string{elem.n.HeadComment, commentStr}, " ")
 			}
 
 		case xml.ProcInst:
 			if !dec.prefs.SkipProcInst {
-				elem.n.AddChild(dec.prefs.ProcInstPrefix+se.Target, &xmlNode{Data: string(se.Inst)})
+				elem.n.AddChild(dec.prefs.ProcInstPrefix+se.Target, &xmlNode{Data: []string{string(se.Inst)}})
 			}
 		case xml.Directive:
 			if !dec.prefs.SkipDirectives {
-				elem.n.AddChild(dec.prefs.DirectiveName, &xmlNode{Data: string(se)})
+				elem.n.AddChild(dec.prefs.DirectiveName, &xmlNode{Data: []string{string(se)}})
 			}
 		}
+		started = true
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -294,22 +349,28 @@ func applyFootComment(elem *element, commentStr string) {
 	if len(elem.n.Children) > 0 {
 		lastChildIndex := len(elem.n.Children) - 1
 		childKv := elem.n.Children[lastChildIndex]
-		log.Debug("got a foot comment for %v: [%v]", childKv.K, commentStr)
-		childKv.FootComment = joinFilter([]string{elem.n.FootComment, commentStr})
+		log.Debug("got a foot comment, putting on last child for %v: [%v]", childKv.K, commentStr)
+		// if it's an array of scalars, put the foot comment on the scalar itself
+		if len(childKv.V) > 0 && len(childKv.V[0].Children) == 0 {
+			nodeToUpdate := childKv.V[len(childKv.V)-1]
+			nodeToUpdate.FootComment = joinComments([]string{nodeToUpdate.FootComment, commentStr}, " ")
+		} else {
+			childKv.FootComment = joinComments([]string{elem.n.FootComment, commentStr}, " ")
+		}
 	} else {
 		log.Debug("got a foot comment for %v: [%v]", elem.label, commentStr)
-		elem.n.FootComment = joinFilter([]string{elem.n.FootComment, commentStr})
+		elem.n.FootComment = joinComments([]string{elem.n.FootComment, commentStr}, " ")
 	}
 }
 
-func joinFilter(rawStrings []string) string {
+func joinComments(rawStrings []string, joinStr string) string {
 	stringsToJoin := make([]string, 0)
 	for _, str := range rawStrings {
 		if str != "" {
 			stringsToJoin = append(stringsToJoin, str)
 		}
 	}
-	return strings.Join(stringsToJoin, " ")
+	return strings.Join(stringsToJoin, joinStr)
 }
 
 // trimNonGraphic returns a slice of the string s, with all leading and trailing

pkg/yqlib/decoder_yaml.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package yqlib
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
 	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"regexp"
@@ -12,11 +13,15 @@ import (
 
 type yamlDecoder struct {
 	decoder yaml.Decoder
+
+	prefs YamlPreferences
+
 	// work around of various parsing issues by yaml.v3 with document headers
-	prefs          YamlPreferences
 	leadingContent string
-	readAnything   bool
-	firstFile      bool
+	bufferRead     bytes.Buffer
+
+	readAnything bool
+	firstFile    bool
 }
 
 func NewYamlDecoder(prefs YamlPreferences) Decoder {
@@ -25,6 +30,7 @@ func NewYamlDecoder(prefs YamlPreferences) Decoder {
 
 func (dec *yamlDecoder) processReadStream(reader *bufio.Reader) (io.Reader, string, error) {
 	var commentLineRegEx = regexp.MustCompile(`^\s*#`)
+	var yamlDirectiveLineRegEx = regexp.MustCompile(`^\s*%YA`)
 	var sb strings.Builder
 	for {
 		peekBytes, err := reader.Peek(3)
@@ -33,6 +39,14 @@ func (dec *yamlDecoder) processReadStream(reader *bufio.Reader) (io.Reader, stri
 			return reader, sb.String(), nil
 		} else if err != nil {
 			return reader, sb.String(), err
+		} else if string(peekBytes[0]) == "\n" {
+			_, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
+			sb.WriteString("\n")
+			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+				return reader, sb.String(), nil
+			} else if err != nil {
+				return reader, sb.String(), err
+			}
 		} else if string(peekBytes) == "---" {
 			_, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
 			sb.WriteString("$yqDocSeperator$\n")
@@ -41,7 +55,7 @@ func (dec *yamlDecoder) processReadStream(reader *bufio.Reader) (io.Reader, stri
 			} else if err != nil {
 				return reader, sb.String(), err
 			}
-		} else if commentLineRegEx.MatchString(string(peekBytes)) {
+		} else if commentLineRegEx.MatchString(string(peekBytes)) || yamlDirectiveLineRegEx.MatchString(string(peekBytes)) {
 			line, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
 			sb.WriteString(line)
 			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
@@ -58,6 +72,7 @@ func (dec *yamlDecoder) processReadStream(reader *bufio.Reader) (io.Reader, stri
 func (dec *yamlDecoder) Init(reader io.Reader) error {
 	readerToUse := reader
 	leadingContent := ""
+	dec.bufferRead = bytes.Buffer{}
 	var err error
 	// if we 'evaluating together' - we only process the leading content
 	// of the first file - this ensures comments from subsequent files are
@@ -67,6 +82,12 @@ func (dec *yamlDecoder) Init(reader io.Reader) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+	} else if !dec.prefs.LeadingContentPreProcessing {
+		// if we're not process the leading content
+		// keep a copy of what we've read. This is incase its a
+		// doc with only comments - the decoder will return nothing
+		// then we can read the comments from bufferRead
+		readerToUse = io.TeeReader(reader, &dec.bufferRead)
 	}
 	dec.leadingContent = leadingContent
 	dec.readAnything = false
@@ -77,13 +98,20 @@ func (dec *yamlDecoder) Init(reader io.Reader) error {
 
 func (dec *yamlDecoder) Decode() (*CandidateNode, error) {
 	var dataBucket yaml.Node
-
 	err := dec.decoder.Decode(&dataBucket)
 	if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) && dec.leadingContent != "" && !dec.readAnything {
 		// force returning an empty node with a comment.
 		dec.readAnything = true
 		return dec.blankNodeWithComment(), nil
-
+	} else if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) && !dec.prefs.LeadingContentPreProcessing && !dec.readAnything {
+		// didn't find any yaml,
+		// check the tee buffer, maybe there were comments
+		dec.readAnything = true
+		dec.leadingContent = dec.bufferRead.String()
+		if dec.leadingContent != "" {
+			return dec.blankNodeWithComment(), nil
+		}
+		return nil, err
 	} else if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -96,6 +124,7 @@ func (dec *yamlDecoder) Decode() (*CandidateNode, error) {
 		candidateNode.LeadingContent = dec.leadingContent
 		dec.leadingContent = ""
 	}
+	dec.readAnything = true
 	// move document comments into candidate node
 	// otherwise unwrap drops them.
 	candidateNode.TrailingContent = dataBucket.FootComment

pkg/yqlib/doc/operators/add.md

@@ -86,6 +86,23 @@ will output
 a: ['dog', 'cat']
 ```
 
+## Prepend to existing array
+Given a sample.yml file of:
+```yaml
+a:
+  - dog
+```
+then
+```bash
+yq '.a = ["cat"] + .a' sample.yml
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+a:
+  - cat
+  - dog
+```
+
 ## Add new object to array
 Given a sample.yml file of:
 ```yaml

pkg/yqlib/doc/operators/array-to-map.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Array to Map
+
+Use this operator to convert an array to..a map. The indices are used as map keys, null values in the array are skipped over.
+
+Behind the scenes, this is implemented using reduce:
+
+```
+(.[] | select(. != null) ) as $i ireduce({}; .[$i | key] = $i)
+```
+
+## Simple example
+Given a sample.yml file of:
+```yaml
+cool:
+  - null
+  - null
+  - hello
+```
+then
+```bash
+yq '.cool |= array_to_map' sample.yml
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+cool:
+  2: hello
+```
+

pkg/yqlib/doc/operators/comment-operators.md

@@ -247,6 +247,7 @@ Note the use of `...` to ensure key nodes are included.
 Given a sample.yml file of:
 ```yaml
 # hi
+
 a: cat # comment
 # great
 b: # key comment
@@ -265,6 +266,7 @@ b:
 Given a sample.yml file of:
 ```yaml
 # welcome!
+
 a: cat # meow
 # have a great day
 ```
@@ -293,6 +295,7 @@ yq '. | head_comment' sample.yml
 will output
 ```yaml
 welcome!
+
 ```
 
 ## Head comment with document split

pkg/yqlib/doc/operators/contains.md

@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
 # Contains
 
-This returns `true` if the context contains the passed in parameter, and false otherwise.
+This returns `true` if the context contains the passed in parameter, and false otherwise. For arrays, this will return true if the passed in array is contained within the array. For strings, it will return true if the string is a substring.
+
+{% hint style="warning" %}
+
+_Note_ that, just like jq, when checking if an array of strings `contains` another, this will use `contains` and _not_ equals to check each string. This means an array like `contains(["cat"])` will return true for an array `["cats"]`.
+
+See the "Array has a subset array" example below on how to check for a subset.
+
+{% endhint %}
 
 ## Array contains array
 Array is equal or subset of
@@ -20,6 +28,24 @@ will output
 true
 ```
 
+## Array has a subset array
+Subtract the superset array from the subset, if there's anything left, it's not a subset
+
+Given a sample.yml file of:
+```yaml
+- foobar
+- foobaz
+- blarp
+```
+then
+```bash
+yq '["baz", "bar"] - . | length == 0' sample.yml
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+false
+```
+
 ## Object included in array
 Given a sample.yml file of:
 ```yaml

pkg/yqlib/doc/operators/datetime.md

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ a: 2001-12-15
 ## Format: get the day of the week
 Given a sample.yml file of:
 ```yaml
-a: 2001-12-15T02:59:43.1Z
+a: 2001-12-15
 ```
 then
 ```bash
@@ -86,6 +86,30 @@ a: cool
 updated: 2021-05-19T01:02:03Z
 ```
 
+## From Unix
+Converts from unix time. Note, you don't have to pipe through the tz operator :)
+
+Running
+```bash
+yq --null-input '1675301929 | from_unix | tz("UTC")'
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+2023-02-02T01:38:49Z
+```
+
+## To Unix
+Converts to unix time
+
+Running
+```bash
+yq --null-input 'now | to_unix'
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+1621386123
+```
+
 ## Timezone: from standard RFC3339 format
 Returns a new datetime in the specified timezone. Specify standard IANA Time Zone format or 'utc', 'local'. When given a single parameter, this assumes the datetime is in RFC3339 format.
 

pkg/yqlib/doc/operators/encode-decode.md

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ These operators are useful to process yaml documents that have stringified embed
 | TSV | from_tsv/@tsvd | to_tsv/@tsv |
 | XML | from_xml/@xmld | to_xml(i)/@xml |
 | Base64 | @base64d | @base64 |
+| URI | @urid | @uri |
+| Shell |  | @sh |
 
 
 See CSV and TSV [documentation](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/usage/csv-tsv) for accepted formats.
@@ -337,7 +339,7 @@ Given a sample.yml file of:
 a:
   cool:
     foo: bar
-    +id: hi
+    +@id: hi
 ```
 then
 ```bash
@@ -357,7 +359,7 @@ Given a sample.yml file of:
 a:
   cool:
     foo: bar
-    +id: hi
+    +@id: hi
 ```
 then
 ```bash
@@ -375,7 +377,7 @@ Given a sample.yml file of:
 a:
   cool:
     foo: bar
-    +id: hi
+    +@id: hi
 ```
 then
 ```bash
@@ -435,6 +437,50 @@ will output
 YTogYXBwbGUK
 ```
 
+## Encode a string to uri
+Given a sample.yml file of:
+```yaml
+coolData: this has & special () characters *
+```
+then
+```bash
+yq '.coolData | @uri' sample.yml
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+this+has+%26+special+%28%29+characters+%2A
+```
+
+## Decode a URI to a string
+Given a sample.yml file of:
+```yaml
+this+has+%26+special+%28%29+characters+%2A
+```
+then
+```bash
+yq '@urid' sample.yml
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+this has & special () characters *
+```
+
+## Encode a string to sh
+Sh/Bash friendly string
+
+Given a sample.yml file of:
+```yaml
+coolData: strings with spaces and a 'quote'
+```
+then
+```bash
+yq '.coolData | @sh' sample.yml
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+strings' with spaces and a '\'quote\'
+```
+
 ## Decode a base64 encoded string
 Decoded data is assumed to be a string.
 

pkg/yqlib/doc/operators/headers/array-to-map.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Array to Map
+
+Use this operator to convert an array to..a map. The indices are used as map keys, null values in the array are skipped over.
+
+Behind the scenes, this is implemented using reduce:
+
+```
+(.[] | select(. != null) ) as $i ireduce({}; .[$i | key] = $i)
+```

pkg/yqlib/doc/operators/headers/contains.md

@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
 # Contains
 
-This returns `true` if the context contains the passed in parameter, and false otherwise.
+This returns `true` if the context contains the passed in parameter, and false otherwise. For arrays, this will return true if the passed in array is contained within the array. For strings, it will return true if the string is a substring.
+
+{% hint style="warning" %}
+
+_Note_ that, just like jq, when checking if an array of strings `contains` another, this will use `contains` and _not_ equals to check each string. This means an array like `contains(["cat"])` will return true for an array `["cats"]`.
+
+See the "Array has a subset array" example below on how to check for a subset.
+
+{% endhint %}

pkg/yqlib/doc/operators/headers/encode-decode.md

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ These operators are useful to process yaml documents that have stringified embed
 | TSV | from_tsv/@tsvd | to_tsv/@tsv |
 | XML | from_xml/@xmld | to_xml(i)/@xml |
 | Base64 | @base64d | @base64 |
+| URI | @urid | @uri |
+| Shell |  | @sh |
 
 
 See CSV and TSV [documentation](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/usage/csv-tsv) for accepted formats.

pkg/yqlib/doc/operators/headers/shuffle.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Shuffle
+
+Shuffles an array. Note that this command does _not_ use a cryptographically secure random number generator to randomise the array order.
+

pkg/yqlib/doc/operators/headers/slice-array.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Slice/Splice Array
+
+The slice array operator takes an array as input and returns a subarray. Like the `jq` equivalent, `.[10:15]` will return an array of length 5, starting from index 10 inclusive, up to index 15 exclusive. Negative numbers count backwards from the end of the array.
+
+You may leave out the first or second number, which will will refer to the start or end of the array respectively.

pkg/yqlib/doc/operators/multiply-merge.md

@@ -499,3 +499,43 @@ b: !goat
   dog: woof
 ```
 
+## Merging a null with a map
+Running
+```bash
+yq --null-input 'null * {"some": "thing"}'
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+some: thing
+```
+
+## Merging a map with null
+Running
+```bash
+yq --null-input '{"some": "thing"} * null'
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+some: thing
+```
+
+## Merging an null with an array
+Running
+```bash
+yq --null-input 'null * ["some"]'
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+- some
+```
+
+## Merging an array with null
+Running
+```bash
+yq --null-input '["some"] * null'
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+- some
+```
+

pkg/yqlib/doc/operators/path.md

@@ -122,6 +122,33 @@ a:
   b: things
 ```
 
