Fixing merge anchor key order

also add a unit test for func FormatStringFromFilename to cover such case

.dockerignore

@@ -1 +1 @@
-bin
+bin/*

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+github: mikefarah

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report_v3.md

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Bug report - V3
-about: Create a report to help us improve
-title: ''
-labels: bug, v3
-assignees: ''
-
----
-
-**Describe the bug**
-A clear and concise description of what the bug is.
-
-Note that any how to questions should be posted in the discussion board and not raised as an issue.
-
-Version of yq: 3.X.X
-Operating system: mac/linux/windows/....
-Installed via: docker/binary release/homebrew/snap/...
-
-**Input Yaml**
-Concise yaml document(s) (as simple as possible to show the bug, please keep it to 10 lines or less)
-data1.yml:
-```yaml
-this: should really work
-```
-
-data2.yml:
-```yaml
-but: it strangely didn't
-```
-
-**Command**
-The command you ran:
-```
-yq merge data1.yml data2.yml
-```
-
-**Actual behavior**
-
-```yaml
-cat: meow
-```
-
-**Expected behavior**
-
-```yaml
-this: should really work
-but: it strangely didn't
-```
-
-**Additional context**
-Add any other context about the problem here.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ country: Australia
 And we run a command:
 
 ```bash
-yq eval 'predictWeatherOf(.country)'
+yq 'predictWeatherOf(.country)'
 ```
 
 it could output

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# To get started with Dependabot version updates, you'll need to specify which
+# package ecosystems to update and where the package manifests are located.
+# Please see the documentation for all configuration options:
+# https://help.github.com/github/administering-a-repository/configuration-options-for-dependency-updates
+
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: docker
+    directory: /
+    schedule:
+      day: thursday
+      interval: weekly
+  - package-ecosystem: github-actions
+    directory: /
+    schedule:
+      day: thursday
+      interval: weekly
+  - package-ecosystem: gomod
+    directory: /
+    schedule:
+      day: thursday
+      interval: weekly

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# For most projects, this workflow file will not need changing; you simply need
+# to commit it to your repository.
+#
+# You may wish to alter this file to override the set of languages analyzed,
+# or to provide custom queries or build logic.
+#
+# ******** NOTE ********
+# We have attempted to detect the languages in your repository. Please check
+# the `language` matrix defined below to confirm you have the correct set of
+# supported CodeQL languages.
+#
+name: "CodeQL"
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ master ]
+  pull_request:
+    # The branches below must be a subset of the branches above
+    branches: [ master ]
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '24 3 * * 1'
+
+jobs:
+  analyze:
+    name: Analyze
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+      security-events: write
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        language: [ 'go' ]
+        # CodeQL supports [ 'cpp', 'csharp', 'go', 'java', 'javascript', 'python', 'ruby' ]
+        # Learn more about CodeQL language support at https://aka.ms/codeql-docs/language-support
+
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout repository
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+    # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
+    - name: Initialize CodeQL
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
+      with:
+        languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
+        # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
+        # By default, queries listed here will override any specified in a config file.
+        # Prefix the list here with "+" to use these queries and those in the config file.
+        # queries: ./path/to/local/query, your-org/your-repo/queries@main
+
+    # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
+    # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
+    - name: Autobuild
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v3
+
+    # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
+    # 📚 See https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#jobsjob_idstepsrun
+
+    # ✏️ If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following three lines
+    #    and modify them (or add more) to build your code if your project
+    #    uses a compiled language
+
+    #- run: |
+    #   make bootstrap
+    #   make release
+
+    - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3

.github/workflows/docker-release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+name: Release Docker
+
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [released]
+
+  # Allows you to run this workflow manually from the Actions tab
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  publishDocker:
+    environment: dockerhub
+    env:
+      IMAGE_NAME: mikefarah/yq
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Set up QEMU
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        with:
+          platforms: all
+
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        id: buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        with:
+          version: latest
+
+      - name: Available platforms
+        run: echo ${{ steps.buildx.outputs.platforms }} && docker version
+
+      - name: Login to Docker Hub
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
+
+      - name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          registry: ghcr.io
+          username: ${{ github.actor }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Build and push image
+        run: |
+          echo "GithubRef: ${GITHUB_REF}"
+          VERSION=${GITHUB_REF##*/}
+          echo "VERSION: ${VERSION}"
+          IMAGE_VERSION=${VERSION:1}
+          echo "IMAGE_VERSION: ${IMAGE_VERSION}"
+
+          PLATFORMS="linux/amd64,linux/ppc64le,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v7,linux/s390x"
+
+          echo "Building and pushing version ${IMAGE_VERSION} of image ${IMAGE_NAME}"
+          docker buildx build \
+            --label "org.opencontainers.image.authors=https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/graphs/contributors" \
+            --label "org.opencontainers.image.created=$(date --rfc-3339=seconds)" \
+            --label "org.opencontainers.image.description=yq is a portable command-line data file processor" \
+            --label "org.opencontainers.image.documentation=https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/" \
+            --label "org.opencontainers.image.licenses=MIT" \
+            --label "org.opencontainers.image.revision=$(git rev-parse HEAD)" \
+            --label "org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/mikefarah/yq" \
+            --label "org.opencontainers.image.title=yq" \
+            --label "org.opencontainers.image.url=https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/" \
+            --label "org.opencontainers.image.version=${IMAGE_VERSION}" \
+            --platform "${PLATFORMS}" \
+            --pull \
+            --push \
+            -t "${IMAGE_NAME}:${IMAGE_VERSION}" \
+            -t "${IMAGE_NAME}:4" \
+            -t "${IMAGE_NAME}:latest" \
+            -t "ghcr.io/${IMAGE_NAME}:${IMAGE_VERSION}" \
+            -t "ghcr.io/${IMAGE_NAME}:4" \
+            -t "ghcr.io/${IMAGE_NAME}:latest" \
+            .
+
+          cd github-action
+          docker buildx build \
+            --label "org.opencontainers.image.authors=https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/graphs/contributors" \
+            --label "org.opencontainers.image.created=$(date --rfc-3339=seconds)" \
+            --label "org.opencontainers.image.description=yq is a portable command-line data file processor" \
+            --label "org.opencontainers.image.documentation=https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/" \
+            --label "org.opencontainers.image.licenses=MIT" \
+            --label "org.opencontainers.image.revision=$(git rev-parse HEAD)" \
+            --label "org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/mikefarah/yq" \
+            --label "org.opencontainers.image.title=yq" \
+            --label "org.opencontainers.image.url=https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/" \
+            --label "org.opencontainers.image.version=${IMAGE_VERSION}" \
+            --platform "${PLATFORMS}" \
+            --pull \
+            --push \
+            -t "${IMAGE_NAME}:${IMAGE_VERSION}-githubaction" \
+            -t "${IMAGE_NAME}:4-githubaction" \
+            -t "${IMAGE_NAME}:latest-githubaction" \
+            -t "ghcr.io/${IMAGE_NAME}:${IMAGE_VERSION}-githubaction" \
+            -t "ghrc.io/${IMAGE_NAME}:4-githubaction" \
+            -t "ghcr.io/${IMAGE_NAME}:latest-githubaction" \
+            .

.github/workflows/go.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 name: Build
-on: [push]
+on: [push, pull_request]
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
 
   build:
@@ -7,14 +10,14 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
 
-    - name: Set up Go 1.15
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v1
+    - name: Set up Go
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v5
       with:
-        go-version: 1.15
+        go-version: '^1.20'
       id: go
 
     - name: Check out code into the Go module directory
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
     - name: Get dependencies
       run: |
@@ -24,8 +27,9 @@ jobs:
             dep ensure
         fi
 
-    - name: Download deps
+    - name: Check the build
+      shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
         export PATH=${PATH}:`go env GOPATH`/bin
         scripts/devtools.sh
-        make local build
+        make local build

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -2,79 +2,50 @@ name: Release YQ
 on:
   push:
     tags:
-      - 'v*'
+      - 'v4.*'
+      - 'draft-*'
 
 jobs:
   publishGitRelease:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: '^1.15'
+          go-version: '^1.20'
+          check-latest: true
+      - name: Compile man page markup
+        id: gen-man-page-md
+        run: |
+          ./scripts/generate-man-page-md.sh
+
+      - name: Get the version
+        id: get_version
+        run: echo "VERSION=${GITHUB_REF##*/}" >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+
+      - name: Generate man page
+        uses: docker://pandoc/core:2.14.2
+        id: gen-man-page
+        with:
+          args: >-
+            --standalone
+            --to man
+            --variable=title:"YQ"
+            --variable=section:"1"
+            --variable=header:"yq (https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/) version ${{ steps.get_version.outputs.VERSION }}"
+            --variable=author:"Mike Farah"
+            --output=yq.1
+            man.md
+
       - name: Cross compile
         run: |
           sudo apt-get install rhash -y
-          go get github.com/mitchellh/gox
+          go install github.com/goreleaser/goreleaser/v2@latest
           ./scripts/xcompile.sh
 