+## Set path to prune deep paths
+Like pick but recursive. This uses `ireduce` to deeply set the selected paths into an empty object,
+
+Given a sample.yml file of:
+```yaml
+
+parentA: bob
+parentB:
+  child1: i am child1
+  child2: i am child2
+parentC:
+  child1: me child1
+  child2: me child2
+```
+then
+```bash
+yq '(.parentB.child2, .parentC.child1) as $i
+  ireduce({}; setpath($i | path; $i))' sample.yml
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+parentB:
+  child2: i am child2
+parentC:
+  child1: me child1
+```
+
 ## Set array path
 Given a sample.yml file of:
 ```yaml

pkg/yqlib/doc/operators/shuffle.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Shuffle
+
+Shuffles an array. Note that this command does _not_ use a cryptographically secure random number generator to randomise the array order.
+
+
+## Shuffle array
+Given a sample.yml file of:
+```yaml
+- 1
+- 2
+- 3
+- 4
+- 5
+```
+then
+```bash
+yq 'shuffle' sample.yml
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+- 5
+- 2
+- 4
+- 1
+- 3
+```
+
+## Shuffle array in place
+Given a sample.yml file of:
+```yaml
+cool:
+  - 1
+  - 2
+  - 3
+  - 4
+  - 5
+```
+then
+```bash
+yq '.cool |= shuffle' sample.yml
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+cool:
+  - 5
+  - 2
+  - 4
+  - 1
+  - 3
+```
+

pkg/yqlib/doc/operators/slice-array.md

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+# Slice/Splice Array
+
+The slice array operator takes an array as input and returns a subarray. Like the `jq` equivalent, `.[10:15]` will return an array of length 5, starting from index 10 inclusive, up to index 15 exclusive. Negative numbers count backwards from the end of the array.
+
+You may leave out the first or second number, which will will refer to the start or end of the array respectively.
+
+## Slicing arrays
+Given a sample.yml file of:
+```yaml
+- cat
+- dog
+- frog
+- cow
+```
+then
+```bash
+yq '.[1:3]' sample.yml
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+- dog
+- frog
+```
+
+## Slicing arrays - without the first number
+Starts from the start of the array
+
+Given a sample.yml file of:
+```yaml
+- cat
+- dog
+- frog
+- cow
+```
+then
+```bash
+yq '.[:2]' sample.yml
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+- cat
+- dog
+```
+
+## Slicing arrays - without the second number
+Finishes at the end of the array
+
+Given a sample.yml file of:
+```yaml
+- cat
+- dog
+- frog
+- cow
+```
+then
+```bash
+yq '.[2:]' sample.yml
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+- frog
+- cow
+```
+
+## Slicing arrays - use negative numbers to count backwards from the end
+Given a sample.yml file of:
+```yaml
+- cat
+- dog
+- frog
+- cow
+```
+then
+```bash
+yq '.[1:-1]' sample.yml
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+- dog
+- frog
+```
+
+## Inserting into the middle of an array
+using an expression to find the index
+
+Given a sample.yml file of:
+```yaml
+- cat
+- dog
+- frog
+- cow
+```
+then
+```bash
+yq '(.[] | select(. == "dog") | key + 1) as $pos | .[0:($pos)] + ["rabbit"] + .[$pos:]' sample.yml
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+- cat
+- dog
+- rabbit
+- frog
+- cow
+```
+

pkg/yqlib/doc/operators/sort.md

@@ -25,6 +25,28 @@ will output
 - a: cat
 ```
 
+## Sort by multiple fields
+Given a sample.yml file of:
+```yaml
+- a: dog
+- a: cat
+  b: banana
+- a: cat
+  b: apple
+```
+then
+```bash
+yq 'sort_by(.a, .b)' sample.yml
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+- a: cat
+  b: apple
+- a: cat
+  b: banana
+- a: dog
+```
+
 ## Sort descending by string field
 Use sort with reverse to sort in descending order.
 
@@ -135,6 +157,24 @@ will output
 - a: 100
 ```
 
+## Sort by custom date field
+Given a sample.yml file of:
+```yaml
+- a: 12-Jun-2011
+- a: 23-Dec-2010
+- a: 10-Aug-2011
+```
+then
+```bash
+yq 'with_dtf("02-Jan-2006"; sort_by(.a))' sample.yml
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+- a: 23-Dec-2010
+- a: 12-Jun-2011
+- a: 10-Aug-2011
+```
+
 ## Sort, nulls come first
 Given a sample.yml file of:
 ```yaml

pkg/yqlib/doc/usage/properties.md

@@ -149,6 +149,23 @@ person:
         - pizza
 ```
 
+## Decode properties - array should be a map
+If you have a numeric map key in your property files, use array_to_map to convert them to maps.
+
+Given a sample.properties file of:
+```properties
+things.10 = mike
+```
+then
+```bash
+yq -p=props '.things |= array_to_map' sample.properties
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+things:
+    10: mike
+```
+
 ## Roundtrip
 Given a sample.properties file of:
 ```properties

pkg/yqlib/doc/usage/xml.md

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ will output
 ```yaml
 +p_xml: version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
 cat:
-  +legs: "4"
+  +@legs: "4"
   legs: "7"
 ```
 
@@ -149,7 +149,28 @@ will output
 +p_xml: version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
 cat:
   +content: meow
-  +legs: "4"
+  +@legs: "4"
+```
+
+## Parse xml: content split between comments/children
+Multiple content texts are collected into a sequence.
+
+Given a sample.xml file of:
+```xml
+<root>  value  <!-- comment-->anotherValue <a>frog</a> cool!</root>
+```
+then
+```bash
+yq -p=xml '.' sample.xml
+```
+will output
+```yaml
+root:
+  +content: # comment
+    - value
+    - anotherValue
+    - cool!
+  a: frog
 ```
 
 ## Parse xml: custom dtd
@@ -258,55 +279,55 @@ cat:
 ```
 
 ## Parse xml: keep attribute namespace
+Defaults to true
+
 Given a sample.xml file of:
 ```xml
-
 <?xml version="1.0"?>
-<map xmlns="some-namespace" xmlns:xsi="some-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="some-url">
-</map>
+<map xmlns="some-namespace" xmlns:xsi="some-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="some-url"></map>
 
 ```
 then
 ```bash
-yq -p=xml -o=xml --xml-keep-namespace '.' sample.xml
+yq -p=xml -o=xml --xml-keep-namespace=false '.' sample.xml
 ```
 will output
 ```xml
 <?xml version="1.0"?>
-<map xmlns="some-namespace" xmlns:xsi="some-instance" some-instance:schemaLocation="some-url"></map>
-```
-
-instead of
-```xml
-<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<map xmlns="some-namespace" xmlns:xsi="some-instance" some-instance:schemaLocation="some-url"></map>
-```
-
-## Parse xml: keep raw attribute namespace
-Given a sample.xml file of:
-```xml
-
-<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<map xmlns="some-namespace" xmlns:xsi="some-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="some-url">
-</map>
-
-```
-then
-```bash
-yq -p=xml -o=xml --xml-keep-namespace --xml-raw-token '.' sample.xml
-```
-will output
-```xml
-<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<map xmlns="some-namespace" xmlns:xsi="some-instance" some-instance:schemaLocation="some-url"></map>
-```
-
-instead of
-```xml
-<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <map xmlns="some-namespace" xsi="some-instance" schemaLocation="some-url"></map>
 ```
 
+instead of
+```xml
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<map xmlns="some-namespace" xmlns:xsi="some-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="some-url"></map>
+```
+
+## Parse xml: keep raw attribute namespace
+Defaults to true
+
+Given a sample.xml file of:
+```xml
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<map xmlns="some-namespace" xmlns:xsi="some-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="some-url"></map>
+
+```
+then
+```bash
+yq -p=xml -o=xml --xml-raw-token=false '.' sample.xml
+```
+will output
+```xml
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<map xmlns="some-namespace" xmlns:xsi="some-instance" some-instance:schemaLocation="some-url"></map>
+```
+
+instead of
+```xml
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<map xmlns="some-namespace" xmlns:xsi="some-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="some-url"></map>
+```
+
 ## Encode xml: simple
 Given a sample.yml file of:
 ```yaml
@@ -347,7 +368,7 @@ Fields with the matching xml-attribute-prefix are assumed to be attributes.
 Given a sample.yml file of:
 ```yaml
 cat:
-  +name: tiger
+  +@name: tiger
   meows: true
 
 ```
@@ -368,7 +389,7 @@ Fields with the matching xml-content-name is assumed to be content.
 Given a sample.yml file of:
 ```yaml
 cat:
-  +name: tiger
+  +@name: tiger
   +content: cool
 
 ```
@@ -386,8 +407,10 @@ A best attempt is made to copy comments to xml.
 
 Given a sample.yml file of:
 ```yaml
+#
 # header comment
 # above_cat
+#
 cat: # inline_cat
   # above_array
   array: # inline_array
@@ -404,9 +427,11 @@ yq -o=xml '.' sample.yml
 will output
 ```xml
 <!--
- header comment
- above_cat
- --><!-- inline_cat --><cat><!-- above_array inline_array -->
+header comment
+above_cat
+-->
+<!-- inline_cat -->
+<cat><!-- above_array inline_array -->
   <array>val1<!-- inline_val1 --></array>
   <array><!-- above_val2 -->val2<!-- inline_val2 --></array>
 </cat><!-- below_cat -->
@@ -468,7 +493,8 @@ yq -p=xml -o=xml '.' sample.xml
 ```
 will output
 ```xml
-<!-- before cat --><cat><!-- in cat before -->
+<!-- before cat -->
+<cat><!-- in cat before -->
   <x>3<!-- multi
 line comment 
 for x --></x><!-- before y -->

pkg/yqlib/encoder.go

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 package yqlib
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
 	"io"
 
 	yaml "gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
@@ -17,162 +13,17 @@ type Encoder interface {
 	CanHandleAliases() bool
 }
 
-// orderedMap allows to marshal and unmarshal JSON and YAML values keeping the
-// order of keys and values in a map or an object.
-type orderedMap struct {
-	// if this is an object, kv != nil. If this is not an object, kv == nil.
-	kv     []orderedMapKV
-	altVal interface{}
-}
+func mapKeysToStrings(node *yaml.Node) {
 
-type orderedMapKV struct {
-	K string
-	V orderedMap
-}
-
-func (o *orderedMap) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
-	switch data[0] {
-	case '{':
-		// initialise so that even if the object is empty it is not nil
-		o.kv = []orderedMapKV{}
-
-		// create decoder
-		dec := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(data))
-		_, err := dec.Token() // open object
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		// cycle through k/v
-		var tok json.Token
-		for tok, err = dec.Token(); !errors.Is(err, io.EOF); tok, err = dec.Token() {
-			// we can expect two types: string or Delim. Delim automatically means
-			// that it is the closing bracket of the object, whereas string means
-			// that there is another key.
-			if _, ok := tok.(json.Delim); ok {
-				break
+	if node.Kind == yaml.MappingNode {
+		for index, child := range node.Content {
+			if index%2 == 0 { // its a map key
+				child.Tag = "!!str"
 			}
-			kv := orderedMapKV{
-				K: tok.(string),
-			}
-			if err := dec.Decode(&kv.V); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			o.kv = append(o.kv, kv)
 		}
-		// unexpected error
-		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-			return err
-		}
-		return nil
-	case '[':
-		var res []*orderedMap
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &res); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		o.altVal = res
-		o.kv = nil
-		return nil
 	}
 
-	return json.Unmarshal(data, &o.altVal)
-}
-
-func (o orderedMap) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
-	enc := json.NewEncoder(buf)
-	enc.SetEscapeHTML(false) // do not escape html chars e.g. &, <, >
-	if o.kv == nil {
-		if err := enc.Encode(o.altVal); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return buf.Bytes(), nil
-	}
-	buf.WriteByte('{')
-	for idx, el := range o.kv {
-		if err := enc.Encode(el.K); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		buf.WriteByte(':')
-		if err := enc.Encode(el.V); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		if idx != len(o.kv)-1 {
-			buf.WriteByte(',')
-		}
-	}
-	buf.WriteByte('}')
-	return buf.Bytes(), nil
-}
-
-func (o *orderedMap) UnmarshalYAML(node *yaml.Node) error {
-	switch node.Kind {
-	case yaml.DocumentNode:
-		if len(node.Content) == 0 {
-			return nil
-		}
-		return o.UnmarshalYAML(node.Content[0])
-	case yaml.AliasNode:
-		return o.UnmarshalYAML(node.Alias)
-	case yaml.ScalarNode:
-		return node.Decode(&o.altVal)
-	case yaml.MappingNode:
-		// set kv to non-nil
-		o.kv = []orderedMapKV{}
-		for i := 0; i < len(node.Content); i += 2 {
-			var key string
-			var val orderedMap
-			if err := node.Content[i].Decode(&key); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if err := node.Content[i+1].Decode(&val); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			o.kv = append(o.kv, orderedMapKV{
-				K: key,
-				V: val,
-			})
-		}
-		return nil
-	case yaml.SequenceNode:
-		// note that this has to be a pointer, so that nulls can be represented.
-		var res []*orderedMap
-		if err := node.Decode(&res); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		o.altVal = res
-		o.kv = nil
-		return nil
-	case 0:
-		// null
-		o.kv = nil
-		o.altVal = nil
-		return nil
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("orderedMap: invalid yaml node")
+	for _, child := range node.Content {
+		mapKeysToStrings(child)
 	}
 }
-
-func (o *orderedMap) MarshalYAML() (interface{}, error) {
-	// fast path: kv is nil, use altVal
-	if o.kv == nil {
-		return o.altVal, nil
-	}
-	content := make([]*yaml.Node, 0, len(o.kv)*2)
-	for _, val := range o.kv {
-		n := new(yaml.Node)
-		if err := n.Encode(val.V); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		content = append(content, &yaml.Node{
-			Kind:  yaml.ScalarNode,
-			Tag:   "!!str",
-			Value: val.K,
-		}, n)
-	}
-	return &yaml.Node{
-		Kind:    yaml.MappingNode,
-		Tag:     "!!map",
-		Content: content,
-	}, nil
-}

pkg/yqlib/encoder_json.go

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build !yq_nojson
+
 package yqlib
 
 import (
@@ -11,31 +13,17 @@ import (
 type jsonEncoder struct {
 	indentString string
 	colorise     bool
+	UnwrapScalar bool
 }
 
-func mapKeysToStrings(node *yaml.Node) {
-
-	if node.Kind == yaml.MappingNode {
-		for index, child := range node.Content {
-			if index%2 == 0 { // its a map key
-				child.Tag = "!!str"
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, child := range node.Content {
-		mapKeysToStrings(child)
-	}
-}
-
-func NewJSONEncoder(indent int, colorise bool) Encoder {
+func NewJSONEncoder(indent int, colorise bool, unwrapScalar bool) Encoder {
 	var indentString = ""
 
 	for index := 0; index < indent; index++ {
 		indentString = indentString + " "
 	}
 
-	return &jsonEncoder{indentString, colorise}
+	return &jsonEncoder{indentString, colorise, unwrapScalar}
 }
 
 func (je *jsonEncoder) CanHandleAliases() bool {
@@ -52,6 +40,10 @@ func (je *jsonEncoder) PrintLeadingContent(writer io.Writer, content string) err
 
 func (je *jsonEncoder) Encode(writer io.Writer, node *yaml.Node) error {
 
+	if node.Kind == yaml.ScalarNode && je.UnwrapScalar {
+		return writeString(writer, node.Value+"\n")
+	}
+
 	destination := writer
 	tempBuffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
 	if je.colorise {

pkg/yqlib/encoder_sh.go

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package yqlib
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	yaml "gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+)
+
+var unsafeChars = regexp.MustCompile(`[^\w@%+=:,./-]`)
+
+type shEncoder struct {
+	quoteAll bool
+}
+
+func NewShEncoder() Encoder {
+	return &shEncoder{false}
+}
+
+func (e *shEncoder) CanHandleAliases() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func (e *shEncoder) PrintDocumentSeparator(writer io.Writer) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (e *shEncoder) PrintLeadingContent(writer io.Writer, content string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (e *shEncoder) Encode(writer io.Writer, originalNode *yaml.Node) error {
+	node := unwrapDoc(originalNode)
+	if guessTagFromCustomType(node) != "!!str" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot encode %v as URI, can only operate on strings. Please first pipe through another encoding operator to convert the value to a string", node.Tag)
+	}
+
+	return writeString(writer, e.encode(originalNode.Value))
+}
+
+// put any (shell-unsafe) characters into a single-quoted block, close the block lazily
+func (e *shEncoder) encode(input string) string {
+	const quote = '\''
+	var inQuoteBlock = false
+	var encoded strings.Builder
+	encoded.Grow(len(input))
+
+	for _, ir := range input {
+		// open or close a single-quote block
+		if ir == quote {
+			if inQuoteBlock {
+				// get out of a quote block for an input quote
+				encoded.WriteRune(quote)
+				inQuoteBlock = !inQuoteBlock
+			}
+			// escape the quote with a backslash
+			encoded.WriteRune('\\')
+		} else {
+			if e.shouldQuote(ir) && !inQuoteBlock {
+				// start a quote block for any (unsafe) characters
+				encoded.WriteRune(quote)
+				inQuoteBlock = !inQuoteBlock
+			}
+		}
+		// pass on the input character
+		encoded.WriteRune(ir)
+	}
+	// close any pending quote block
+	if inQuoteBlock {
+		encoded.WriteRune(quote)
+	}
+	return encoded.String()
+}
+
+func (e *shEncoder) shouldQuote(ir rune) bool {
+	return e.quoteAll || unsafeChars.MatchString(string(ir))
+}

pkg/yqlib/encoder_test.go

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build !yq_nojson
+
 package yqlib
 
 import (
@@ -13,7 +15,7 @@ func yamlToJSON(sampleYaml string, indent int) string {
 	var output bytes.Buffer
 	writer := bufio.NewWriter(&output)
 
-	var jsonEncoder = NewJSONEncoder(indent, false)
+	var jsonEncoder = NewJSONEncoder(indent, false, false)
 	inputs, err := readDocuments(strings.NewReader(sampleYaml), "sample.yml", 0, NewYamlDecoder(ConfiguredYamlPreferences))
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)

pkg/yqlib/encoder_uri.go

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package yqlib
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/url"
+
+	yaml "gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+)
+
+type uriEncoder struct {
+}
+
+func NewUriEncoder() Encoder {
+	return &uriEncoder{}
+}
+
+func (e *uriEncoder) CanHandleAliases() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func (e *uriEncoder) PrintDocumentSeparator(writer io.Writer) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (e *uriEncoder) PrintLeadingContent(writer io.Writer, content string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (e *uriEncoder) Encode(writer io.Writer, originalNode *yaml.Node) error {
+	node := unwrapDoc(originalNode)
+	if guessTagFromCustomType(node) != "!!str" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot encode %v as URI, can only operate on strings. Please first pipe through another encoding operator to convert the value to a string", node.Tag)
+	}
+	_, err := writer.Write([]byte(url.QueryEscape(originalNode.Value)))
+	return err
+}

pkg/yqlib/encoder_xml.go

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build !yq_noxml
+
 package yqlib
 
 import (
@@ -17,8 +19,6 @@ type xmlEncoder struct {
 	leadingContent string
 }
 
-var commentPrefix = regexp.MustCompile(`(^|\n)\s*#`)
-
 func NewXMLEncoder(indent int, prefs XmlPreferences) Encoder {
 	var indentString = ""
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func (e *xmlEncoder) PrintDocumentSeparator(writer io.Writer) error {
 }
 
 func (e *xmlEncoder) PrintLeadingContent(writer io.Writer, content string) error {
-	e.leadingContent = commentPrefix.ReplaceAllString(content, "\n")
+	e.leadingContent = content
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -46,12 +46,39 @@ func (e *xmlEncoder) Encode(writer io.Writer, node *yaml.Node) error {
 	// hack so we can manually add newlines to procInst and directives
 	e.writer = writer
 	encoder.Indent("", e.indentString)
+	var newLine xml.CharData = []byte("\n")
+
+	mapNode := unwrapDoc(node)
+	if mapNode.Tag == "!!map" {
+		// make sure <?xml .. ?> processing instructions are encoded first
+		for i := 0; i < len(mapNode.Content); i += 2 {
+			key := mapNode.Content[i]
+			value := mapNode.Content[i+1]
+
+			if key.Value == (e.prefs.ProcInstPrefix + "xml") {
+				name := strings.Replace(key.Value, e.prefs.ProcInstPrefix, "", 1)
+				procInst := xml.ProcInst{Target: name, Inst: []byte(value.Value)}
+				if err := encoder.EncodeToken(procInst); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				if _, err := e.writer.Write([]byte("\n")); err != nil {
+					log.Warning("Unable to write newline, skipping: %w", err)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
 
 	if e.leadingContent != "" {
+
+		// remove first and last newlines if present
 		err := e.encodeComment(encoder, e.leadingContent)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		err = encoder.EncodeToken(newLine)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 
 	switch node.Kind {
@@ -65,7 +92,11 @@ func (e *xmlEncoder) Encode(writer io.Writer, node *yaml.Node) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		err = e.encodeTopLevelMap(encoder, unwrapDoc(node))
+		unwrappedNode := unwrapDoc(node)
+		if unwrappedNode.Kind != yaml.MappingNode {
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot encode %v to XML - only maps can be encoded", unwrappedNode.Tag)
+		}
+		err = e.encodeTopLevelMap(encoder, unwrappedNode)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -83,29 +114,12 @@ func (e *xmlEncoder) Encode(writer io.Writer, node *yaml.Node) error {
 	default:
 		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported type %v", node.Tag)
 	}
-	var charData xml.CharData = []byte("\n")
-	return encoder.EncodeToken(charData)
+
+	return encoder.EncodeToken(newLine)
 
 }
 
 func (e *xmlEncoder) encodeTopLevelMap(encoder *xml.Encoder, node *yaml.Node) error {
-	// make sure <?xml .. ?> processing instructions are encoded first
-	for i := 0; i < len(node.Content); i += 2 {
-		key := node.Content[i]
-		value := node.Content[i+1]
-
-		if key.Value == (e.prefs.ProcInstPrefix + "xml") {
-			name := strings.Replace(key.Value, e.prefs.ProcInstPrefix, "", 1)
-			procInst := xml.ProcInst{Target: name, Inst: []byte(value.Value)}
-			if err := encoder.EncodeToken(procInst); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if _, err := e.writer.Write([]byte("\n")); err != nil {
-				log.Warning("Unable to write newline, skipping: %w", err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
 	err := e.encodeComment(encoder, headAndLineComment(node))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -120,6 +134,13 @@ func (e *xmlEncoder) encodeTopLevelMap(encoder *xml.Encoder, node *yaml.Node) er
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		if headAndLineComment(key) != "" {