-      - name: Create Release
-        id: create_release
-        uses: actions/create-release@v1.0.0
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Release
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
         with:
-          tag_name: ${{ github.ref }}
-          release_name: ${{ github.ref }}
+          files: build/*
           draft: true
-          prerelease: false
-
-      - uses: shogo82148/actions-upload-release-asset@v1
-        with:
-          upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }}
-          asset_path: build/*
-
-  publishDocker:
-    environment: dockerhub
-    env:
-      IMAGE_NAME: mikefarah/yq
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Get latest release tag      
-        uses: oprypin/find-latest-tag@v1
-        with:
-          repository: mikefarah/yq  # The repository to scan.
-          releases-only: true  # We know that all relevant tags have a GitHub release for them.
-        id: yq  
-        
-      - name: Clone source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
-        with:
-          ref: ${{ steps.yq.outputs.tag }}
-      
-      - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v1
-        with:
-          platforms: all
-  
-      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        id: buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v1
-        with:
-          version: latest
-
-      - name: Available platforms
-        run: echo ${{ steps.buildx.outputs.platforms }} && docker version
- 
-      - name: Build and push image
-        run: |
-          IMAGE_V_VERSION="$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0)"
-          IMAGE_VERSION=${IMAGE_V_VERSION:1}
-
-          SHORT_SHA1=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)
-          PLATFORMS="linux/amd64,linux/ppc64le,linux/arm64"
-          echo "Building and pushing version ${IMAGE_VERSION} of image ${IMAGE_NAME}"
-          echo ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }} | docker login -u ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }} --password-stdin
-          docker buildx build --platform "${PLATFORMS}" -t "${IMAGE_NAME}:${IMAGE_VERSION}"  -t "${IMAGE_NAME}:latest" -t "${IMAGE_NAME}:4" \
-            --push .
-    
+          fail_on_unmatched_files: true

.github/workflows/snap-release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+name: Release Snap
+
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [released]
+
+  # Allows you to run this workflow manually from the Actions tab
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+    buildSnap:
+      environment: snap
+      runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+      steps:
+        - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        - uses: snapcore/action-build@v1
+          id: build
+        - uses: snapcore/action-publish@v1
+          env:
+            SNAPCRAFT_STORE_CREDENTIALS: ${{ secrets.STORE_LOGIN }}
+          with:
+            snap: ${{ steps.build.outputs.snap }}
+            release: stable

.github/workflows/test-yq.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+name: Test Yq Action
+on: 
+  push:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+
+  build:
+    name: Build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Get test
+        id: get_value
+        uses: mikefarah/yq@master
+        with:
+          cmd: yq '.test' examples/multiline-text.yaml
+      - name: Multiline test
+        run: echo "### It was [${{ steps.get_value.outputs.result }}]" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+      - name: Write inplace test
+        id: lookupSdkVersion
+        uses: mikefarah/yq@master
+        with:
+          cmd: yq -i '.b.c = 5' examples/sample.yaml

.gitignore

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ _cgo_gotypes.go
 _cgo_export.*
 
 _testmain.go
+cover.out
 coverage.out
 coverage.html
 *.exe
@@ -38,3 +39,31 @@ parts/
 prime/
 .snapcraft/
 yq*.snap
+
+test.yml
+test*.yml
+test*.xml
+test*.toml
+test*.yaml
+test_dir1/
+test_dir2/
+0.yml
+1.yml
+2.yml
+
+
+# man page
+man.md
+yq.1
+
+# debian pkg
+_build
+debian/files
+
+# intellij
+/.idea
+
+# vscode
+.vscode
+
+yq3

.golangci.bck.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+run:
+  timeout: 5m
+linters:
+  enable:
+    - asciicheck
+    - depguard
+    - errorlint
+    - gci
+    - gochecknoinits
+    - gofmt
+    - goimports
+    - gosec
+    - gosimple
+    - staticcheck
+    - unused
+    - misspell
+    - nakedret
+    - nolintlint
+    - predeclared
+    - revive
+    - unconvert
+    - unparam
+linters-settings:
+  depguard:
+    rules:
+      prevent_unmaintained_packages:
+        list-mode: lax
+        files:
+          - $all
+          - "!$test"
+        deny:
+          - pkg: io/ioutil
+            desc: "replaced by io and os packages since Go 1.16: https://tip.golang.org/doc/go1.16#ioutil"
+issues:
+  exclude-rules:
+  - linters:
+    - revive
+    text: "var-naming"

.golangci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+version: "2"
+linters:
+  enable:
+    - asciicheck
+    - depguard
+    - errorlint
+    - gochecknoinits
+    - gosec
+    - misspell
+    - nakedret
+    - nolintlint
+    - predeclared
+    - revive
+    - unconvert
+    - unparam
+  settings:
+    depguard:
+      rules:
+        prevent_unmaintained_packages:
+          list-mode: lax
+          files:
+            - $all
+            - '!$test'
+          deny:
+            - pkg: io/ioutil
+              desc: 'replaced by io and os packages since Go 1.16: https://tip.golang.org/doc/go1.16#ioutil'
+  exclusions:
+    generated: lax
+    presets:
+      - comments
+      - common-false-positives
+      - legacy
+      - std-error-handling
+    rules:
+      - linters:
+          - revive
+        text: var-naming
+    paths:
+      - third_party$
+      - builtin$
+      - examples$
+formatters:
+  enable:
+    - gci
+    - gofmt
+    - goimports
+  exclusions:
+    generated: lax
+    paths:
+      - third_party$
+      - builtin$
+      - examples$

.goreleaser.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+version: 2
+
+dist: build
+
+builds:
+  - id: yq
+
+    binary: yq_{{ .Os }}_{{ .Arch }}
+
+    ldflags:
+      - -s -w
+
+    env:
+      - CGO_ENABLED=0
+
+    targets:
+      - darwin_amd64
+      - darwin_arm64
+      - freebsd_386
+      - freebsd_amd64
+      - freebsd_arm
+      - linux_386
+      - linux_amd64
+      - linux_arm
+      - linux_arm64
+      - linux_mips
+      - linux_mips64
+      - linux_mips64le
+      - linux_mipsle
+      - linux_ppc64
+      - linux_ppc64le
+      - linux_riscv64
+      - linux_s390x
+      - netbsd_386
+      - netbsd_amd64
+      - netbsd_arm
+      - openbsd_386
+      - openbsd_amd64
+      - windows_386
+      - windows_amd64
+      - windows_arm
+      - windows_arm64
+
+    no_unique_dist_dir: true
+
+release:
+  disable: true
+  skip_upload: true

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-1. Install (golang)[https://golang.org/]
+.# Development
+
+1. Install (Golang)[https://golang.org/]
 1. Run  `scripts/devtools.sh` to install the required devtools
 2. Run `make [local] vendor` to install the vendor dependencies
 2. Run `make [local] test` to ensure you can run the existing tests
@@ -6,3 +8,35 @@
 4. Make the code changes.
 5. `make [local] test` to lint code and run tests
 6. Profit! ok no profit, but raise a PR and get kudos :)
+
+
+# Documentation
+
+The documentation is a bit of a mixed bag (sorry in advance, I do plan on simplifying it...) - with some parts automatically generated and stiched together and some statically defined.
+
+Documentation is written in markdown, and is published in the 'gitbook' branch.
+
+The various operator documentation (e.g. 'strings') are generated from the 'master' branch, and have a statically defined header (e.g. `pkg/yqlib/doc/operators/headers/add.md`) and the bulk of the docs are generated from the unit tests e.g. `pkg/yqlib/operator_add_test.go`.
+
+The pipeline will run the tests and automatically concatenate the files together, and put them under 
+`pkg/qylib/doc/add.md`. These files are checked in the master branch (and are copied to the gitbook branch as part of the release process).
+
+## How to contribute
+
+The first step is to find if what you want is automatically generated or not - start by looking in the master branch. 
+
+Note that PRs with small changes (e.g. minor typos) may not be merged (see https://joel.net/how-one-guy-ruined-hacktoberfest2020-drama).
+
+### Updating dynamic documentation from master
+- Search for the documentation you want to update. If you find matches in a `*_test.go` file - update that, as that will automatically update the matching `*.md` file 
+- Assuming you are updating a `*_test.go` file, once updated, run the test to regenerated the docs. E.g. for the 'Add' test generated docs, from the pkg/yqlib folder run:
+`go test -run TestAddOperatorScenarios` which will run that test defined in the `operator_add_test.go` file.
+- Ensure the tests still pass, and check the generated documentation have your update.
+- Note: If the documentation is only in a `headers/*.md` file, then just update that directly
+- Raise a PR to merge the changes into master!
+
+### Updating static documentation from the gitbook branch
+If you haven't found what you want to update in the master branch, then check the gitbook branch directly as there are a few pages in there that are not in master.
+
+- Update the `*.md` files
+- Raise a PR to merge the changes into gitbook.