+			var newLine xml.CharData = []byte("\n")
+			err = encoder.EncodeToken(newLine)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
 
 		if key.Value == (e.prefs.ProcInstPrefix + "xml") {
 			// dont double process these.
@@ -200,13 +221,34 @@ func (e *xmlEncoder) doEncode(encoder *xml.Encoder, node *yaml.Node, start xml.S
 	return fmt.Errorf("unsupported type %v", node.Tag)
 }
 
+var xmlEncodeMultilineCommentRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`(^|\n) *# ?(.*)`)
+var xmlEncodeSingleLineCommentRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^\s*#(.*)\n?`)
+var chompRegexp = regexp.MustCompile(`\n$`)
+
 func (e *xmlEncoder) encodeComment(encoder *xml.Encoder, commentStr string) error {
 	if commentStr != "" {
-		log.Debugf("encoding comment %v", commentStr)
-		if !strings.HasSuffix(commentStr, " ") {
-			commentStr = commentStr + " "
+		log.Debugf("got comment [%v]", commentStr)
+		// multi line string
+		if len(commentStr) > 2 && strings.Contains(commentStr[1:len(commentStr)-1], "\n") {
+			commentStr = chompRegexp.ReplaceAllString(commentStr, "")
+			log.Debugf("chompRegexp [%v]", commentStr)
+			commentStr = xmlEncodeMultilineCommentRegex.ReplaceAllString(commentStr, "$1$2")
+			log.Debugf("processed multine [%v]", commentStr)
+			// if the first line is non blank, add a space
+			if commentStr[0] != '\n' && commentStr[0] != ' ' {
+				commentStr = " " + commentStr
+			}
+
+		} else {
+			commentStr = xmlEncodeSingleLineCommentRegex.ReplaceAllString(commentStr, "$1")
 		}
 
+		if !strings.HasSuffix(commentStr, " ") && !strings.HasSuffix(commentStr, "\n") {
+			commentStr = commentStr + " "
+			log.Debugf("added suffix [%v]", commentStr)
+		}
+		log.Debugf("encoding comment [%v]", commentStr)
+
 		var comment xml.Comment = []byte(commentStr)
 		err := encoder.EncodeToken(comment)
 		if err != nil {

pkg/yqlib/json_test.go

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build !yq_nojson
+
 package yqlib
 
 import (
@@ -78,12 +80,27 @@ const roundTripMultiLineJson = `{
 `
 
 var jsonScenarios = []formatScenario{
+	{
+		description:  "set tags",
+		skipDoc:      true,
+		input:        "[{}]",
+		expression:   `[.. | type]`,
+		scenarioType: "roundtrip-ndjson",
+		expected:     "[\"!!seq\",\"!!map\"]\n",
+	},
 	{
 		description:    "Parse json: simple",
 		subdescription: "JSON is a subset of yaml, so all you need to do is prettify the output",
 		input:          `{"cat": "meow"}`,
 		expected:       "D0, P[], (!!map)::cat: meow\n",
 	},
+	{
+		description:   "bad json",
+		skipDoc:       true,
+		input:         `{"a": 1 "b": 2}`,
+		expectedError: `bad file 'sample.yml': invalid character '"' after object key:value pair`,
+		scenarioType:  "decode-error",
+	},
 	{
 		description:    "Parse json: complex",
 		subdescription: "JSON is a subset of yaml, so all you need to do is prettify the output",
@@ -237,7 +254,7 @@ func documentRoundtripNdJsonScenario(w *bufio.Writer, s formatScenario, indent i
 
 	writeOrPanic(w, "will output\n")
 
-	writeOrPanic(w, fmt.Sprintf("```yaml\n%v```\n\n", processFormatScenario(s, NewJSONDecoder(), NewJSONEncoder(indent, false))))
+	writeOrPanic(w, fmt.Sprintf("```yaml\n%v```\n\n", mustProcessFormatScenario(s, NewJSONDecoder(), NewJSONEncoder(indent, false, false))))
 }
 
 func documentDecodeNdJsonScenario(w *bufio.Writer, s formatScenario) {
@@ -262,7 +279,7 @@ func documentDecodeNdJsonScenario(w *bufio.Writer, s formatScenario) {
 
 	writeOrPanic(w, "will output\n")
 
-	writeOrPanic(w, fmt.Sprintf("```yaml\n%v```\n\n", processFormatScenario(s, NewJSONDecoder(), NewYamlEncoder(s.indent, false, ConfiguredYamlPreferences))))
+	writeOrPanic(w, fmt.Sprintf("```yaml\n%v```\n\n", mustProcessFormatScenario(s, NewJSONDecoder(), NewYamlEncoder(s.indent, false, ConfiguredYamlPreferences))))
 }
 
 func decodeJSON(t *testing.T, jsonString string) *CandidateNode {
@@ -293,17 +310,23 @@ func decodeJSON(t *testing.T, jsonString string) *CandidateNode {
 func testJSONScenario(t *testing.T, s formatScenario) {
 	switch s.scenarioType {
 	case "encode", "decode":
-		test.AssertResultWithContext(t, s.expected, processFormatScenario(s, NewYamlDecoder(ConfiguredYamlPreferences), NewJSONEncoder(s.indent, false)), s.description)
+		test.AssertResultWithContext(t, s.expected, mustProcessFormatScenario(s, NewYamlDecoder(ConfiguredYamlPreferences), NewJSONEncoder(s.indent, false, false)), s.description)
 	case "":
 		var actual = resultToString(t, decodeJSON(t, s.input))
 		test.AssertResultWithContext(t, s.expected, actual, s.description)
 	case "decode-ndjson":
-		test.AssertResultWithContext(t, s.expected, processFormatScenario(s, NewJSONDecoder(), NewYamlEncoder(2, false, ConfiguredYamlPreferences)), s.description)
+		test.AssertResultWithContext(t, s.expected, mustProcessFormatScenario(s, NewJSONDecoder(), NewYamlEncoder(2, false, ConfiguredYamlPreferences)), s.description)
 	case "roundtrip-ndjson":
-		test.AssertResultWithContext(t, s.expected, processFormatScenario(s, NewJSONDecoder(), NewJSONEncoder(0, false)), s.description)
+		test.AssertResultWithContext(t, s.expected, mustProcessFormatScenario(s, NewJSONDecoder(), NewJSONEncoder(0, false, false)), s.description)
 	case "roundtrip-multi":
-		test.AssertResultWithContext(t, s.expected, processFormatScenario(s, NewJSONDecoder(), NewJSONEncoder(2, false)), s.description)
-
+		test.AssertResultWithContext(t, s.expected, mustProcessFormatScenario(s, NewJSONDecoder(), NewJSONEncoder(2, false, false)), s.description)
+	case "decode-error":
+		result, err := processFormatScenario(s, NewJSONDecoder(), NewJSONEncoder(2, false, false))
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("Expected error '%v' but it worked: %v", s.expectedError, result)
+		} else {
+			test.AssertResultComplexWithContext(t, s.expectedError, err.Error(), s.description)
+		}
 	default:
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("unhandled scenario type %q", s.scenarioType))
 	}
@@ -385,7 +408,7 @@ func documentJSONEncodeScenario(w *bufio.Writer, s formatScenario) {
 	}
 	writeOrPanic(w, "will output\n")
 
-	writeOrPanic(w, fmt.Sprintf("```json\n%v```\n\n", processFormatScenario(s, NewYamlDecoder(ConfiguredYamlPreferences), NewJSONEncoder(s.indent, false))))
+	writeOrPanic(w, fmt.Sprintf("```json\n%v```\n\n", mustProcessFormatScenario(s, NewYamlDecoder(ConfiguredYamlPreferences), NewJSONEncoder(s.indent, false, false))))
 }
 
 func TestJSONScenarios(t *testing.T) {

pkg/yqlib/lexer.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package yqlib
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"regexp"
-	"strconv"
 )
 
 type expressionTokeniser interface {
@@ -64,11 +63,11 @@ func unwrap(value string) string {
 func extractNumberParameter(value string) (int, error) {
 	parameterParser := regexp.MustCompile(`.*\(([0-9]+)\)`)
 	matches := parameterParser.FindStringSubmatch(value)
-	var indent, errParsingInt = strconv.ParseInt(matches[1], 10, 32)
+	var indent, errParsingInt = parseInt(matches[1])
 	if errParsingInt != nil {
 		return 0, errParsingInt
 	}
-	return int(indent), nil
+	return indent, nil
 }
 
 func hasOptionParameter(value string, option string) bool {
@@ -98,6 +97,10 @@ func postProcessTokens(tokens []*token) []*token {
 	return postProcessedTokens
 }
 
+func tokenIsOpType(token *token, opType *operationType) bool {
+	return token.TokenType == operationToken && token.Operation.OperationType == opType
+}
+
 func handleToken(tokens []*token, index int, postProcessedTokens []*token) (tokensAccum []*token, skipNextToken bool) {
 	skipNextToken = false
 	currentToken := tokens[index]
@@ -121,9 +124,18 @@ func handleToken(tokens []*token, index int, postProcessedTokens []*token) (toke
 
 	}
 
+	if tokenIsOpType(currentToken, createMapOpType) {
+		log.Debugf("tokenIsOpType: createMapOpType")
+		// check the previous token is '[', means we are slice, but dont have a first number
+		if tokens[index-1].TokenType == traverseArrayCollect {
+			log.Debugf("previous token is : traverseArrayOpType")
+			// need to put the number 0 before this token, as that is implied
+			postProcessedTokens = append(postProcessedTokens, &token{TokenType: operationToken, Operation: createValueOperation(0, "0")})
+		}
+	}
+
 	if index != len(tokens)-1 && currentToken.AssignOperation != nil &&
-		tokens[index+1].TokenType == operationToken &&
-		tokens[index+1].Operation.OperationType == assignOpType {
+		tokenIsOpType(tokens[index+1], assignOpType) {
 		log.Debug("  its an update assign")
 		currentToken.Operation = currentToken.AssignOperation
 		currentToken.Operation.UpdateAssign = tokens[index+1].Operation.UpdateAssign
@@ -133,6 +145,17 @@ func handleToken(tokens []*token, index int, postProcessedTokens []*token) (toke
 	log.Debug("  adding token to the fixed list")
 	postProcessedTokens = append(postProcessedTokens, currentToken)
 
+	if tokenIsOpType(currentToken, createMapOpType) {
+		log.Debugf("tokenIsOpType: createMapOpType")
+		// check the next token is ']', means we are slice, but dont have a second number
+		if index != len(tokens)-1 && tokens[index+1].TokenType == closeCollect {
+			log.Debugf("next token is : closeCollect")
+			// need to put the number 0 before this token, as that is implied
+			lengthOp := &Operation{OperationType: lengthOpType}
+			postProcessedTokens = append(postProcessedTokens, &token{TokenType: operationToken, Operation: lengthOp})
+		}
+	}
+
 	if index != len(tokens)-1 &&
 		((currentToken.TokenType == openCollect && tokens[index+1].TokenType == closeCollect) ||
 			(currentToken.TokenType == openCollectObject && tokens[index+1].TokenType == closeCollectObject)) {
@@ -142,7 +165,8 @@ func handleToken(tokens []*token, index int, postProcessedTokens []*token) (toke
 	}
 
 	if index != len(tokens)-1 && currentToken.CheckForPostTraverse &&
-		((tokens[index+1].TokenType == operationToken && (tokens[index+1].Operation.OperationType == traversePathOpType)) ||
+
+		(tokenIsOpType(tokens[index+1], traversePathOpType) ||
 			(tokens[index+1].TokenType == traverseArrayCollect)) {
 		log.Debug("  adding pipe because the next thing is traverse")
 		op := &Operation{OperationType: shortPipeOpType, Value: "PIPE", StringValue: "."}

pkg/yqlib/lexer_participle.go

@@ -45,11 +45,16 @@ var participleYqRules = []*participleYqRule{
 	simpleOp("format_datetime", formatDateTimeOpType),
 	simpleOp("now", nowOpType),
 	simpleOp("tz", tzOpType),
+	simpleOp("from_?unix", fromUnixOpType),
+	simpleOp("to_?unix", toUnixOpType),
 	simpleOp("with_dtf", withDtFormatOpType),
 	simpleOp("error", errorOpType),
+	simpleOp("shuffle", shuffleOpType),
 	simpleOp("sortKeys", sortKeysOpType),
 	simpleOp("sort_?keys", sortKeysOpType),
 
+	{"ArrayToMap", "array_?to_?map", expressionOpToken(`(.[] | select(. != null) ) as $i ireduce({}; .[$i | key] = $i)`), 0},
+
 	{"YamlEncodeWithIndent", `to_?yaml\([0-9]+\)`, encodeParseIndent(YamlOutputFormat), 0},
 	{"XMLEncodeWithIndent", `to_?xml\([0-9]+\)`, encodeParseIndent(XMLOutputFormat), 0},
 	{"JSONEncodeWithIndent", `to_?json\([0-9]+\)`, encodeParseIndent(JSONOutputFormat), 0},
@@ -76,6 +81,10 @@ var participleYqRules = []*participleYqRule{
 	{"Base64d", `@base64d`, decodeOp(Base64InputFormat), 0},
 	{"Base64", `@base64`, encodeWithIndent(Base64OutputFormat, 0), 0},
 
+	{"Urid", `@urid`, decodeOp(UriInputFormat), 0},
+	{"Uri", `@uri`, encodeWithIndent(UriOutputFormat, 0), 0},
+	{"SH", `@sh`, encodeWithIndent(ShOutputFormat, 0), 0},
+
 	{"LoadXML", `load_?xml|xml_?load`, loadOp(NewXMLDecoder(ConfiguredXMLPreferences), false), 0},
 
 	{"LoadBase64", `load_?base64`, loadOp(NewBase64Decoder(), false), 0},
@@ -84,7 +93,7 @@ var participleYqRules = []*participleYqRule{
 
 	{"LoadString", `load_?str|str_?load`, loadOp(nil, true), 0},
 
-	{"LoadYaml", `load`, loadOp(NewYamlDecoder(ConfiguredYamlPreferences), false), 0},
+	{"LoadYaml", `load`, loadOp(NewYamlDecoder(LoadYamlPreferences), false), 0},
 
 	{"SplitDocument", `splitDoc|split_?doc`, opToken(splitDocumentOpType), 0},
 
@@ -286,6 +295,14 @@ func opTokenWithPrefs(opType *operationType, assignOpType *operationType, prefer
 	}
 }
 
+func expressionOpToken(expression string) yqAction {
+	return func(rawToken lexer.Token) (*token, error) {
+		prefs := expressionOpPreferences{expression: expression}
+		expressionOp := &Operation{OperationType: expressionOpType, Preferences: prefs}
+		return &token{TokenType: operationToken, Operation: expressionOp}, nil
+	}
+}
+
 func flattenWithDepth() yqAction {
 	return func(rawToken lexer.Token) (*token, error) {
 		value := rawToken.Value
@@ -342,8 +359,12 @@ func nullValue() yqAction {
 
 func stringValue() yqAction {
 	return func(rawToken lexer.Token) (*token, error) {
+		log.Debug("rawTokenvalue: %v", rawToken.Value)
 		value := unwrap(rawToken.Value)
+		log.Debug("unwrapped: %v", value)
 		value = strings.ReplaceAll(value, "\\\"", "\"")
+		value = strings.ReplaceAll(value, "\\n", "\n")
+		log.Debug("replaced: %v", value)
 		return &token{TokenType: operationToken, Operation: createValueOperation(value, value)}, nil
 	}
 }

pkg/yqlib/lexer_participle_test.go

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/alecthomas/repr"
 	"github.com/mikefarah/yq/v4/test"
-	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+	yaml "gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
 type participleLexerScenario struct {
@@ -14,6 +14,127 @@ type participleLexerScenario struct {
 }
 
 var participleLexerScenarios = []participleLexerScenario{
+	{
+		expression: ".[:3]",
+		tokens: []*token{
+			{
+				TokenType: operationToken,
+				Operation: &Operation{
+					OperationType: selfReferenceOpType,
+					StringValue:   "SELF",
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				TokenType: operationToken,
+				Operation: &Operation{
+					OperationType: traverseArrayOpType,
+					StringValue:   "TRAVERSE_ARRAY",
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				TokenType: openCollect,
+			},
+			{
+				TokenType: operationToken,
+				Operation: &Operation{
+					OperationType: valueOpType,
+					Value:         0,
+					StringValue:   "0",
+					CandidateNode: &CandidateNode{
+						Node: &yaml.Node{
+							Kind:  yaml.ScalarNode,
+							Tag:   "!!int",
+							Value: "0",
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				TokenType: operationToken,
+				Operation: &Operation{
+					OperationType: createMapOpType,
+					Value:         "CREATE_MAP",
+					StringValue:   ":",
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				TokenType: operationToken,
+				Operation: &Operation{
+					OperationType: valueOpType,
+					Value:         int64(3),
+					StringValue:   "3",
+					CandidateNode: &CandidateNode{
+						Node: &yaml.Node{
+							Kind:  yaml.Kind(8),
+							Tag:   "!!int",
+							Value: "3",
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				TokenType:            closeCollect,
+				CheckForPostTraverse: true,
+				Match:                "]",
+			},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		expression: ".[-2:]",
+		tokens: []*token{
+			{
+				TokenType: operationToken,
+				Operation: &Operation{
+					OperationType: selfReferenceOpType,
+					StringValue:   "SELF",
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				TokenType: operationToken,
+				Operation: &Operation{
+					OperationType: traverseArrayOpType,
+					StringValue:   "TRAVERSE_ARRAY",
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				TokenType: openCollect,
+			},
+			{
+				TokenType: operationToken,
+				Operation: &Operation{
+					OperationType: valueOpType,
+					Value:         int64(-2),
+					StringValue:   "-2",
+					CandidateNode: &CandidateNode{
+						Node: &yaml.Node{
+							Kind:  yaml.ScalarNode,
+							Tag:   "!!int",