Dockerfile

@@ -1,25 +1,28 @@
-FROM golang:1.15 as builder
+FROM golang:1.24.5 AS builder
 
 WORKDIR /go/src/mikefarah/yq
 
-# cache devtools
-COPY ./scripts/devtools.sh /go/src/mikefarah/yq/scripts/devtools.sh
-RUN ./scripts/devtools.sh
+COPY . .
 
-COPY . /go/src/mikefarah/yq
-
-RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 make local build
+RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -ldflags "-s -w" .
+# RUN ./scripts/test.sh -- this too often times out in the github pipeline.
+RUN ./scripts/acceptance.sh
 
 # Choose alpine as a base image to make this useful for CI, as many
 # CI tools expect an interactive shell inside the container
-FROM alpine:3.12.3 as production
+FROM alpine:3 AS production
+LABEL maintainer="Mike Farah <mikefarah@users.noreply.github.com>"
 
 COPY --from=builder /go/src/mikefarah/yq/yq /usr/bin/yq
-RUN chmod +x /usr/bin/yq
-
-ARG VERSION=none
-LABEL version=${VERSION}
 
 WORKDIR /workdir
 
+RUN set -eux; \
+  addgroup -g 1000 yq; \
+  adduser -u 1000 -G yq -s /bin/sh -h /home/yq -D yq
+
+RUN chown -R yq:yq /workdir
+
+USER yq
+
 ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/yq"]

Dockerfile.dev

@@ -1,31 +1,15 @@
-FROM golang:1.15
+FROM golang:1.24.5
+
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    apt-get install -y npm && \
+    npm install -g npx cspell@latest
 
 COPY scripts/devtools.sh /opt/devtools.sh
 
-RUN set -e -x \
-    && /opt/devtools.sh
-ENV PATH=/go/bin:$PATH
+RUN set -e -x && \
+    /opt/devtools.sh
 
-# install mkdocs
-RUN set -ex \
-    && buildDeps=' \
-        build-essential \
-        python3-dev \
-    ' \
-    && apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
-        $buildDeps \
-        python3 \
-        python3-setuptools \
-        python3-wheel \
-        python3-pip \
-    && pip3 install --upgrade \
-        pip \
-        'Markdown>=2.6.9' \
-        'mkdocs>=0.16.3' \
-        'mkdocs-material>=1.10.1' \
-        'markdown-include>=0.5.1' \
-    && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove $buildDeps \
-    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+ENV PATH=/go/bin:$PATH
 
 ENV CGO_ENABLED 0
 ENV GOPATH /go:/yq

LICENSE

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
 Copyright (c) 2017 Mike Farah
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy

Makefile

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ MAKEFLAGS += --warn-undefined-variables
 SHELL := /bin/bash
 .SHELLFLAGS := -o pipefail -euc
 .DEFAULT_GOAL := install
+ENGINE := $(shell { (podman version > /dev/null 2>&1 && command -v podman) || command -v docker; } 2>/dev/null)
 
 include Makefile.variables
 
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ help:
 	@echo '    make vendor          Install dependencies to vendor directory.'
 	@echo '    make format          Run code formatter.'
 	@echo '    make check           Run static code analysis (lint).'
+	@echo '    make secure          Run gosec.'
 	@echo '    make test            Run tests on project.'
 	@echo '    make cover           Run tests and capture code coverage metrics on project.'
 	@echo '    make clean           Clean the directory tree of produced artifacts.'
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ clean:
 
 ## prefix before other make targets to run in your local dev environment
 local: | quiet
-	@$(eval DOCKRUN= )
+	@$(eval ENGINERUN= )
 	@mkdir -p tmp
 	@touch tmp/dev_image_id
 quiet: # this is silly but shuts up 'Nothing to be done for `local`'
@@ -41,9 +43,9 @@ quiet: # this is silly but shuts up 'Nothing to be done for `local`'
 prepare: tmp/dev_image_id
 tmp/dev_image_id: Dockerfile.dev scripts/devtools.sh
 	@mkdir -p tmp
-	@docker rmi -f ${DEV_IMAGE} > /dev/null 2>&1 || true
-	@docker build -t ${DEV_IMAGE} -f Dockerfile.dev .
-	@docker inspect -f "{{ .ID }}" ${DEV_IMAGE} > tmp/dev_image_id
+	@${ENGINE} rmi -f ${DEV_IMAGE} > /dev/null 2>&1 || true
+	@${ENGINE} build -t ${DEV_IMAGE} -f Dockerfile.dev .
+	@${ENGINE} inspect -f "{{ .ID }}" ${DEV_IMAGE} > tmp/dev_image_id
 
 # ----------------------------------------------
 # build
@@ -53,58 +55,65 @@ build: build/dev
 .PHONY: build/dev
 build/dev: test *.go
 	@mkdir -p bin/
-	${DOCKRUN} go build --ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)"
-	${DOCKRUN} bash ./scripts/acceptance.sh
+	${ENGINERUN} go build --ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)"
+	${ENGINERUN} bash ./scripts/acceptance.sh
 
 ## Compile the project for multiple OS and Architectures.
 xcompile: check
 	@rm -rf build/
 	@mkdir -p build
-	${DOCKRUN} bash ./scripts/xcompile.sh
+	${ENGINERUN} bash ./scripts/xcompile.sh
 	@find build -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \; || :
 	@find build -type f -exec chmod 755 {} \; || :
 
 .PHONY: install
 install: build
-	${DOCKRUN} go install
+	${ENGINERUN} go install
 
 # Each of the fetch should be an entry within vendor.json; not currently included within project
 .PHONY: vendor
 vendor: tmp/dev_image_id
-	${DOCKRUN} go mod vendor
+	@mkdir -p vendor
+	${ENGINERUN} go mod vendor
 
 # ----------------------------------------------
 # develop and test
 
 .PHONY: format
 format: vendor
-	${DOCKRUN} bash ./scripts/format.sh
+	${ENGINERUN} bash ./scripts/format.sh
+
+
+.PHONY: spelling
+spelling: format
+	${ENGINERUN} bash ./scripts/spelling.sh
+
+.PHONY: secure
+secure: spelling
+	${ENGINERUN} bash ./scripts/secure.sh
 
 .PHONY: check
-check: format
-	${DOCKRUN} bash ./scripts/check.sh
+check: secure
+	${ENGINERUN} bash ./scripts/check.sh
+
+
 
 .PHONY: test
 test: check
-	${DOCKRUN} bash ./scripts/test.sh
+	${ENGINERUN} bash ./scripts/test.sh
 
 .PHONY: cover
 cover: check
 	@rm -rf cover/
 	@mkdir -p cover
-	${DOCKRUN} bash ./scripts/coverage.sh
+	${ENGINERUN} bash ./scripts/coverage.sh
 	@find cover -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \; || :
 	@find cover -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \; || :
 
-.PHONY: build-docs
-build-docs: prepare mkdocs.yml mkdocs/*
-	${DOCKRUN} mkdocs build
-	@find docs -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \; || :
-	@find docs -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \; || :
 
 .PHONY: release
 release: xcompile
-	${DOCKRUN} bash ./scripts/publish.sh
+	${ENGINERUN} bash ./scripts/publish.sh
 
 # ----------------------------------------------
 # utilities

Makefile.variables

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ export GIT_DESCRIBE = $(shell git describe --tags --always)
 LDFLAGS :=
 LDFLAGS += -X main.GitCommit=${GIT_COMMIT}${GIT_DIRTY}
 LDFLAGS += -X main.GitDescribe=${GIT_DESCRIBE}
+LDFLAGS += -w -s
 
 GITHUB_TOKEN ?=
 
@@ -25,14 +26,15 @@ ifeq ($(CYG_CHECK),1)
 else
 	# all non-windows environments
 	ROOT := $(shell pwd)
+	SELINUX := $(shell which getenforce 2>&1 >/dev/null && echo :z)
 endif
 
 DEV_IMAGE := ${PROJECT}_dev
 
-DOCKRUN := docker run --rm \
+ENGINERUN := ${ENGINE} run --rm \
 	-e LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS}" \
 	-e GITHUB_TOKEN="${GITHUB_TOKEN}" \
-	-v ${ROOT}/vendor:/go/src \
-	-v ${ROOT}:/${PROJECT}/src/${IMPORT_PATH} \
+	-v ${ROOT}/vendor:/go/src${SELINUX} \
+	-v ${ROOT}:/${PROJECT}/src/${IMPORT_PATH}${SELINUX} \
 	-w /${PROJECT}/src/${IMPORT_PATH} \
 	${DEV_IMAGE}

README.md

@@ -1,40 +1,97 @@
 # yq
 
-![Build](https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/workflows/Build/badge.svg)  ![Docker Pulls](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/mikefarah/yq.svg) ![Github Releases (by Release)](https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/mikefarah/yq/total.svg) ![Go Report](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/mikefarah/yq)
+![Build](https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/workflows/Build/badge.svg)  ![Docker Pulls](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/mikefarah/yq.svg) ![Github Releases (by Release)](https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/mikefarah/yq/total.svg) ![Go Report](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/mikefarah/yq) ![CodeQL](https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/workflows/CodeQL/badge.svg)
 
 
-a lightweight and portable command-line YAML processor. `yq` uses [jq](https://github.com/stedolan/jq) like syntax but works with yaml files as well as json. It doesn't yet support everything `jq` does - but it does support the most common operations and functions, and more is being added continuously.
+a lightweight and portable command-line YAML, JSON, INI and XML processor. `yq` uses [jq](https://github.com/stedolan/jq) like syntax but works with yaml files as well as json, xml, ini, properties, csv and tsv. It doesn't yet support everything `jq` does - but it does support the most common operations and functions, and more is being added continuously.
 
-yq is written in go - so you can download a dependency free binary for your platform and you are good to go! If you prefer there are a variety of package managers that can be used as well as docker, all listed below.
+yq is written in go - so you can download a dependency free binary for your platform and you are good to go! If you prefer there are a variety of package managers that can be used as well as Docker and Podman, all listed below.
 
-## V4 released!
-V4 is now officially released, it's quite different from V3 (sorry for the migration), however it is much more similar to ```jq```, using a similar expression syntax and therefore support much more complex functionality! 
+## Quick Usage Guide
 
-If you've been using v3 and want/need to upgrade, checkout the [upgrade guide](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/v/v4.x/upgrading-from-v3).
+Read a value:
+```bash
+yq '.a.b[0].c' file.yaml
+```
 
-Support for v3 will cease August 2021, until then, critical bug and security fixes will still get applied if required.
+Pipe from STDIN:
+```bash
+yq '.a.b[0].c' < file.yaml
+```
+
+Update a yaml file, in place
+```bash
+yq -i '.a.b[0].c = "cool"' file.yaml
+```
+
+Update using environment variables
+```bash
+NAME=mike yq -i '.a.b[0].c = strenv(NAME)' file.yaml
+```
+
+Merge multiple files
+```bash
+# merge two files
+yq -n 'load("file1.yaml") * load("file2.yaml")'
+
+# merge using globs:
+# note the use of `ea` to evaluate all the files at once
+# instead of in sequence
+yq ea '. as $item ireduce ({}; . * $item )' path/to/*.yml
+```
+
+Multiple updates to a yaml file
+```bash
+yq -i '
+  .a.b[0].c = "cool" |
+  .x.y.z = "foobar" |
+  .person.name = strenv(NAME)
+' file.yaml
+```
+
+Find and update an item in an array:
+```bash
+yq '(.[] | select(.name == "foo") | .address) = "12 cat st"'
+```
+
+Convert JSON to YAML
+```bash
+yq -Poy sample.json
+```
+
+See [recipes](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/recipes) for more examples and the [documentation](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/) for more information.
+
+Take a look at the discussions for [common questions](https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/discussions/categories/q-a), and [cool ideas](https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/discussions/categories/show-and-tell)
 
 ## Install
 
 ### [Download the latest binary](https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/releases/latest)
 
 ### wget
-Use wget to download the pre-compiled binaries:
+Use wget to download, gzipped pre-compiled binaries:
+
+
+For instance, VERSION=v4.2.0 and BINARY=yq_linux_amd64
 
 #### Compressed via tar.gz
 ```bash
 wget https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/releases/download/${VERSION}/${BINARY}.tar.gz -O - |\
-  tar xz && mv ${BINARY} /usr/bin/yq
+  tar xz && mv ${BINARY} /usr/local/bin/yq
 ```
 
 #### Plain binary
 
 ```bash
-wget https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/releases/download/${VERSION}/${BINARY} -O /usr/bin/yq &&\
-    chmod +x /usr/bin/yq
+wget https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/releases/download/${VERSION}/${BINARY} -O /usr/local/bin/yq &&\
+    chmod +x /usr/local/bin/yq
 ```
 
-For instance, VERSION=v4.2.0 and BINARY=yq_linux_amd64
+#### Latest version
+
+```bash
+wget https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/releases/latest/download/yq_linux_amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/yq &&\
+    chmod +x /usr/local/bin/yq
+```
 
 ### MacOS / Linux via Homebrew:
 Using [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/)
@@ -42,55 +99,63 @@ Using [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/)
 brew install yq
 ```
 
-or, for the (deprecated) v3 version:
-
-```
-brew install yq@3
-```
-
-Note that for v3, as it is a versioned brew it will not add the `yq` command to your path automatically. Please follow the instructions given by brew upon installation.
-
 ### Linux via snap:
 ```
 snap install yq
 ```
 
-or, for the (deprecated) v3 version:
-
-```
-snap install yq --channel=v3/stable
-```
-
 #### Snap notes
 `yq` installs with [_strict confinement_](https://docs.snapcraft.io/snap-confinement/6233) in snap, this means it doesn't have direct access to root files. To read root files you can:
 
 ```
-sudo cat /etc/myfile | yq e '.a.path' - 
+sudo cat /etc/myfile | yq '.a.path'
 ```
 
 And to write to a root file you can either use [sponge](https://linux.die.net/man/1/sponge):
 ```
-sudo cat /etc/myfile | yq e '.a.path = "value"' - | sudo sponge /etc/myfile
+sudo cat /etc/myfile | yq '.a.path = "value"' | sudo sponge /etc/myfile
 ```
 or write to a temporary file:
 ```
-sudo cat /etc/myfile | yq e '.a.path = "value"' | sudo tee /etc/myfile.tmp
+sudo cat /etc/myfile | yq '.a.path = "value"' | sudo tee /etc/myfile.tmp
 sudo mv /etc/myfile.tmp /etc/myfile
 rm /etc/myfile.tmp
 ```
 
-### Run with Docker
-
+### Run with Docker or Podman
 #### Oneshot use:
 
 ```bash
-docker run --rm -v "${PWD}":/workdir mikefarah/yq <command> [flags] [expression ]FILE...
+docker run --rm -v "${PWD}":/workdir mikefarah/yq [command] [flags] [expression ]FILE...
+```
+
+Note that you can run `yq` in docker without network access and other privileges if you desire,
+namely `--security-opt=no-new-privileges --cap-drop all --network none`.
+
+```bash
+podman run --rm -v "${PWD}":/workdir mikefarah/yq [command] [flags] [expression ]FILE...
+```
+
+#### Pipe in via STDIN:
+
+You'll need to pass the `-i\--interactive` flag to docker:
+
+```bash
+docker run -i --rm mikefarah/yq '.this.thing' < myfile.yml
+```
+
+```bash
+podman run -i --rm mikefarah/yq '.this.thing' < myfile.yml
 ```
 
 #### Run commands interactively:
 
 ```bash
-docker run --rm -it -v "${PWD}":/workdir mikefarah/yq sh
+docker run --rm -it -v "${PWD}":/workdir --entrypoint sh mikefarah/yq
+```
+
+```bash
+podman run --rm -it -v "${PWD}":/workdir --entrypoint sh mikefarah/yq
 ```
 
 It can be useful to have a bash function to avoid typing the whole docker command:
@@ -101,15 +166,99 @@ yq() {
 }
 ```
 