+							Value: "-2",
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				TokenType: operationToken,
+				Operation: &Operation{
+					OperationType: createMapOpType,
+					Value:         "CREATE_MAP",
+					StringValue:   ":",
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				TokenType: operationToken,
+				Operation: &Operation{
+					OperationType: lengthOpType,
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				TokenType:            closeCollect,
+				CheckForPostTraverse: true,
+				Match:                "]",
+			},
+		},
+	},
 	{
 		expression: ".a",
 		tokens: []*token{
@@ -499,6 +620,27 @@ var participleLexerScenarios = []participleLexerScenario{
 			},
 		},
 	},
+	{
+		expression: `"string with a\n"`,
+		tokens: []*token{
+			{
+				TokenType: operationToken,
+				Operation: &Operation{
+					OperationType: valueOpType,
+					Value:         "string with a\n",
+					StringValue:   "string with a\n",
+					Preferences:   nil,
+					CandidateNode: &CandidateNode{
+						Node: &yaml.Node{
+							Kind:  yaml.ScalarNode,
+							Tag:   "!!str",
+							Value: "string with a\n",
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	},
 	{
 		expression: `"string with a \""`,
 		tokens: []*token{

pkg/yqlib/lib.go

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ var subtractAssignOpType = &operationType{Type: "SUBTRACT_ASSIGN", NumArgs: 2, P
 
 var assignAttributesOpType = &operationType{Type: "ASSIGN_ATTRIBUTES", NumArgs: 2, Precedence: 40, Handler: assignAttributesOperator}
 var assignStyleOpType = &operationType{Type: "ASSIGN_STYLE", NumArgs: 2, Precedence: 40, Handler: assignStyleOperator}
-var assignVariableOpType = &operationType{Type: "ASSIGN_VARIABLE", NumArgs: 2, Precedence: 40, Handler: assignVariableOperator}
+var assignVariableOpType = &operationType{Type: "ASSIGN_VARIABLE", NumArgs: 2, Precedence: 40, Handler: useWithPipe}
 var assignTagOpType = &operationType{Type: "ASSIGN_TAG", NumArgs: 2, Precedence: 40, Handler: assignTagOperator}
 var assignCommentOpType = &operationType{Type: "ASSIGN_COMMENT", NumArgs: 2, Precedence: 40, Handler: assignCommentsOperator}
 var assignAnchorOpType = &operationType{Type: "ASSIGN_ANCHOR", NumArgs: 2, Precedence: 40, Handler: assignAnchorOperator}
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ var lengthOpType = &operationType{Type: "LENGTH", NumArgs: 0, Precedence: 50, Ha
 var lineOpType = &operationType{Type: "LINE", NumArgs: 0, Precedence: 50, Handler: lineOperator}
 var columnOpType = &operationType{Type: "LINE", NumArgs: 0, Precedence: 50, Handler: columnOperator}
 
+var expressionOpType = &operationType{Type: "EXP", NumArgs: 0, Precedence: 50, Handler: expressionOperator}
+
 var collectOpType = &operationType{Type: "COLLECT", NumArgs: 1, Precedence: 50, Handler: collectOperator}
 var mapOpType = &operationType{Type: "MAP", NumArgs: 1, Precedence: 50, Handler: mapOperator}
 var errorOpType = &operationType{Type: "ERROR", NumArgs: 1, Precedence: 50, Handler: errorOperator}
@@ -91,6 +93,8 @@ var formatDateTimeOpType = &operationType{Type: "FORMAT_DATE_TIME", NumArgs: 1,
 var withDtFormatOpType = &operationType{Type: "WITH_DATE_TIME_FORMAT", NumArgs: 1, Precedence: 50, Handler: withDateTimeFormat}
 var nowOpType = &operationType{Type: "NOW", NumArgs: 0, Precedence: 50, Handler: nowOp}
 var tzOpType = &operationType{Type: "TIMEZONE", NumArgs: 1, Precedence: 50, Handler: tzOp}
+var fromUnixOpType = &operationType{Type: "FROM_UNIX", NumArgs: 0, Precedence: 50, Handler: fromUnixOp}
+var toUnixOpType = &operationType{Type: "TO_UNIX", NumArgs: 0, Precedence: 50, Handler: toUnixOp}
 
 var encodeOpType = &operationType{Type: "ENCODE", NumArgs: 0, Precedence: 50, Handler: encodeOperator}
 var decodeOpType = &operationType{Type: "DECODE", NumArgs: 0, Precedence: 50, Handler: decodeOperator}
@@ -131,6 +135,7 @@ var explodeOpType = &operationType{Type: "EXPLODE", NumArgs: 1, Precedence: 50,
 var sortByOpType = &operationType{Type: "SORT_BY", NumArgs: 1, Precedence: 50, Handler: sortByOperator}
 var reverseOpType = &operationType{Type: "REVERSE", NumArgs: 0, Precedence: 50, Handler: reverseOperator}
 var sortOpType = &operationType{Type: "SORT", NumArgs: 0, Precedence: 50, Handler: sortOperator}
+var shuffleOpType = &operationType{Type: "SHUFFLE", NumArgs: 0, Precedence: 50, Handler: shuffleOperator}
 
 var sortKeysOpType = &operationType{Type: "SORT_KEYS", NumArgs: 1, Precedence: 50, Handler: sortKeysOperator}
 
@@ -153,6 +158,7 @@ var traverseArrayOpType = &operationType{Type: "TRAVERSE_ARRAY", NumArgs: 2, Pre
 
 var selfReferenceOpType = &operationType{Type: "SELF", NumArgs: 0, Precedence: 55, Handler: selfOperator}
 var valueOpType = &operationType{Type: "VALUE", NumArgs: 0, Precedence: 50, Handler: valueOperator}
+var referenceOpType = &operationType{Type: "REF", NumArgs: 0, Precedence: 50, Handler: referenceOperator}
 var envOpType = &operationType{Type: "ENV", NumArgs: 0, Precedence: 50, Handler: envOperator}
 var notOpType = &operationType{Type: "NOT", NumArgs: 0, Precedence: 50, Handler: notOperator}
 var emptyOpType = &operationType{Type: "EMPTY", Precedence: 50, Handler: emptyOperator}
@@ -233,13 +239,13 @@ func guessTagFromCustomType(node *yaml.Node) string {
 	if strings.HasPrefix(node.Tag, "!!") {
 		return node.Tag
 	} else if node.Value == "" {
-		log.Warning("node has no value to guess the type with")
+		log.Debug("guessTagFromCustomType: node has no value to guess the type with")
 		return node.Tag
 	}
 	dataBucket, errorReading := parseSnippet(node.Value)
 
 	if errorReading != nil {
-		log.Warning("could not guess underlying tag type %v", errorReading)
+		log.Debug("guessTagFromCustomType: could not guess underlying tag type %v", errorReading)
 		return node.Tag
 	}
 	guessedTag := unwrapDoc(dataBucket).Tag
@@ -248,16 +254,28 @@ func guessTagFromCustomType(node *yaml.Node) string {
 }
 
 func parseSnippet(value string) (*yaml.Node, error) {
+	if value == "" {
+		return &yaml.Node{
+			Kind: yaml.ScalarNode,
+			Tag:  "!!null",
+		}, nil
+	}
 	decoder := NewYamlDecoder(ConfiguredYamlPreferences)
 	err := decoder.Init(strings.NewReader(value))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	parsedNode, err := decoder.Decode()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	if len(parsedNode.Node.Content) == 0 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("bad data")
 	}
-	return unwrapDoc(parsedNode.Node), err
+	result := unwrapDoc(parsedNode.Node)
+	result.Line = 0
+	result.Column = 0
+	return result, err
 }
 
 func recursiveNodeEqual(lhs *yaml.Node, rhs *yaml.Node) bool {
@@ -320,7 +338,7 @@ func deepCloneWithOptions(node *yaml.Node, cloneContent bool) *yaml.Node {
 		Tag:         node.Tag,
 		Value:       node.Value,
 		Anchor:      node.Anchor,
-		Alias:       deepClone(node.Alias),
+		Alias:       node.Alias,
 		HeadComment: node.HeadComment,
 		LineComment: node.LineComment,
 		FootComment: node.FootComment,
@@ -352,8 +370,8 @@ func parseInt(numberString string) (int, error) {
 
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
-	} else if parsed > math.MaxInt {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("%v is too big (larger than %v)", parsed, math.MaxInt)
+	} else if parsed > math.MaxInt || parsed < math.MinInt {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("%v is not within [%v, %v]", parsed, math.MinInt, math.MaxInt)
 	}
 
 	return int(parsed), err
@@ -402,6 +420,7 @@ func footComment(node *yaml.Node) string {
 }
 
 func createValueOperation(value interface{}, stringValue string) *Operation {
+	log.Debug("creating value op for string %v", stringValue)
 	var node = createScalarNode(value, stringValue)
 
 	return &Operation{

pkg/yqlib/lib_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 package yqlib
 
-import "testing"
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/mikefarah/yq/v4/test"
+	yaml "gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+)
 
 func TestGetLogger(t *testing.T) {
 	l := GetLogger()
@@ -8,3 +13,92 @@ func TestGetLogger(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("GetLogger should return the yq logger instance, not a copy")
 	}
 }
+
+type parseSnippetScenario struct {
+	snippet       string
+	expected      *yaml.Node
+	expectedError string
+}
+
+var parseSnippetScenarios = []parseSnippetScenario{
+	{
+		snippet:       ":",
+		expectedError: "yaml: did not find expected key",
+	},
+	{
+		snippet: "",
+		expected: &yaml.Node{
+			Kind: yaml.ScalarNode,
+			Tag:  "!!null",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		snippet: "null",
+		expected: &yaml.Node{
+			Kind:   yaml.ScalarNode,
+			Tag:    "!!null",
+			Value:  "null",
+			Line:   0,
+			Column: 0,
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		snippet: "3",
+		expected: &yaml.Node{
+			Kind:   yaml.ScalarNode,
+			Tag:    "!!int",
+			Value:  "3",
+			Line:   0,
+			Column: 0,
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		snippet: "cat",
+		expected: &yaml.Node{
+			Kind:   yaml.ScalarNode,
+			Tag:    "!!str",
+			Value:  "cat",
+			Line:   0,
+			Column: 0,
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		snippet: "3.1",
+		expected: &yaml.Node{
+			Kind:   yaml.ScalarNode,
+			Tag:    "!!float",
+			Value:  "3.1",
+			Line:   0,
+			Column: 0,
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		snippet: "true",
+		expected: &yaml.Node{
+			Kind:   yaml.ScalarNode,
+			Tag:    "!!bool",
+			Value:  "true",
+			Line:   0,
+			Column: 0,
+		},
+	},
+}
+
+func TestParseSnippet(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range parseSnippetScenarios {
+		actual, err := parseSnippet(tt.snippet)
+		if tt.expectedError != "" {
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Errorf("Expected error '%v' but it worked!", tt.expectedError)
+			} else {
+				test.AssertResultComplexWithContext(t, tt.expectedError, err.Error(), tt.snippet)
+			}
+			return
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Error(tt.snippet)
+			t.Error(err)
+		}
+		test.AssertResultComplexWithContext(t, tt.expected, actual, tt.snippet)
+	}
+}

pkg/yqlib/no_json.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//go:build yq_nojson
+
+package yqlib
+
+func NewJSONDecoder() Decoder {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func NewJSONEncoder(indent int, colorise bool, unwrapScalar bool) Encoder {
+	return nil
+}

pkg/yqlib/no_xml.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//go:build yq_noxml
+
+package yqlib
+
+func NewXMLDecoder(prefs XmlPreferences) Decoder {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func NewXMLEncoder(indent int, prefs XmlPreferences) Encoder {
+	return nil
+}

pkg/yqlib/operator_add.go

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ func addScalars(context Context, target *CandidateNode, lhs *yaml.Node, rhs *yam
 
 	// if the lhs is a string, it might be a timestamp in a custom format.
 	if lhsTag == "!!str" && context.GetDateTimeLayout() != time.RFC3339 {
-		_, err := time.Parse(context.GetDateTimeLayout(), lhs.Value)
+		_, err := parseDateTime(context.GetDateTimeLayout(), lhs.Value)
 		isDateTime = err == nil
 	}
 
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ func addDateTimes(layout string, target *CandidateNode, lhs *yaml.Node, rhs *yam
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to parse duration [%v]: %w", rhs.Value, err)
 	}
 
-	currentTime, err := time.Parse(layout, lhs.Value)
+	currentTime, err := parseDateTime(layout, lhs.Value)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

pkg/yqlib/operator_add_test.go

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ var addOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 	{
 		skipDoc:    true,
 		document:   `{}`,
-		expression: "(.a + .b) as $x",
+		expression: "(.a + .b) as $x | .",
 		expected: []string{
 			"D0, P[], (doc)::{}\n",
 		},
@@ -101,6 +101,14 @@ var addOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 			"D0, P[], (doc)::a: ['dog', 'cat']\n",
 		},
 	},
+	{
+		description: "Prepend to existing array",
+		document:    `a: [dog]`,
+		expression:  `.a = ["cat"] + .a`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (doc)::a: [cat, dog]\n",
+		},
+	},
 	{
 		skipDoc:        true,
 		description:    "Concatenate to existing array",
@@ -252,6 +260,15 @@ var addOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 			"D0, P[], (doc)::a: 2021-01-01T03:10:00Z\n",
 		},
 	},
+	{
+		description: "Date addition -date only",
+		skipDoc:     true,
+		document:    `a: 2021-01-01`,
+		expression:  `.a += "24h"`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (doc)::a: 2021-01-02T00:00:00Z\n",
+		},
+	},
 	{
 		description:    "Date addition - custom format",
 		subdescription: "You can add durations to dates. See [date-time operators](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/operators/date-time-operators) for more information.",

pkg/yqlib/operator_alternative_test.go

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ var alternativeOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 	},
 	{
 		skipDoc:    true,
-		expression: `(.b // "hello") as $x`,
+		expression: `(.b // "hello") as $x | .`,
 		document:   `a: bridge`,
 		expected: []string{
 			"D0, P[], (doc)::a: bridge\n",

pkg/yqlib/operator_anchors_aliases.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package yqlib
 
 import (
 	"container/list"
+	"fmt"
 
 	yaml "gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
@@ -244,6 +245,9 @@ func applyAlias(node *yaml.Node, alias *yaml.Node, aliasIndex int, newContent Co
 	if alias == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
+	if alias.Kind != yaml.MappingNode {
+		return fmt.Errorf("merge anchor only supports maps, got %v instead", alias.Tag)
+	}
 	for index := 0; index < len(alias.Content); index = index + 2 {
 		keyNode := alias.Content[index]
 		log.Debugf("applying alias key %v", keyNode.Value)

pkg/yqlib/operator_anchors_aliases_test.go

@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ var specDocument = `- &CENTER { x: 1, y: 2 }
 
 var expectedSpecResult = "D0, P[4], (!!map)::x: 1\ny: 2\nr: 10\n"
 
-var simpleArrayRef = `
-item_value: &item_value
+var simpleArrayRef = `item_value: &item_value
   value: true
 
 thingOne:
@@ -36,6 +35,13 @@ thingTwo:
 `
 
 var anchorOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
+	{
+		skipDoc:       true,
+		description:   "merge anchor not map",
+		document:      "a: &a\n  - 0\nc:\n  <<: [*a]\n",
+		expectedError: "merge anchor only supports maps, got !!seq instead",
+		expression:    "explode(.)",
+	},
 	{
 		description:    "Merge one map",
 		subdescription: "see https://yaml.org/type/merge.html",

pkg/yqlib/operator_array_to_map_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package yqlib
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+var arrayToMapScenarios = []expressionScenario{
+	{
+		description: "Simple example",
+		document:    `cool: [null, null, hello]`,
+		expression:  `.cool |= array_to_map`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (doc)::cool:\n    2: hello\n",
+		},
+	},
+}
+
+func TestArrayToMapScenarios(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range arrayToMapScenarios {
+		testScenario(t, &tt)
+	}
+	documentOperatorScenarios(t, "array-to-map", arrayToMapScenarios)
+}

pkg/yqlib/operator_assign_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,11 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 )
 
+var mergeAnchorAssign = `a: &a
+  x: OriginalValue
+b:
+  <<: *a`
+
 var assignOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 	{
 		description: "Create yaml file",
@@ -20,6 +25,14 @@ var assignOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 			"D0, P[], (doc)::a: null\n",