-### Go Get:
+```bash
+yq() {
+  podman run --rm -i -v "${PWD}":/workdir mikefarah/yq "$@"
+}
 ```
-GO111MODULE=on go get github.com/mikefarah/yq
+#### Running as root:
+
+`yq`'s container image no longer runs under root (https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/pull/860). If you'd like to install more things in the container image, or you're having permissions issues when attempting to read/write files you'll need to either:
+
+
+```
+docker run --user="root" -it --entrypoint sh mikefarah/yq
+```
+
+```
+podman run --user="root" -it --entrypoint sh mikefarah/yq
+```
+
+Or, in your Dockerfile:
+
+```
+FROM mikefarah/yq
+
+USER root
+RUN apk add --no-cache bash
+USER yq
+```
+
+#### Missing timezone data
+By default, the alpine image yq uses does not include timezone data. If you'd like to use the `tz` operator, you'll need to include this data:
+
+```
+FROM mikefarah/yq
+
+USER root
+RUN apk add --no-cache tzdata
+USER yq
+```
+
+#### Podman with SELinux
+
+If you are using podman with SELinux, you will need to set the shared volume flag `:z` on the volume mount:
+
+```
+-v "${PWD}":/workdir:z
+```
+
+### GitHub Action
+```
+  - name: Set foobar to cool
+    uses: mikefarah/yq@master
+    with:
+      cmd: yq -i '.foo.bar = "cool"' 'config.yml'
+  - name: Get an entry with a variable that might contain dots or spaces
+    id: get_username
+    uses: mikefarah/yq@master
+    with:
+      cmd: yq '.all.children.["${{ matrix.ip_address }}"].username' ops/inventories/production.yml
+  - name: Reuse a variable obtained in another step
+    run: echo ${{ steps.get_username.outputs.result }}
+```
+
+See https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/usage/github-action for more.
+
+### Go Install:
+```
+go install github.com/mikefarah/yq/v4@latest
 ```
 
 ## Community Supported Installation methods
 As these are supported by the community :heart: - however, they may be out of date with the officially supported releases.
 
-# Webi
+_Please note that the Debian package (previously supported by @rmescandon) is no longer maintained. Please use an alternative installation method._
+
+
+### X-CMD
+Checkout `yq` on x-cmd: https://x-cmd.com/mod/yq
+
+- Instant Results: See the output of your yq filter in real-time.
+- Error Handling: Encounter a syntax error? It will display the error message and the results of the closest valid filter
+
+Thanks @edwinjhlee!
+
+### Nix
+
+```
+nix profile install nixpkgs#yq-go
+```
+
+See [here](https://search.nixos.org/packages?channel=unstable&show=yq-go&from=0&size=50&sort=relevance&type=packages&query=yq-go)
+
+
+### Webi
 
 ```
 webi yq
@@ -118,12 +267,33 @@ webi yq
 See [webi](https://webinstall.dev/)
 Supported by @adithyasunil26 (https://github.com/webinstall/webi-installers/tree/master/yq)
 
+### Arch Linux
+
+```
+pacman -S go-yq
+```
+
 ### Windows:
+
+Using [Chocolatey](https://chocolatey.org)
+
+[![Chocolatey](https://img.shields.io/chocolatey/v/yq.svg)](https://chocolatey.org/packages/yq)
+[![Chocolatey](https://img.shields.io/chocolatey/dt/yq.svg)](https://chocolatey.org/packages/yq)
 ```
 choco install yq
 ```
 Supported by @chillum (https://chocolatey.org/packages/yq)
 
+Using [scoop](https://scoop.sh/)
+```
+scoop install main/yq
+```
+
+Using [winget](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/package-manager/)
+```
+winget install --id MikeFarah.yq
+```
+
 ### Mac:
 Using [MacPorts](https://www.macports.org/)
 ```
@@ -133,37 +303,50 @@ sudo port install yq
 Supported by @herbygillot (https://ports.macports.org/maintainer/github/herbygillot)
 
 ### Alpine Linux
-- Enable edge/community repo by adding ```$MIRROR/alpine/edge/community``` to ```/etc/apk/repositories```
-- Update database index with ```apk update```
-- Install yq with ```apk add yq```
 
-Supported by Tuan Hoang
-https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/package/edge/community/x86/yq
+Alpine Linux v3.20+ (and Edge):
+```
+apk add yq-go
+```
 
+Alpine Linux up to v3.19:
+```
+apk add yq
+```
 
-### On Ubuntu 16.04 or higher from Debian package:
-```sh
-sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys CC86BB64
-sudo add-apt-repository ppa:rmescandon/yq
-sudo apt update
-sudo apt install yq -y
+Supported by Tuan Hoang (https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/packages?name=yq-go)
+
+### Flox:
+
+Flox can be used to install yq on Linux, MacOS, and Windows through WSL.
+
+```
+flox install yq
 ```
-Supported by @rmescandon (https://launchpad.net/~rmescandon/+archive/ubuntu/yq)
 
 ## Features
+- [Detailed documentation with many examples](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/)
 - Written in portable go, so you can download a lovely dependency free binary
-- Uses similar syntax as `jq` but works with YAML and JSON files
+- Uses similar syntax as `jq` but works with YAML, INI, [JSON](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/usage/convert) and [XML](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/usage/xml) files
 - Fully supports multi document yaml files
+- Supports yaml [front matter](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/usage/front-matter) blocks (e.g. jekyll/assemble)
 - Colorized yaml output
-- [Deeply traverse yaml](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/v/v4.x/traverse)
-- [Sort yaml by keys](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/v/v4.x/sort-keys)
-- Manipulate yaml [comments](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/comment-operators), [styling](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/style), [tags](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/tag) and [anchors and aliases](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/anchor-and-alias-operators).
-- [Update yaml inplace](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/v/v4.x/commands/evaluate#flags)
-- [Complex expressions to select and update](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/v/v4.x/select#select-and-update-matching-values-in-map)
+- [Date/Time manipulation and formatting with TZ](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/operators/datetime)
+- [Deeply data structures](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/operators/traverse-read)
+- [Sort keys](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/operators/sort-keys)
+- Manipulate yaml [comments](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/operators/comment-operators), [styling](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/operators/style), [tags](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/operators/tag) and [anchors and aliases](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/operators/anchor-and-alias-operators).
+- [Update in place](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/v/v4.x/commands/evaluate#flags)
+- [Complex expressions to select and update](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/operators/select#select-and-update-matching-values-in-map)
 - Keeps yaml formatting and comments when updating (though there are issues with whitespace)
-- [Convert to/from json to yaml](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/v/v4.x/usage/convert)
-- [Pipe data in by using '-'](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/v/v4.x/commands/evaluate)
+- [Decode/Encode base64 data](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/operators/encode-decode)
+- [Load content from other files](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/operators/load)
+- [Convert to/from json/ndjson](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/v/v4.x/usage/convert)
+- [Convert to/from xml](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/v/v4.x/usage/xml)
+- [Convert to/from properties](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/v/v4.x/usage/properties)
+- [Convert to/from csv/tsv](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/usage/csv-tsv)
 - [General shell completion scripts (bash/zsh/fish/powershell)](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/v/v4.x/commands/shell-completion)
+- [Reduce](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/operators/reduce) to merge multiple files or sum an array or other fancy things.
+- [Github Action](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/usage/github-action) to use in your automated pipeline (thanks @devorbitus)
 
 ## [Usage](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/)
 
@@ -174,34 +357,67 @@ Usage:
   yq [flags]
   yq [command]
 
+Examples:
+
+# yq defaults to 'eval' command if no command is specified. See "yq eval --help" for more examples.
+yq '.stuff' < myfile.yml # outputs the data at the "stuff" node from "myfile.yml"
+
+yq -i '.stuff = "foo"' myfile.yml # update myfile.yml in place
+
+
 Available Commands:
-  eval             Apply expression to each document in each yaml file given in sequence
-  eval-all         Loads _all_ yaml documents of _all_ yaml files and runs expression once
-  help             Help about any command
-  shell-completion Generate completion script
+  completion  Generate the autocompletion script for the specified shell
+  eval        (default) Apply the expression to each document in each yaml file in sequence
+  eval-all    Loads _all_ yaml documents of _all_ yaml files and runs expression once
+  help        Help about any command
 
 Flags:
-  -C, --colors        force print with colors
-  -e, --exit-status   set exit status if there are no matches or null or false is returned
-  -h, --help          help for yq
-  -I, --indent int    sets indent level for output (default 2)
-  -i, --inplace       update the yaml file inplace of first yaml file given.
-  -M, --no-colors     force print with no colors
-  -N, --no-doc        Don't print document separators (---)
-  -n, --null-input    Don't read input, simply evaluate the expression given. Useful for creating yaml docs from scratch.
-  -P, --prettyPrint    pretty print, shorthand for '... style = ""' 
-  -j, --tojson        output as json. Set indent to 0 to print json in one line.
-  -v, --verbose       verbose mode
-  -V, --version       Print version information and quit
+  -C, --colors                        force print with colors
+      --csv-auto-parse                parse CSV YAML/JSON values (default true)
+      --csv-separator char            CSV Separator character (default ,)
+  -e, --exit-status                   set exit status if there are no matches or null or false is returned
+      --expression string             forcibly set the expression argument. Useful when yq argument detection thinks your expression is a file.
+      --from-file string              Load expression from specified file.
+  -f, --front-matter string           (extract|process) first input as yaml front-matter. Extract will pull out the yaml content, process will run the expression against the yaml content, leaving the remaining data intact
+      --header-preprocess             Slurp any header comments and separators before processing expression. (default true)
+  -h, --help                          help for yq
+  -I, --indent int                    sets indent level for output (default 2)
+  -i, --inplace                       update the file in place of first file given.
+  -p, --input-format string           [auto|a|yaml|y|json|j|props|p|csv|c|tsv|t|xml|x|base64|uri|toml|lua|l|ini|i] parse format for input. (default "auto")
+      --lua-globals                   output keys as top-level global variables
+      --lua-prefix string             prefix (default "return ")
+      --lua-suffix string             suffix (default ";\n")
+      --lua-unquoted                  output unquoted string keys (e.g. {foo="bar"})
+  -M, --no-colors                     force print with no colors
+  -N, --no-doc                        Don't print document separators (---)
+  -0, --nul-output                    Use NUL char to separate values. If unwrap scalar is also set, fail if unwrapped scalar contains NUL char.
+  -n, --null-input                    Don't read input, simply evaluate the expression given. Useful for creating docs from scratch.
+  -o, --output-format string          [auto|a|yaml|y|json|j|props|p|csv|c|tsv|t|xml|x|base64|uri|toml|shell|s|lua|l|ini|i] output format type. (default "auto")
+  -P, --prettyPrint                   pretty print, shorthand for '... style = ""'
+      --properties-array-brackets     use [x] in array paths (e.g. for SpringBoot)
+      --properties-separator string   separator to use between keys and values (default " = ")
+  -s, --split-exp string              print each result (or doc) into a file named (exp). [exp] argument must return a string. You can use $index in the expression as the result counter. The necessary directories will be created.
+      --split-exp-file string         Use a file to specify the split-exp expression.
+      --string-interpolation          Toggles strings interpolation of \(exp) (default true)
+      --tsv-auto-parse                parse TSV YAML/JSON values (default true)
+  -r, --unwrapScalar                  unwrap scalar, print the value with no quotes, colors or comments. Defaults to true for yaml (default true)
+  -v, --verbose                       verbose mode
+  -V, --version                       Print version information and quit
+      --xml-attribute-prefix string   prefix for xml attributes (default "+@")
+      --xml-content-name string       name for xml content (if no attribute name is present). (default "+content")
+      --xml-directive-name string     name for xml directives (e.g. <!DOCTYPE thing cat>) (default "+directive")
+      --xml-keep-namespace            enables keeping namespace after parsing attributes (default true)
+      --xml-proc-inst-prefix string   prefix for xml processing instructions (e.g. <?xml version="1"?>) (default "+p_")
+      --xml-raw-token                 enables using RawToken method instead Token. Commonly disables namespace translations. See https://pkg.go.dev/encoding/xml#Decoder.RawToken for details. (default true)
+      --xml-skip-directives           skip over directives (e.g. <!DOCTYPE thing cat>)
+      --xml-skip-proc-inst            skip over process instructions (e.g. <?xml version="1"?>)
+      --xml-strict-mode               enables strict parsing of XML. See https://pkg.go.dev/encoding/xml for more details.
 
 Use "yq [command] --help" for more information about a command.
 ```
-
-Simple Example:
-
-```bash
-yq e '.a.b | length' f1.yml f2.yml 
-```
-
 ## Known Issues / Missing Features
 - `yq` attempts to preserve comment positions and whitespace as much as possible, but it does not handle all scenarios (see https://github.com/go-yaml/yaml/tree/v3 for details)
+- Powershell has its own...[opinions on quoting yq](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/usage/tips-and-tricks#quotes-in-windows-powershell)
+- "yes", "no" were dropped as boolean values in the yaml 1.2 standard - which is the standard yq assumes.
+
+See [tips and tricks](https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/usage/tips-and-tricks) for more common problems and solutions.

acceptance_tests/bad_args.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+testWriteInPlacePipeIn() {
+  result=$(./yq e -i -n '.a' 2>&1)
+  assertEquals 1 $?
+  assertEquals "Error: write in place flag only applicable when giving an expression and at least one file" "$result"
+}
+
+testWriteInPlacePipeInEvalall() {
+  result=$(./yq ea -i -n '.a' 2>&1)
+  assertEquals 1 $?
+  assertEquals "Error: write in place flag only applicable when giving an expression and at least one file" "$result"
+}
+
+testWriteInPlaceWithSplit() {
+  result=$(./yq e -s "cat" -i '.a = "thing"' test.yml 2>&1)
+  assertEquals 1 $?
+  assertEquals "Error: write in place cannot be used with split file" "$result"
+}
+
+testWriteInPlaceWithSplitEvalAll() {
+  result=$(./yq ea -s "cat" -i '.a = "thing"' test.yml 2>&1)
+  assertEquals 1 $?
+  assertEquals "Error: write in place cannot be used with split file" "$result"
+}
+
+testNullWithFiles() {
+  result=$(./yq e -n '.a = "thing"' test.yml 2>&1)
+  assertEquals 1 $?
+  assertEquals "Error: cannot pass files in when using null-input flag" "$result"
+}
+
+testNullWithFilesEvalAll() {
+  result=$(./yq ea -n '.a = "thing"' test.yml 2>&1)
+  assertEquals 1 $?
+  assertEquals "Error: cannot pass files in when using null-input flag" "$result"
+}
+
+
+
+source ./scripts/shunit2