 		},
 	},
+	{
+		skipDoc:    true,
+		document:   mergeAnchorAssign,
+		expression: `.c = .b | .a.x = "ModifiedValue" | explode(.)`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (doc)::a:\n    x: ModifiedValue\nb:\n    x: ModifiedValue\nc:\n    x: ModifiedValue\n",
+		},
+	},
 	{
 		skipDoc:    true,
 		document:   "{}",

pkg/yqlib/operator_booleans_test.go

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ var booleanOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 	{
 		skipDoc:    true,
 		document:   `[{pet: cat}]`,
-		expression: `any_c(.name == "harry") as $c`,
+		expression: `any_c(.name == "harry") as $c | .`,
 		expected: []string{
 			"D0, P[], (doc)::[{pet: cat}]\n",
 		},
@@ -110,9 +110,17 @@ var booleanOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 	{
 		skipDoc:    true,
 		document:   `[{pet: cat}]`,
-		expression: `all_c(.name == "harry") as $c`,
+		expression: `any_c(.name == "harry") as $c | $c`,
 		expected: []string{
-			"D0, P[], (doc)::[{pet: cat}]\n",
+			"D0, P[], (!!bool)::false\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		skipDoc:    true,
+		document:   `[{pet: cat}]`,
+		expression: `all_c(.name == "harry") as $c | $c`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!bool)::false\n",
 		},
 	},
 	{
@@ -185,7 +193,7 @@ var booleanOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 	{
 		skipDoc:    true,
 		document:   `{}`,
-		expression: `(.a.b or .c) as $x`,
+		expression: `(.a.b or .c) as $x | .`,
 		expected: []string{
 			"D0, P[], (doc)::{}\n",
 		},
@@ -193,7 +201,7 @@ var booleanOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 	{
 		skipDoc:    true,
 		document:   `{}`,
-		expression: `(.a.b and .c) as $x`,
+		expression: `(.a.b and .c) as $x | .`,
 		expected: []string{
 			"D0, P[], (doc)::{}\n",
 		},

pkg/yqlib/operator_comments_test.go

@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ var commentOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 		document:              "# welcome!\n\na: cat # meow\n\n# have a great day",
 		expression:            `. | head_comment`,
 		expected: []string{
-			"D0, P[], (!!str)::welcome!\n",
+			"D0, P[], (!!str)::welcome!\n\n",
 		},
 	},
 	{

pkg/yqlib/operator_compare.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package yqlib
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"strconv"
-	"time"
 
 	yaml "gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
@@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ type compareTypePref struct {
 func compareOperator(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, expressionNode *ExpressionNode) (Context, error) {
 	log.Debugf("-- compareOperator")
 	prefs := expressionNode.Operation.Preferences.(compareTypePref)
-	return crossFunction(d, context.ReadOnlyClone(), expressionNode, compare(prefs), true)
+	return crossFunction(d, context, expressionNode, compare(prefs), true)
 }
 
 func compare(prefs compareTypePref) func(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, lhs *CandidateNode, rhs *CandidateNode) (*CandidateNode, error) {
@@ -54,12 +53,12 @@ func compare(prefs compareTypePref) func(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context,
 }
 
 func compareDateTime(layout string, prefs compareTypePref, lhs *yaml.Node, rhs *yaml.Node) (bool, error) {
-	lhsTime, err := time.Parse(layout, lhs.Value)
+	lhsTime, err := parseDateTime(layout, lhs.Value)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
 
-	rhsTime, err := time.Parse(layout, rhs.Value)
+	rhsTime, err := parseDateTime(layout, rhs.Value)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
@@ -80,8 +79,8 @@ func compareScalars(context Context, prefs compareTypePref, lhs *yaml.Node, rhs
 
 	isDateTime := lhs.Tag == "!!timestamp"
 	// if the lhs is a string, it might be a timestamp in a custom format.
-	if lhsTag == "!!str" && context.GetDateTimeLayout() != time.RFC3339 {
-		_, err := time.Parse(context.GetDateTimeLayout(), lhs.Value)
+	if lhsTag == "!!str" {
+		_, err := parseDateTime(context.GetDateTimeLayout(), lhs.Value)
 		isDateTime = err == nil
 	}
 	if isDateTime {
@@ -127,6 +126,10 @@ func compareScalars(context Context, prefs compareTypePref, lhs *yaml.Node, rhs
 			return lhs.Value > rhs.Value, nil
 		}
 		return lhs.Value < rhs.Value, nil
+	} else if lhsTag == "!!null" && rhsTag == "!!null" && prefs.OrEqual {
+		return true, nil
+	} else if lhsTag == "!!null" || rhsTag == "!!null" {
+		return false, nil
 	}
 
 	return false, fmt.Errorf("%v not yet supported for comparison", lhs.Tag)

pkg/yqlib/operator_contains_test.go

@@ -33,6 +33,15 @@ var containsOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 			"D0, P[], (!!bool)::true\n",
 		},
 	},
+	{
+		description:    "Array has a subset array",
+		subdescription: "Subtract the superset array from the subset, if there's anything left, it's not a subset",
+		document:       `["foobar", "foobaz", "blarp"]`,
+		expression:     `["baz", "bar"] - . | length == 0`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!bool)::false\n",
+		},
+	},
 	{
 		skipDoc:    true,
 		expression: `["dog", "cat", "giraffe"] | contains(["camel"])`,

pkg/yqlib/operator_datetime.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"container/list"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
 	"time"
 
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
@@ -50,6 +51,17 @@ func nowOp(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, expressionNode *ExpressionNode
 
 }
 
+func parseDateTime(layout string, datestring string) (time.Time, error) {
+
+	parsedTime, err := time.Parse(layout, datestring)
+	if err != nil && layout == time.RFC3339 {
+		// try parsing the date time with only the date
+		return time.Parse("2006-01-02", datestring)
+	}
+	return parsedTime, err
+
+}
+
 func formatDateTime(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, expressionNode *ExpressionNode) (Context, error) {
 	format, err := getStringParamter("format", d, context, expressionNode.RHS)
 	layout := context.GetDateTimeLayout()
@@ -62,7 +74,7 @@ func formatDateTime(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, expressionNode *Expre
 	for el := context.MatchingNodes.Front(); el != nil; el = el.Next() {
 		candidate := el.Value.(*CandidateNode)
 
-		parsedTime, err := time.Parse(layout, candidate.Node.Value)
+		parsedTime, err := parseDateTime(layout, candidate.Node.Value)
 		if err != nil {
 			return Context{}, fmt.Errorf("could not parse datetime of [%v]: %w", candidate.GetNicePath(), err)
 		}
@@ -101,7 +113,7 @@ func tzOp(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, expressionNode *ExpressionNode)
 	for el := context.MatchingNodes.Front(); el != nil; el = el.Next() {
 		candidate := el.Value.(*CandidateNode)
 
-		parsedTime, err := time.Parse(layout, candidate.Node.Value)
+		parsedTime, err := parseDateTime(layout, candidate.Node.Value)
 		if err != nil {
 			return Context{}, fmt.Errorf("could not parse datetime of [%v] using layout [%v]: %w", candidate.GetNicePath(), layout, err)
 		}
@@ -118,3 +130,69 @@ func tzOp(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, expressionNode *ExpressionNode)
 
 	return context.ChildContext(results), nil
 }
+
+func parseUnixTime(unixTime string) (time.Time, error) {
+	seconds, err := strconv.ParseFloat(unixTime, 64)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return time.Now(), err
+	}
+
+	return time.UnixMilli(int64(seconds * 1000)), nil
+}
+
+func fromUnixOp(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, expressionNode *ExpressionNode) (Context, error) {
+
+	var results = list.New()
+
+	for el := context.MatchingNodes.Front(); el != nil; el = el.Next() {
+		candidate := el.Value.(*CandidateNode)
+
+		actualTag := guessTagFromCustomType(candidate.Node)
+
+		if actualTag != "!!int" && guessTagFromCustomType(candidate.Node) != "!!float" {
+			return Context{}, fmt.Errorf("from_unix only works on numbers, found %v instead", candidate.Node.Tag)
+		}
+
+		parsedTime, err := parseUnixTime(candidate.Node.Value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return Context{}, err
+		}
+
+		node := &yaml.Node{
+			Kind:  yaml.ScalarNode,
+			Tag:   "!!timestamp",
+			Value: parsedTime.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		}
+
+		results.PushBack(candidate.CreateReplacement(node))
+	}
+
+	return context.ChildContext(results), nil
+}
+
+func toUnixOp(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, expressionNode *ExpressionNode) (Context, error) {
+
+	layout := context.GetDateTimeLayout()
+
+	var results = list.New()
+
+	for el := context.MatchingNodes.Front(); el != nil; el = el.Next() {
+		candidate := el.Value.(*CandidateNode)
+
+		parsedTime, err := parseDateTime(layout, candidate.Node.Value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return Context{}, fmt.Errorf("could not parse datetime of [%v] using layout [%v]: %w", candidate.GetNicePath(), layout, err)
+		}
+
+		node := &yaml.Node{
+			Kind:  yaml.ScalarNode,
+			Tag:   "!!int",
+			Value: fmt.Sprintf("%v", parsedTime.Unix()),
+		}
+
+		results.PushBack(candidate.CreateReplacement(node))
+	}
+
+	return context.ChildContext(results), nil
+}

pkg/yqlib/operator_datetime_test.go

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ var dateTimeOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 	},
 	{
 		description: "Format: get the day of the week",
-		document:    `a: 2001-12-15T02:59:43.1Z`,
+		document:    `a: 2001-12-15`,
 		expression:  `.a | format_datetime("Monday")`,
 		expected: []string{
 			"D0, P[a], (!!str)::Saturday\n",
@@ -39,6 +39,22 @@ var dateTimeOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 			"D0, P[], (doc)::a: cool\nupdated: 2021-05-19T01:02:03Z\n",
 		},
 	},
+	{
+		description:    "From Unix",
+		subdescription: "Converts from unix time. Note, you don't have to pipe through the tz operator :)",
+		expression:     `1675301929 | from_unix | tz("UTC")`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!timestamp)::2023-02-02T01:38:49Z\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		description:    "To Unix",
+		subdescription: "Converts to unix time",
+		expression:     `now | to_unix`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!int)::1621386123\n",
+		},
+	},
 	{
 		description:    "Timezone: from standard RFC3339 format",
 		subdescription: "Returns a new datetime in the specified timezone. Specify standard IANA Time Zone format or 'utc', 'local'. When given a single parameter, this assumes the datetime is in RFC3339 format.",

pkg/yqlib/operator_encoder_decoder.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"bufio"
 	"bytes"
 	"container/list"
+	"errors"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ import (
 func configureEncoder(format PrinterOutputFormat, indent int) Encoder {
 	switch format {
 	case JSONOutputFormat:
-		return NewJSONEncoder(indent, false)
+		return NewJSONEncoder(indent, false, false)
 	case PropsOutputFormat:
 		return NewPropertiesEncoder(true)
 	case CSVOutputFormat:
@@ -26,6 +27,10 @@ func configureEncoder(format PrinterOutputFormat, indent int) Encoder {
 		return NewXMLEncoder(indent, ConfiguredXMLPreferences)
 	case Base64OutputFormat:
 		return NewBase64Encoder()
+	case UriOutputFormat:
+		return NewUriEncoder()
+	case ShOutputFormat:
+		return NewShEncoder()
 	}
 	panic("invalid encoder")
 }
@@ -35,6 +40,9 @@ func encodeToString(candidate *CandidateNode, prefs encoderPreferences) (string,
 	log.Debug("printing with indent: %v", prefs.indent)
 
 	encoder := configureEncoder(prefs.format, prefs.indent)
+	if encoder == nil {
+		return "", errors.New("no support for output format")
+	}
 
 	printer := NewPrinter(encoder, NewSinglePrinterWriter(bufio.NewWriter(&output)))
 	err := printer.PrintResults(candidate.AsList())
@@ -94,13 +102,11 @@ type decoderPreferences struct {
 	format InputFormat
 }
 
-/* takes a string and decodes it back into an object */
-func decodeOperator(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, expressionNode *ExpressionNode) (Context, error) {
-
-	preferences := expressionNode.Operation.Preferences.(decoderPreferences)
-
+func createDecoder(format InputFormat) Decoder {
 	var decoder Decoder
-	switch preferences.format {
+	switch format {
+	case JsonInputFormat:
+		decoder = NewJSONDecoder()
 	case YamlInputFormat:
 		decoder = NewYamlDecoder(ConfiguredYamlPreferences)
 	case XMLInputFormat:
@@ -113,6 +119,20 @@ func decodeOperator(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, expressionNode *Expre
 		decoder = NewCSVObjectDecoder(',')
 	case TSVObjectInputFormat:
 		decoder = NewCSVObjectDecoder('\t')
+	case UriInputFormat:
+		decoder = NewUriDecoder()
+	}
+	return decoder
+}
+
+/* takes a string and decodes it back into an object */
+func decodeOperator(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, expressionNode *ExpressionNode) (Context, error) {
+
+	preferences := expressionNode.Operation.Preferences.(decoderPreferences)
+
+	decoder := createDecoder(preferences.format)
+	if decoder == nil {
+		return Context{}, errors.New("no support for input format")
 	}
 
 	var results = list.New()

pkg/yqlib/operator_encoder_decoder_test.go

@@ -8,15 +8,17 @@ var prefix = "D0, P[], (doc)::a:\n    cool:\n        bob: dylan\n"
 
 var encoderDecoderOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 	{
-		description: "Encode value as json string",
-		document:    `{a: {cool: "thing"}}`,
-		expression:  `.b = (.a | to_json)`,
+		requiresFormat: "json",
+		description:    "Encode value as json string",
+		document:       `{a: {cool: "thing"}}`,
+		expression:     `.b = (.a | to_json)`,
 		expected: []string{
 			`D0, P[], (doc)::{a: {cool: "thing"}, b: "{\n  \"cool\": \"thing\"\n}\n"}
 `,
 		},
 	},
 	{
+		requiresFormat: "json",
 		description:    "Encode value as json string, on one line",
 		subdescription: "Pass in a 0 indent to print json on a single line.",
 		document:       `{a: {cool: "thing"}}`,
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@ var encoderDecoderOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 		},
 	},
 	{
+		requiresFormat: "json",
 		description:    "Encode value as json string, on one line shorthand",
 		subdescription: "Pass in a 0 indent to print json on a single line.",
 		document:       `{a: {cool: "thing"}}`,
@@ -37,6 +40,7 @@ var encoderDecoderOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 		},
 	},
 	{
+		requiresFormat: "json",
 		description:    "Decode a json encoded string",
 		subdescription: "Keep in mind JSON is a subset of YAML. If you want idiomatic yaml, pipe through the style operator to clear out the JSON styling.",
 		document:       `a: '{"cool":"thing"}'`,
@@ -193,33 +197,37 @@ var encoderDecoderOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 		},
 	},
 	{
-		description: "Encode value as xml string",
-		document:    `{a: {cool: {foo: "bar", +id: hi}}}`,
-		expression:  `.a | to_xml`,
+		requiresFormat: "xml",
+		description:    "Encode value as xml string",
+		document:       `{a: {cool: {foo: "bar", +@id: hi}}}`,
+		expression:     `.a | to_xml`,
 		expected: []string{
 			"D0, P[a], (!!str)::<cool id=\"hi\">\n  <foo>bar</foo>\n</cool>\n\n",
 		},
 	},
 	{
-		description: "Encode value as xml string on a single line",
-		document:    `{a: {cool: {foo: "bar", +id: hi}}}`,
-		expression:  `.a | @xml`,
+		requiresFormat: "xml",
+		description:    "Encode value as xml string on a single line",
+		document:       `{a: {cool: {foo: "bar", +@id: hi}}}`,
+		expression:     `.a | @xml`,
 		expected: []string{
 			"D0, P[a], (!!str)::<cool id=\"hi\"><foo>bar</foo></cool>\n\n",
 		},
 	},
 	{
-		description: "Encode value as xml string with custom indentation",