acceptance_tests/basic.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+setUp() {
+  rm test*.yml 2>/dev/null || true
+  rm .xyz 2>/dev/null || true
+  rm instructions.txt 2>/dev/null || true
+}
+
+testBasicEvalRoundTrip() {
+  ./yq -n ".a = 123" > test.yml
+  X=$(./yq '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals 123 "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicTrailingContent() {
+  cat >test-trailing.yml <<EOL
+test:
+# this comment will be removed
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+test:
+# this comment will be removed
+EOM
+  X=$(./yq test-trailing.yml -P)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicTrailingContent() {
+  cat >test-trailing.yml <<EOL
+test:
+# this comment will be removed
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+test:
+# hi
+EOM
+  X=$(./yq '. footComment = "hi"' test-trailing.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicTrailingContentEvalAll() {
+  cat >test-trailing.yml <<EOL
+test:
+# this comment will be removed
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+test:
+# this comment will be removed
+EOM
+  X=$(./yq ea test-trailing.yml -P)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicTrailingContentEvalAll() {
+  cat >test-trailing.yml <<EOL
+test:
+# this comment will be removed
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+test:
+# hi
+EOM
+  X=$(./yq ea '. footComment = "hi"' test-trailing.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicPipeWithDot() {
+  ./yq -n ".a = 123" > test.yml
+  X=$(cat test.yml | ./yq '.')
+  assertEquals "a: 123" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicExpressionMatchesFileName() {
+  ./yq -n ".xyz = 123" > test.yml
+  touch .xyz
+  
+  X=$(./yq --expression '.xyz' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "123" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea --expression '.xyz' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "123" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicExpressionFromFile() {
+  ./yq -n ".xyz = 123" > test.yml
+  echo '.xyz = "meow" | .cool = "frog"' > instructions.txt
+  
+  X=$(./yq --from-file instructions.txt test.yml -o=j -I=0)
+  assertEquals '{"xyz":"meow","cool":"frog"}' "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea --from-file instructions.txt test.yml -o=j -I=0)
+  assertEquals '{"xyz":"meow","cool":"frog"}' "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicExpressionFromFileDos() {
+  ./yq -n ".xyz = 123" > test.yml
+  echo '.xyz = "meow" | .cool = "frog"' | sed 's/$'"/`echo \\\r`/" > instructions.txt
+  
+  X=$(./yq --from-file instructions.txt test.yml -o=j -I=0)
+  assertEquals '{"xyz":"meow","cool":"frog"}' "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea --from-file instructions.txt test.yml -o=j -I=0)
+  assertEquals '{"xyz":"meow","cool":"frog"}' "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicGitHubAction() {
+  ./yq -n ".a = 123" > test.yml
+  X=$(cat /dev/null | ./yq test.yml)
+  assertEquals "a: 123" "$X"
+
+  X=$(cat /dev/null | ./yq e test.yml)
+  assertEquals "a: 123" "$X"
+
+  X=$(cat /dev/null | ./yq ea test.yml)
+  assertEquals "a: 123" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicGitHubActionWithExpression() {
+  ./yq -n ".a = 123" > test.yml
+  X=$(cat /dev/null | ./yq '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "123" "$X"
+
+  X=$(cat /dev/null | ./yq e '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "123" "$X"
+
+  X=$(cat /dev/null | ./yq ea '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "123" "$X"
+}
+
+
+testBasicEvalAllAllFiles() {
+  ./yq -n ".a = 123" > test.yml
+  ./yq -n ".a = 124" > test2.yml
+  X=$(./yq ea test.yml test2.yml)
+  Y=$(./yq e '.' test.yml test2.yml)
+  assertEquals "$Y" "$X"
+}
+
+# when given a file, don't read STDIN
+# otherwise strange things start happening
+# in scripts
+# https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/issues/1115
+
+testBasicCatWithFilesNoDash() {
+  ./yq -n ".a = 123" > test.yml
+  ./yq -n ".a = 124" > test2.yml
+  X=$(cat test.yml | ./yq test2.yml)
+  Y=$(./yq e '.' test2.yml)
+  assertEquals "$Y" "$X"
+}
+
+# when the nullinput flag is used
+# don't automatically read STDIN (this breaks github actions)
+testBasicCreateFileGithubAction() {
+  cat /dev/null | ./yq -n ".a = 123" > test.yml
+}
+
+testBasicEvalAllCatWithFilesNoDash() {
+  ./yq -n ".a = 123" > test.yml
+  ./yq -n ".a = 124" > test2.yml
+  X=$(cat test.yml | ./yq ea test2.yml)
+  Y=$(./yq e '.' test2.yml)
+  assertEquals "$Y" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicCatWithFilesNoDashWithExp() {
+  ./yq -n ".a = 123" > test.yml
+  ./yq -n ".a = 124" > test2.yml
+  X=$(cat test.yml | ./yq '.a' test2.yml)
+  Y=$(./yq e '.a' test2.yml)
+  assertEquals "$Y" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicEvalAllCatWithFilesNoDashWithExp() {
+  ./yq -n ".a = 123" > test.yml
+  ./yq -n ".a = 124" > test2.yml
+  X=$(cat test.yml | ./yq ea '.a' test2.yml)
+  Y=$(./yq e '.a' test2.yml)
+  assertEquals "$Y" "$X"
+}
+
+
+testBasicStdInWithFiles() {
+  ./yq -n ".a = 123" > test.yml
+  ./yq -n ".a = 124" > test2.yml
+  X=$(cat test.yml | ./yq - test2.yml)
+  Y=$(./yq e '.' test.yml test2.yml)
+  assertEquals "$Y" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicEvalAllStdInWithFiles() {
+  ./yq -n ".a = 123" > test.yml
+  ./yq -n ".a = 124" > test2.yml
+  X=$(cat test.yml | ./yq ea - test2.yml)
+  Y=$(./yq e '.' test.yml test2.yml)
+  assertEquals "$Y" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicStdInWithFilesReverse() {
+  ./yq -n ".a = 123" > test.yml
+  ./yq -n ".a = 124" > test2.yml
+  X=$(cat test.yml | ./yq test2.yml -)
+  Y=$(./yq e '.' test2.yml test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$Y" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicEvalAllStdInWithFilesReverse() {
+  ./yq -n ".a = 123" > test.yml
+  ./yq -n ".a = 124" > test2.yml
+  X=$(cat test.yml | ./yq ea test2.yml -)
+  Y=$(./yq e '.' test2.yml test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$Y" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicEvalRoundTripNoEval() {
+  ./yq -n ".a = 123" > test.yml
+  X=$(./yq '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals 123 "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicStdInWithOneArg() {
+  ./yq e -n ".a = 123" > test.yml
+  X=$(cat test.yml | ./yq e ".a")
+  assertEquals 123 "$X"
+
+  X=$(cat test.yml | ./yq ea ".a")
+  assertEquals 123 "$X"
+
+  X=$(cat test.yml | ./yq ".a")
+  assertEquals 123 "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicUpdateInPlaceSequence() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: 0
+EOL
+  ./yq e -i ".a = 10" test.yml
+  X=$(./yq e '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "10" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicUpdateInPlaceSequenceNoEval() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: 0
+EOL
+  ./yq -i ".a = 10" test.yml
+  X=$(./yq '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "10" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicUpdateInPlaceSequenceEvalAll() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: 0
+EOL
+  ./yq ea -i ".a = 10" test.yml
+  X=$(./yq e '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "10" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicUpdateInPlaceMultipleFilesNoExpressionEval() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: 0
+EOL
+  cat >test2.yml <<EOL
+a: 1
+EOL
+read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+0
+---
+1
+EOM
+  ./yq -i test.yml test2.yml
+  X=$(./yq e '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicUpdateInPlaceMultipleFilesNoExpressionEvalAll() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: 0
+EOL
+  cat >test2.yml <<EOL
+a: 1
+EOL
+read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+0
+---
+1
+EOM
+  ./yq -i ea test.yml test2.yml
+  X=$(./yq e '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicNoExitStatus() {
+  echo "a: cat" > test.yml
+  X=$(./yq e '.z' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "null" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicExitStatus() {
+  echo "a: cat" > test.yml
+  X=$(./yq e -e '.z' test.yml 2&>/dev/null)
+  assertEquals 1 "$?"
+}
+
+testBasicExitStatusNoEval() {
+  echo "a: cat" > test.yml
+  X=$(./yq -e '.z' test.yml 2&>/dev/null)
+  assertEquals 1 "$?"
+}
+
+testBasicExtractFieldWithSeparator() {
+    cat >test.yml <<EOL
+---
+name: chart-name
+version: 1.2.3
+EOL
+  X=$(./yq e '.name' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "chart-name" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicExtractMultipleFieldWithSeparator() {
+    cat >test.yml <<EOL
+---
+name: chart-name
+version: 1.2.3
+---
+name: thing
+version: 1.2.3
+EOL
+
+read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+chart-name
+---
+thing
+EOM
+  X=$(./yq e '.name' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicMultiplyAssignMultiDoc() {
+      cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: 1
+---
+b: 2
+EOL
+
+read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+a: 1
+c: 3
+---
+b: 2
+c: 3
+EOM
+
+
+  X=$(./yq '. *= {"c":3}' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testBasicClosedStdIn() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: 1
+EOL
+  X=$(./yq e '.a' test.yml <&-)
+  assertEquals "1" "$X"
+}
+
+source ./scripts/shunit2

acceptance_tests/completion.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+testCompletionRuns() {
+    result=$(./yq __complete "" 2>&1)
+    assertEquals 0 $?
+    assertContains "$result" "Completion ended with directive:"
+}
+
+source ./scripts/shunit2

acceptance_tests/empty.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+setUp() {
+  rm test*.yml || true
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+# comment
+EOL
+}
+
+testEmptyEval() {
+  X=$(./yq e test.yml)
+  expected="# comment"
+  assertEquals 0 $?
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testEmptyEvalNoNewLine() {
+  echo -n "#comment" >test.yml
+  X=$(./yq e test.yml)
+  expected=$(cat test.yml)
+  assertEquals 0 $?
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testEmptyEvalNoNewLineWithExpression() {
+  echo -n "# comment" >test.yml
+  X=$(./yq e '.apple = "tree"' test.yml)
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+# comment
+apple: tree
+EOM
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testEmptyEvalPipe() {
+  X=$(./yq e - < test.yml)
+  assertEquals 0 $?
+}
+
+testEmptyCommentsWithExpressionEval() {
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+# comment
+apple: tree
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e '.apple="tree"' test.yml)
+
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testEmptyCommentsWithExpressionEvalAll() {
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+# comment
+apple: tree
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq ea '.apple="tree"' test.yml)
+
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testEmptyWithExpressionEval() {
+  rm test.yml
+  touch test.yml
+  expected="apple: tree"
+
+  X=$(./yq e '.apple="tree"' test.yml)
+
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testEmptyWithExpressionEvalAll() {
+  rm test.yml
+  touch test.yml
+  expected="apple: tree"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea '.apple="tree"' test.yml)
+
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+
+source ./scripts/shunit2