-		document:    `{a: {cool: {foo: "bar", +id: hi}}}`,
-		expression:  `{"cat": .a | to_xml(1)}`,
+		requiresFormat: "xml",
+		description:    "Encode value as xml string with custom indentation",
+		document:       `{a: {cool: {foo: "bar", +@id: hi}}}`,
+		expression:     `{"cat": .a | to_xml(1)}`,
 		expected: []string{
 			"D0, P[], (!!map)::cat: |\n    <cool id=\"hi\">\n     <foo>bar</foo>\n    </cool>\n",
 		},
 	},
 	{
-		description: "Decode a xml encoded string",
-		document:    `a: "<foo>bar</foo>"`,
-		expression:  `.b = (.a | from_xml)`,
+		requiresFormat: "xml",
+		description:    "Decode a xml encoded string",
+		document:       `a: "<foo>bar</foo>"`,
+		expression:     `.b = (.a | from_xml)`,
 		expected: []string{
 			"D0, P[], (doc)::a: \"<foo>bar</foo>\"\nb:\n    foo: bar\n",
 		},
@@ -241,6 +249,41 @@ var encoderDecoderOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 			"D0, P[], (!!str)::YTogYXBwbGUK\n",
 		},
 	},
+	{
+		description: "Encode a string to uri",
+		document:    "coolData: this has & special () characters *",
+		expression:  ".coolData | @uri",
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[coolData], (!!str)::this+has+%26+special+%28%29+characters+%2A\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		description: "Decode a URI to a string",
+		document:    "this+has+%26+special+%28%29+characters+%2A",
+		expression:  "@urid",
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!str)::this has & special () characters *\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		description:    "Encode a string to sh",
+		subdescription: "Sh/Bash friendly string",
+		document:       "coolData: strings with spaces and a 'quote'",
+		expression:     ".coolData | @sh",
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[coolData], (!!str)::strings' with spaces and a '\\'quote\\'\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		description:    "Encode a string to sh",
+		subdescription: "Watch out for stray '' (empty strings)",
+		document:       "coolData: \"'starts, contains more '' and ends with a quote'\"",
+		expression:     ".coolData | @sh",
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[coolData], (!!str)::\\'starts,' contains more '\\'\\'' and ends with a quote'\\'\n",
+		},
+		skipDoc: true,
+	},
 	{
 		description:    "Decode a base64 encoded string",
 		subdescription: "Decoded data is assumed to be a string.",
@@ -268,9 +311,10 @@ var encoderDecoderOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 		},
 	},
 	{
-		description: "empty xml decode",
-		skipDoc:     true,
-		expression:  `"" | @xmld`,
+		requiresFormat: "xml",
+		description:    "empty xml decode",
+		skipDoc:        true,
+		expression:     `"" | @xmld`,
 		expected: []string{
 			"D0, P[], (!!null)::\n",
 		},

pkg/yqlib/operator_equals.go

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import "gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 
 func equalsOperator(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, expressionNode *ExpressionNode) (Context, error) {
 	log.Debugf("-- equalsOperation")
-	return crossFunction(d, context.ReadOnlyClone(), expressionNode, isEquals(false), true)
+	return crossFunction(d, context, expressionNode, isEquals(false), true)
 }
 
 func isEquals(flip bool) func(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, lhs *CandidateNode, rhs *CandidateNode) (*CandidateNode, error) {

pkg/yqlib/operator_equals_test.go

@@ -9,7 +9,14 @@ var equalsOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 		skipDoc:    true,
 		expression: ".a == .b",
 		expected: []string{
-			"D0, P[], (!!bool)::true\n",
+			"D0, P[a], (!!bool)::true\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		expression: `(.k | length) == 0`,
+		skipDoc:    true,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[k], (!!bool)::true\n",
 		},
 	},
 	{
@@ -25,7 +32,7 @@ var equalsOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 		document:   `a: cat`,
 		expression: ".b == .a",
 		expected: []string{
-			"D0, P[a], (!!bool)::false\n",
+			"D0, P[b], (!!bool)::false\n",
 		},
 	},
 	{
@@ -40,7 +47,7 @@ var equalsOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 	{
 		skipDoc:    true,
 		document:   "{}",
-		expression: "(.a == .b) as $x",
+		expression: "(.a == .b) as $x | .",
 		expected: []string{
 			"D0, P[], (doc)::{}\n",
 		},
@@ -50,13 +57,13 @@ var equalsOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 		document:   "{}",
 		expression: ".a == .b",
 		expected: []string{
-			"D0, P[], (!!bool)::true\n",
+			"D0, P[a], (!!bool)::true\n",
 		},
 	},
 	{
 		skipDoc:    true,
 		document:   "{}",
-		expression: "(.a != .b) as $x",
+		expression: "(.a != .b) as $x | .",
 		expected: []string{
 			"D0, P[], (doc)::{}\n",
 		},

pkg/yqlib/operator_expression.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package yqlib
+
+type expressionOpPreferences struct {
+	expression string
+}
+
+func expressionOperator(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, expressionNode *ExpressionNode) (Context, error) {
+
+	prefs := expressionNode.Operation.Preferences.(expressionOpPreferences)
+	expNode, err := ExpressionParser.ParseExpression(prefs.expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Context{}, err
+	}
+
+	return d.GetMatchingNodes(context, expNode)
+}

pkg/yqlib/operator_has_test.go

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ var hasOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 	{
 		skipDoc:    true,
 		document:   `a: hello`,
-		expression: `has(.b) as $c`,
+		expression: `has(.b) as $c | .`,
 		expected: []string{
 			"D0, P[], (doc)::a: hello\n",
 		},

pkg/yqlib/operator_load.go

@@ -9,6 +9,13 @@ import (
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
+var LoadYamlPreferences = YamlPreferences{
+	LeadingContentPreProcessing: false,
+	PrintDocSeparators:          true,
+	UnwrapScalar:                true,
+	EvaluateTogether:            false,
+}
+
 type loadPrefs struct {
 	loadAsString bool
 	decoder      Decoder
@@ -27,6 +34,9 @@ func loadString(filename string) (*CandidateNode, error) {
 }
 
 func loadYaml(filename string, decoder Decoder) (*CandidateNode, error) {
+	if decoder == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not load %s", filename)
+	}
 
 	file, err := os.Open(filename) // #nosec
 	if err != nil {
@@ -43,7 +53,8 @@ func loadYaml(filename string, decoder Decoder) (*CandidateNode, error) {
 		// return null candidate
 		return &CandidateNode{Node: &yaml.Node{Kind: yaml.ScalarNode, Tag: "!!null"}}, nil
 	} else if documents.Len() == 1 {
-		return documents.Front().Value.(*CandidateNode), nil
+		candidate := documents.Front().Value.(*CandidateNode)
+		return candidate, nil
 
 	} else {
 		sequenceNode := &CandidateNode{Node: &yaml.Node{Kind: yaml.SequenceNode}}

pkg/yqlib/operator_load_test.go

@@ -13,6 +13,15 @@ var loadScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 			"D0, P[], (doc)::# comment\n\n",
 		},
 	},
+	{
+		skipDoc:     true,
+		description: "Load file with a header comment into an array",
+		document:    `- "../../examples/small.yaml"`,
+		expression:  `.[] |= load(.)`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (doc)::- # comment\n  # about things\n  a: cat\n",
+		},
+	},
 	{
 		skipDoc:     true,
 		description: "Load empty file with no comment",
@@ -65,9 +74,10 @@ var loadScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 		},
 	},
 	{
-		description: "Load from XML",
-		document:    "cool: things",
-		expression:  `.more_stuff = load_xml("../../examples/small.xml")`,
+		requiresFormat: "xml",
+		description:    "Load from XML",
+		document:       "cool: things",
+		expression:     `.more_stuff = load_xml("../../examples/small.xml")`,
 		expected: []string{
 			"D0, P[], (doc)::cool: things\nmore_stuff:\n    this: is some xml\n",
 		},

pkg/yqlib/operator_multiply.go

@@ -60,8 +60,14 @@ func multiply(preferences multiplyPreferences) func(d *dataTreeNavigator, contex
 		log.Debugf("Multiplying LHS: %v", lhs.Node.Tag)
 		log.Debugf("-          RHS: %v", rhs.Node.Tag)
 
-		if lhs.Node.Kind == yaml.MappingNode && rhs.Node.Kind == yaml.MappingNode ||
-			(lhs.Node.Kind == yaml.SequenceNode && rhs.Node.Kind == yaml.SequenceNode) {
+		if rhs.Node.Tag == "!!null" {
+			return lhs.Copy()
+		}
+
+		if (lhs.Node.Kind == yaml.MappingNode && rhs.Node.Kind == yaml.MappingNode) ||
+			(lhs.Node.Tag == "!!null" && rhs.Node.Kind == yaml.MappingNode) ||
+			(lhs.Node.Kind == yaml.SequenceNode && rhs.Node.Kind == yaml.SequenceNode) ||
+			(lhs.Node.Tag == "!!null" && rhs.Node.Kind == yaml.SequenceNode) {
 			var newBlank = CandidateNode{}
 			err := copier.CopyWithOption(&newBlank, lhs, copier.Option{IgnoreEmpty: true, DeepCopy: true})
 			if err != nil {
@@ -189,7 +195,7 @@ func applyAssignment(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, pathIndexToStartFrom
 	} else {
 		log.Debugf("merge - assignmentOp := &Operation{OperationType: assignAttributesOpType}")
 	}
-	rhsOp := &Operation{OperationType: valueOpType, CandidateNode: rhs}
+	rhsOp := &Operation{OperationType: referenceOpType, CandidateNode: rhs}
 
 	assignmentOpNode := &ExpressionNode{
 		Operation: assignmentOp,

pkg/yqlib/operator_multiply_test.go

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ var multiplyOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 		document2:  docNoComments,
 		expression: `select(fi == 0) * select(fi == 1)`,
 		expected: []string{
-			"D0, P[], (!!map)::# here\na: apple\nb: banana\n",
+			"D0, P[], (!!map)::# here\n\na: apple\nb: banana\n",
 		},
 	},
 	{
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ var multiplyOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 		document2:  docWithHeader,
 		expression: `select(fi == 0) * select(fi == 1)`,
 		expected: []string{
-			"D0, P[], (!!map)::# here\nb: banana\na: apple\n",
+			"D0, P[], (!!map)::# here\n\nb: banana\na: apple\n",
 		},
 	},
 	{
@@ -579,6 +579,41 @@ var multiplyOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 			"D0, P[], (doc)::a: {a: apple is included, b: cool.}\n",
 		},
 	},
+	{
+		description: "Merging a null with a map",
+		expression:  `null * {"some": "thing"}`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!map)::some: thing\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		description: "Merging a map with null",
+		expression:  `{"some": "thing"} * null`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!map)::some: thing\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		description: "Merging an null with an array",
+		expression:  `null * ["some"]`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!seq)::- some\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		description: "Merging an array with null",
+		expression:  `["some"] * null`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!seq)::- some\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		skipDoc:    true,
+		expression: `null * null`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!null)::null\n",
+		},
+	},
 }
 
 func TestMultiplyOperatorScenarios(t *testing.T) {

pkg/yqlib/operator_path.go

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func setPathOperator(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, expressionNode *Expr
 			return Context{}, fmt.Errorf("SETPATH: expected single value on RHS but found %v", targetContextValue.MatchingNodes.Len())
 		}
 
-		rhsOp := &Operation{OperationType: valueOpType, CandidateNode: targetContextValue.MatchingNodes.Front().Value.(*CandidateNode)}
+		rhsOp := &Operation{OperationType: referenceOpType, CandidateNode: targetContextValue.MatchingNodes.Front().Value.(*CandidateNode)}
 
 		assignmentOpNode := &ExpressionNode{
 			Operation: assignmentOp,

pkg/yqlib/operator_path_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,16 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 )
 
+var documentToPrune = `
+parentA: bob
+parentB:
+  child1: i am child1
+  child2: i am child2
+parentC:
+  child1: me child1
+  child2: me child2
+`
+
 var pathOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 	{
 		description: "Map path",
@@ -78,6 +88,15 @@ var pathOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 			"D0, P[], ()::a:\n    b: things\n",
 		},
 	},
+	{
+		description:    "Set path to prune deep paths",
+		subdescription: "Like pick but recursive. This uses `ireduce` to deeply set the selected paths into an empty object,",
+		document:       documentToPrune,
+		expression:     "(.parentB.child2, .parentC.child1) as $i\n  ireduce({}; setpath($i | path; $i))",
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!map)::parentB:\n    child2: i am child2\nparentC:\n    child1: me child1\n",
+		},
+	},
 	{
 		description: "Set array path",
 		document:    `a: [cat, frog]`,

pkg/yqlib/operator_pipe.go

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ package yqlib
 
 func pipeOperator(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, expressionNode *ExpressionNode) (Context, error) {
 
-	//lhs may update the variable context, we should pass that into the RHS
-	// BUT we still return the original context back (see jq)
-	// https://stedolan.github.io/jq/manual/#Variable/SymbolicBindingOperator:...as$identifier|...
+	if expressionNode.LHS.Operation.OperationType == assignVariableOpType {
+		return variableLoop(d, context, expressionNode)
+	}
 
 	lhs, err := d.GetMatchingNodes(context, expressionNode.LHS)
 	if err != nil {

pkg/yqlib/operator_select_test.go

@@ -76,9 +76,10 @@ var selectOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 		},
 	},
 	{
-		skipDoc:    true,
-		document:   `[{animal: cat, legs: {cool: true}}, {animal: fish}]`,
-		expression: `(.[] | select(.legs.cool == true).canWalk) = true | (.[] | .alive.things) = "yes"`,
+		description: "select does not update the map",
+		skipDoc:     true,
+		document:    `[{animal: cat, legs: {cool: true}}, {animal: fish}]`,
+		expression:  `(.[] | select(.legs.cool == true).canWalk) = true | (.[] | .alive.things) = "yes"`,
 		expected: []string{
 			"D0, P[], (doc)::[{animal: cat, legs: {cool: true}, canWalk: true, alive: {things: yes}}, {animal: fish, alive: {things: yes}}]\n",
 		},

pkg/yqlib/operator_shuffle.go

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package yqlib
+
+import (
+	"container/list"
+	"fmt"
+	"math/rand"
+
+	yaml "gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+)
+
+func shuffleOperator(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, expressionNode *ExpressionNode) (Context, error) {
+
+	// ignore CWE-338 gosec issue of not using crypto/rand
+	// this is just to shuffle an array rather generating a
+	// secret or something that needs proper rand.
+	myRand := rand.New(rand.NewSource(Now().UnixNano())) // #nosec
+
+	results := list.New()
+
+	for el := context.MatchingNodes.Front(); el != nil; el = el.Next() {
+		candidate := el.Value.(*CandidateNode)
+
+		candidateNode := unwrapDoc(candidate.Node)
+
+		if candidateNode.Kind != yaml.SequenceNode {
+			return context, fmt.Errorf("node at path [%v] is not an array (it's a %v)", candidate.GetNicePath(), candidate.GetNiceTag())
+		}
+
+		result := deepClone(candidateNode)
+
+		a := result.Content
+
+		myRand.Shuffle(len(a), func(i, j int) { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] })
+		results.PushBack(candidate.CreateReplacement(result))
+	}
+	return context.ChildContext(results), nil
+}

pkg/yqlib/operator_shuffle_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package yqlib
+
+import "testing"
+
+var shuffleOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
+	{
+		description: "Shuffle array",
+		document:    "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
+		expression:  `shuffle`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!seq)::[5, 2, 4, 1, 3]\n",
+		},
+	},
+
+	{
+		description: "Shuffle array in place",
+		document:    "cool: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
+		expression:  `.cool |= shuffle`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (doc)::cool: [5, 2, 4, 1, 3]\n",
+		},
+	},
+}
+
+func TestShuffleByOperatorScenarios(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range shuffleOperatorScenarios {
+		testScenario(t, &tt)
+	}
+	documentOperatorScenarios(t, "shuffle", shuffleOperatorScenarios)
+}

pkg/yqlib/operator_slice.go

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package yqlib
+
+import (
+	"container/list"
+	"fmt"
+
+	yaml "gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+)
+
+func getSliceNumber(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, node *CandidateNode, expressionNode *ExpressionNode) (int, error) {
+	result, err := d.GetMatchingNodes(context.SingleChildContext(node), expressionNode)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if result.MatchingNodes.Len() != 1 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("expected to find 1 number, got %v instead", result.MatchingNodes.Len())
+	}
+	return parseInt(result.MatchingNodes.Front().Value.(*CandidateNode).Node.Value)
+}
+
+func sliceArrayOperator(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, expressionNode *ExpressionNode) (Context, error) {
+
+	log.Debug("slice array operator!")
+	log.Debug("lhs: %v", expressionNode.LHS.Operation.toString())
+	log.Debug("rhs: %v", expressionNode.RHS.Operation.toString())
+
+	results := list.New()
+
+	for el := context.MatchingNodes.Front(); el != nil; el = el.Next() {
+		lhsNode := el.Value.(*CandidateNode)
+		original := unwrapDoc(lhsNode.Node)
+
+		firstNumber, err := getSliceNumber(d, context, lhsNode, expressionNode.LHS)
+
+		if err != nil {
+			return Context{}, err
+		}
+		relativeFirstNumber := firstNumber
+		if relativeFirstNumber < 0 {
+			relativeFirstNumber = len(original.Content) + firstNumber
+		}
+
+		secondNumber, err := getSliceNumber(d, context, lhsNode, expressionNode.RHS)
+		if err != nil {
+			return Context{}, err
+		}
+
+		relativeSecondNumber := secondNumber
+		if relativeSecondNumber < 0 {
+			relativeSecondNumber = len(original.Content) + secondNumber
+		} else if relativeSecondNumber > len(original.Content) {
+			relativeSecondNumber = len(original.Content)
+		}
+
+		log.Debug("calculateIndicesToTraverse: slice from %v to %v", relativeFirstNumber, relativeSecondNumber)
+
+		var newResults []*yaml.Node
+		for i := relativeFirstNumber; i < relativeSecondNumber; i++ {
+			newResults = append(newResults, original.Content[i])
+		}
+
+		slicedArrayNode := &yaml.Node{
+			Kind:    yaml.SequenceNode,
+			Tag:     original.Tag,
+			Content: newResults,
+		}
+		results.PushBack(lhsNode.CreateReplacement(slicedArrayNode))
+
+	}
+
+	// result is now the context that has the nodes we need to put back into a sequence.
+	//what about multiple arrays in the context? I think we need to create an array for each one
+	return context.ChildContext(results), nil
+}

pkg/yqlib/operator_slice_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+package yqlib
+
+import "testing"
+
+var sliceArrayScenarios = []expressionScenario{
+	{
+		description: "Slicing arrays",
+		document:    `[cat, dog, frog, cow]`,
+		expression:  `.[1:3]`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!seq)::- dog\n- frog\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		description:    "Slicing arrays - without the first number",
+		subdescription: "Starts from the start of the array",
+		document:       `[cat, dog, frog, cow]`,
+		expression:     `.[:2]`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!seq)::- cat\n- dog\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		description:    "Slicing arrays - without the second number",
+		subdescription: "Finishes at the end of the array",
+		document:       `[cat, dog, frog, cow]`,
+		expression:     `.[2:]`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!seq)::- frog\n- cow\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		description: "Slicing arrays - use negative numbers to count backwards from the end",
+		document:    `[cat, dog, frog, cow]`,
+		expression:  `.[1:-1]`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!seq)::- dog\n- frog\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		description:    "Inserting into the middle of an array",
+		subdescription: "using an expression to find the index",
+		document:       `[cat, dog, frog, cow]`,
+		expression:     `(.[] | select(. == "dog") | key + 1) as $pos | .[0:($pos)] + ["rabbit"] + .[$pos:]`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!seq)::- cat\n- dog\n- rabbit\n- frog\n- cow\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		skipDoc:    true,
+		document:   `[[cat, dog, frog, cow], [apple, banana, grape, mango]]`,
+		expression: `.[] | .[1:3]`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[0], (!!seq)::- dog\n- frog\n",
+			"D0, P[1], (!!seq)::- banana\n- grape\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		skipDoc:     true,
+		description: "second index beyond array clamps",
+		document:    `[cat]`,
+		expression:  `.[:3]`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!seq)::- cat\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		skipDoc:     true,
+		description: "first index beyond array returns nothing",
+		document:    `[cat]`,
+		expression:  `.[3:]`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!seq)::[]\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		skipDoc:    true,
+		document:   `[[cat, dog, frog, cow], [apple, banana, grape, mango]]`,
+		expression: `.[] | .[-2:-1]`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[0], (!!seq)::- frog\n",
+			"D0, P[1], (!!seq)::- grape\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		skipDoc:    true,
+		document:   `[cat1, cat2, cat3, cat4, cat5, cat6, cat7, cat8, cat9, cat10, cat11]`,
+		expression: `.[10:11]`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!seq)::- cat11\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		skipDoc:    true,
+		document:   `[cat1, cat2, cat3, cat4, cat5, cat6, cat7, cat8, cat9, cat10, cat11]`,
+		expression: `.[-11:-10]`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!seq)::- cat1\n",
+		},
+	},
+}
+
+func TestSliceOperatorScenarios(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range sliceArrayScenarios {
+		testScenario(t, &tt)
+	}
+	documentOperatorScenarios(t, "slice-array", sliceArrayScenarios)
+}

pkg/yqlib/operator_sort.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	yaml "gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
@@ -41,18 +42,7 @@ func sortByOperator(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, expressionNode *Expre
 				return Context{}, err
 			}
 
-			nodeToCompare := &yaml.Node{Kind: yaml.ScalarNode, Tag: "!!null"}
-			if compareContext.MatchingNodes.Len() > 0 {
-				nodeToCompare = compareContext.MatchingNodes.Front().Value.(*CandidateNode).Node
-			}
-
-			log.Debug("going to compare %v by %v", NodeToString(candidate.CreateReplacement(originalNode)), NodeToString(candidate.CreateReplacement(nodeToCompare)))
-
-			sortableArray[i] = sortableNode{Node: originalNode, NodeToCompare: nodeToCompare}
-
-			if nodeToCompare.Kind != yaml.ScalarNode {
-				return Context{}, fmt.Errorf("sort only works for scalars, got %v", nodeToCompare.Tag)
-			}
+			sortableArray[i] = sortableNode{Node: originalNode, CompareContext: compareContext, dateTimeLayout: context.GetDateTimeLayout()}
 
 		}
 
@@ -70,8 +60,9 @@ func sortByOperator(d *dataTreeNavigator, context Context, expressionNode *Expre
 }
 
 type sortableNode struct {
-	Node          *yaml.Node
-	NodeToCompare *yaml.Node
+	Node           *yaml.Node
+	CompareContext Context
+	dateTimeLayout string
 }
 
 type sortableNodeArray []sortableNode
@@ -80,18 +71,59 @@ func (a sortableNodeArray) Len() int      { return len(a) }
 func (a sortableNodeArray) Swap(i, j int) { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }
 
 func (a sortableNodeArray) Less(i, j int) bool {
-	lhs := a[i].NodeToCompare
-	rhs := a[j].NodeToCompare
+	lhsContext := a[i].CompareContext
+	rhsContext := a[j].CompareContext
 
-	if lhs.Tag == "!!null" && rhs.Tag != "!!null" {
-		return true
-	} else if lhs.Tag != "!!null" && rhs.Tag == "!!null" {
-		return false
-	} else if lhs.Tag == "!!bool" && rhs.Tag != "!!bool" {
-		return true
-	} else if lhs.Tag != "!!bool" && rhs.Tag == "!!bool" {
-		return false
-	} else if lhs.Tag == "!!bool" && rhs.Tag == "!!bool" {
+	rhsEl := rhsContext.MatchingNodes.Front()
+	for lhsEl := lhsContext.MatchingNodes.Front(); lhsEl != nil && rhsEl != nil; lhsEl = lhsEl.Next() {
+		lhs := lhsEl.Value.(*CandidateNode)
+		rhs := rhsEl.Value.(*CandidateNode)
+
+		result := a.compare(lhs.Node, rhs.Node, a[i].dateTimeLayout)
+
+		if result < 0 {
+			return true
+		} else if result > 0 {
+			return false
+		}
+
+		rhsEl = rhsEl.Next()
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (a sortableNodeArray) compare(lhs *yaml.Node, rhs *yaml.Node, dateTimeLayout string) int {
+	lhsTag := lhs.Tag
+	rhsTag := rhs.Tag
+
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(lhsTag, "!!") {
+		// custom tag - we have to have a guess
+		lhsTag = guessTagFromCustomType(lhs)
+	}
+
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(rhsTag, "!!") {
+		// custom tag - we have to have a guess
+		rhsTag = guessTagFromCustomType(rhs)
+	}
+
+	isDateTime := lhsTag == "!!timestamp" && rhsTag == "!!timestamp"
+	layout := dateTimeLayout
+	// if the lhs is a string, it might be a timestamp in a custom format.
+	if lhsTag == "!!str" && layout != time.RFC3339 {
+		_, errLhs := parseDateTime(layout, lhs.Value)
+		_, errRhs := parseDateTime(layout, rhs.Value)
+		isDateTime = errLhs == nil && errRhs == nil
+	}
+
+	if lhsTag == "!!null" && rhsTag != "!!null" {
+		return -1
+	} else if lhsTag != "!!null" && rhsTag == "!!null" {
+		return 1
+	} else if lhsTag == "!!bool" && rhsTag != "!!bool" {
+		return -1
+	} else if lhsTag != "!!bool" && rhsTag == "!!bool" {
+		return 1
+	} else if lhsTag == "!!bool" && rhsTag == "!!bool" {
 		lhsTruthy, err := isTruthyNode(lhs)
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(fmt.Errorf("could not parse %v as boolean: %w", lhs.Value, err))
@@ -101,11 +133,31 @@ func (a sortableNodeArray) Less(i, j int) bool {
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(fmt.Errorf("could not parse %v as boolean: %w", rhs.Value, err))
 		}
+		if lhsTruthy == rhsTruthy {
+			return 0
+		} else if lhsTruthy {
+			return 1
+		}
+		return -1
+	} else if isDateTime {
+		lhsTime, err := parseDateTime(layout, lhs.Value)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warningf("Could not parse time %v with layout %v for sort, sorting by string instead: %w", lhs.Value, layout, err)
+			return strings.Compare(lhs.Value, rhs.Value)
+		}
+		rhsTime, err := parseDateTime(layout, rhs.Value)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warningf("Could not parse time %v with layout %v for sort, sorting by string instead: %w", rhs.Value, layout, err)
+			return strings.Compare(lhs.Value, rhs.Value)
+		}
+		if lhsTime.Equal(rhsTime) {
+			return 0
+		} else if lhsTime.Before(rhsTime) {
+			return -1
+		}
 
-		return !lhsTruthy && rhsTruthy
-	} else if lhs.Tag != rhs.Tag || lhs.Tag == "!!str" {
-		return strings.Compare(lhs.Value, rhs.Value) < 0
-	} else if lhs.Tag == "!!int" && rhs.Tag == "!!int" {
+		return 1
+	} else if lhsTag == "!!int" && rhsTag == "!!int" {
 		_, lhsNum, err := parseInt64(lhs.Value)
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(err)
@@ -114,8 +166,8 @@ func (a sortableNodeArray) Less(i, j int) bool {
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(err)
 		}
-		return lhsNum < rhsNum
-	} else if (lhs.Tag == "!!int" || lhs.Tag == "!!float") && (rhs.Tag == "!!int" || rhs.Tag == "!!float") {
+		return int(lhsNum - rhsNum)
+	} else if (lhsTag == "!!int" || lhsTag == "!!float") && (rhsTag == "!!int" || rhsTag == "!!float") {
 		lhsNum, err := strconv.ParseFloat(lhs.Value, 64)
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(err)
@@ -124,8 +176,14 @@ func (a sortableNodeArray) Less(i, j int) bool {
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(err)
 		}
-		return lhsNum < rhsNum
+		if lhsNum == rhsNum {
+			return 0
+		} else if lhsNum < rhsNum {
+			return -1
+		}
+
+		return 1
 	}
 
-	return true
+	return strings.Compare(lhs.Value, rhs.Value)
 }

pkg/yqlib/operator_sort_test.go

@@ -11,6 +11,32 @@ var sortByOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 			"D0, P[], (!!seq)::[{a: apple}, {a: banana}, {a: cat}]\n",
 		},
 	},
+	{
+		description: "Sort by multiple fields",
+		document:    "[{a: dog},{a: cat, b: banana},{a: cat, b: apple}]",
+		expression:  `sort_by(.a, .b)`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!seq)::[{a: cat, b: apple}, {a: cat, b: banana}, {a: dog}]\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		description: "Sort by multiple fields",
+		skipDoc:     true,
+		document:    "[{a: dog, b: good},{a: cat, c: things},{a: cat, b: apple}]",
+		expression:  `sort_by(.a, .b)`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!seq)::[{a: cat, c: things}, {a: cat, b: apple}, {a: dog, b: good}]\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		description: "Sort by multiple fields",
+		skipDoc:     true,
+		document:    "[{a: dog, b: 0.1},{a: cat, b: 0.01},{a: cat, b: 0.001}]",
+		expression:  `sort_by(.a, .b)`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!seq)::[{a: cat, b: 0.001}, {a: cat, b: 0.01}, {a: dog, b: 0.1}]\n",
+		},
+	},
 	{
 		description:    "Sort descending by string field",
 		subdescription: "Use sort with reverse to sort in descending order.",
@@ -54,6 +80,14 @@ var sortByOperatorScenarios = []expressionScenario{
 			"D0, P[], (!!seq)::[{a: 1}, {a: 10}, {a: 100}]\n",
 		},
 	},
+	{
+		description: "Sort by custom date field",
+		document:    `[{a: "12-Jun-2011"},{a: "23-Dec-2010"},{a: "10-Aug-2011"}]`,
+		expression:  `with_dtf("02-Jan-2006"; sort_by(.a))`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!seq)::[{a: \"23-Dec-2010\"}, {a: \"12-Jun-2011\"}, {a: \"10-Aug-2011\"}]\n",
+		},
+	},
 	{
 		skipDoc:    true,
 		document:   "[{a: 1.1},{a: 1.001},{a: 1.01}]",

pkg/yqlib/operator_strings.go

@@ -432,6 +432,7 @@ func split(value string, spltStr string) *yaml.Node {
 	var contents []*yaml.Node
 
 	if value != "" {
+		log.Debug("going to spltStr[%v]", spltStr)
 		var newStrings = strings.Split(value, spltStr)
 		contents = make([]*yaml.Node, len(newStrings))
 

pkg/yqlib/operator_subtract.go

@@ -92,10 +92,10 @@ func subtractScalars(context Context, target *CandidateNode, lhs *yaml.Node, rhs
 		rhsTag = guessTagFromCustomType(rhs)
 	}
 
-	isDateTime := lhs.Tag == "!!timestamp"
+	isDateTime := lhsTag == "!!timestamp"
 	// if the lhs is a string, it might be a timestamp in a custom format.
 	if lhsTag == "!!str" && context.GetDateTimeLayout() != time.RFC3339 {
-		_, err := time.Parse(context.GetDateTimeLayout(), lhs.Value)
+		_, err := parseDateTime(context.GetDateTimeLayout(), lhs.Value)
 		isDateTime = err == nil
 	}
 
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func subtractDateTime(layout string, target *CandidateNode, lhs *yaml.Node, rhs
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to parse duration [%v]: %w", rhs.Value, err)
 	}
 
-	currentTime, err := time.Parse(layout, lhs.Value)
+	currentTime, err := parseDateTime(layout, lhs.Value)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}