acceptance_tests/flags.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+setUp() {
+  rm test*.yml || true
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+# comment
+EOL
+}
+
+testStringInterpolation() {
+    X=$(./yq -n '"Mike \(3 + 4)"')
+    assertEquals "Mike 7" "$X"
+}
+
+testNoStringInterpolation() {
+    X=$(./yq --string-interpolation=f -n '"Mike \(3 + 4)"')
+    assertEquals "Mike \(3 + 4)" "$X"
+}
+
+
+source ./scripts/shunit2

acceptance_tests/front-matter.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+setUp() {
+  rm test*.yml || true
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+---
+a: apple
+b: cat
+---
+not yaml
+c: at
+EOL
+}
+
+testFrontMatterProcessEval() {
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+---
+a: apple
+b: dog
+---
+not yaml
+c: at
+EOM
+  ./yq e --front-matter="process" '.b = "dog"' test.yml -i
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$(cat test.yml)"
+}
+
+testFrontMatterProcessEvalAll() {
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+---
+a: apple
+b: dog
+---
+not yaml
+c: at
+EOM
+  ./yq ea --front-matter="process" '.b = "dog"' test.yml -i
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$(cat test.yml)"
+}
+
+testFrontMatterExtractEval() {
+    cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: apple
+b: cat
+---
+not yaml
+c: at
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+a: apple
+b: dog
+EOM
+  ./yq e --front-matter="extract" '.b = "dog"' test.yml -i
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$(cat test.yml)"
+}
+
+testFrontMatterExtractEvalAll() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: apple
+b: cat
+---
+not yaml
+c: at
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+a: apple
+b: dog
+EOM
+  ./yq ea --front-matter="extract" '.b = "dog"' test.yml -i
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$(cat test.yml)"
+}
+
+
+source ./scripts/shunit2

acceptance_tests/header-processing-off.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+setUp() {
+  rm test*.yml || true
+  
+}
+
+testLineCountFirstLineComment() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+#test123 
+abc: 123 
+test123: 123123 
+#comment 
+lalilu: lalilu
+EOL
+
+  X=$(./yq '.lalilu | line' --header-preprocess=false < test.yml)
+  assertEquals "5" "$X"
+}
+
+testArrayOfDocs() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+---
+# leading comment doc 1
+a: 1
+---
+# leading comment doc 2
+a: 2
+EOL
+
+read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+- # leading comment doc 1
+  a: 1
+- # leading comment doc 2
+  a: 2
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq ea '[.]' --header-preprocess=false < test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+}
+
+source ./scripts/shunit2

acceptance_tests/inputs-format-auto.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+setUp() {
+  rm test*.yml 2>/dev/null || true
+  rm test*.toml 2>/dev/null || true
+  rm test*.tfstate 2>/dev/null || true
+  rm test*.json 2>/dev/null || true
+  rm test*.properties 2>/dev/null || true
+  rm test*.csv 2>/dev/null || true
+  rm test*.tsv 2>/dev/null || true
+  rm test*.xml 2>/dev/null || true
+}
+
+testInputJson() {
+  cat >test.json <<EOL
+{ "mike" : { "things": "cool" } }
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+{
+  "mike": {
+    "things": "cool"
+  }
+}
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq test.json)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea test.json)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testInputToml() {
+  cat >test.toml <<EOL
+[owner]
+name = "Tom Preston-Werner"
+dob = 1979-05-27T07:32:00-08:00
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+owner:
+  name: Tom Preston-Werner
+  dob: 1979-05-27T07:32:00-08:00
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq -oy test.toml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea -oy test.toml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testInputTfstate() {
+  cat >test.tfstate <<EOL
+{ "mike" : { "things": "cool" } }
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+{"mike": {"things": "cool"}}
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq test.tfstate)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea test.tfstate)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testInputJsonOutputYaml() {
+  cat >test.json <<EOL
+{ "mike" : { "things": "cool" } }
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+mike:
+  things: cool
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq test.json -oy)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea test.json -oy)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testInputProperties() {
+  cat >test.properties <<EOL
+mike.things = hello
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+mike.things = hello
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e test.properties)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq test.properties)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea test.properties)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testInputPropertiesGitHubAction() {
+  cat >test.properties <<EOL
+mike.things = hello
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+mike.things = hello
+EOM
+
+  X=$(cat /dev/null | ./yq e test.properties)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(cat /dev/null | ./yq ea test.properties)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testInputCSV() {
+  cat >test.csv <<EOL
+fruit,yumLevel
+apple,5
+banana,4
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+fruit,yumLevel
+apple,5
+banana,4
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e test.csv)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea test.csv)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testInputCSVUTF8() {
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+id,first,last
+1,john,smith
+1,jane,smith
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq utf8.csv)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testInputTSV() {
+  cat >test.tsv <<EOL
+fruit	yumLevel
+apple	5
+banana	4
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+fruit	yumLevel
+apple	5
+banana	4
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e test.tsv)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea test.tsv)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+
+
+
+testInputXml() {
+  cat >test.xml <<EOL
+<cat legs="4">BiBi</cat>
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+<cat legs="4">BiBi</cat>
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e test.xml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea test.xml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testInputXmlNamespaces() {
+  cat >test.xml <<EOL
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<map xmlns="some-namespace" xmlns:xsi="some-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="some-url">
+</map>
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<map xmlns="some-namespace" xmlns:xsi="some-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="some-url"></map>
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e test.xml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea test.xml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+
+
+testInputXmlStrict() {
+  cat >test.xml <<EOL
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!DOCTYPE root [
+<!ENTITY writer "Catherine.">
+<!ENTITY copyright "(r) Great">
+]>
+<root>
+    <item>&writer;&copyright;</item>
+</root>
+EOL
+
+  X=$(./yq --xml-strict-mode test.xml  2>&1)
+  assertEquals 1 $?
+  assertEquals "Error: bad file 'test.xml': XML syntax error on line 7: invalid character entity &writer;" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea --xml-strict-mode test.xml  2>&1)
+  assertEquals "Error: bad file 'test.xml': XML syntax error on line 7: invalid character entity &writer;" "$X"
+}
+
+testInputXmlGithubAction() {
+  cat >test.xml <<EOL
+<cat legs="4">BiBi</cat>
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+<cat legs="4">BiBi</cat>
+EOM
+
+  X=$(cat /dev/null | ./yq e test.xml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(cat /dev/null | ./yq ea test.xml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+source ./scripts/shunit2

acceptance_tests/inputs-format.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+setUp() {
+  rm test*.yml 2>/dev/null || true
+  rm test*.properties 2>/dev/null || true
+  rm test*.csv 2>/dev/null || true
+  rm test*.tsv 2>/dev/null || true
+  rm test*.xml 2>/dev/null || true
+}
+
+testInputProperties() {
+  cat >test.properties <<EOL
+mike.things = hello
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+mike:
+  things: hello
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e -p=props test.properties)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea -p=props test.properties)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testInputPropertiesGitHubAction() {
+  cat >test.properties <<EOL
+mike.things = hello
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+mike:
+  things: hello
+EOM
+
+  X=$(cat /dev/null | ./yq e -p=props test.properties)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(cat /dev/null | ./yq ea -p=props test.properties)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testInputCSV() {
+  cat >test.csv <<EOL
+fruit,yumLevel
+apple,5
+banana,4
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+- fruit: apple
+  yumLevel: 5
+- fruit: banana
+  yumLevel: 4
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e -p=csv test.csv)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea -p=csv test.csv)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testInputCSVCustomSeparator() {
+  cat >test.csv <<EOL
+fruit;yumLevel
+apple;5
+banana;4
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+- fruit: apple
+  yumLevel: 5
+- fruit: banana
+  yumLevel: 4
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq -p=csv --csv-separator ";" test.csv)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea -p=csv --csv-separator ";" test.csv)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testInputCSVNoAuto() {
+  cat >test.csv <<EOL
+thing1
+name: cat
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+- thing1: 'name: cat'
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq --csv-auto-parse=f test.csv -oy)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea --csv-auto-parse=f test.csv -oy)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testInputTSVNoAuto() {
+  cat >test.tsv <<EOL
+thing1
+name: cat
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+- thing1: 'name: cat'
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq --tsv-auto-parse=f test.tsv -oy)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea --tsv-auto-parse=f test.tsv -oy)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testInputCSVUTF8() {
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+- id: 1
+  first: john
+  last: smith
+- id: 1
+  first: jane
+  last: smith
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq -p=csv utf8.csv)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testInputTSV() {
+  cat >test.tsv <<EOL
+fruit	yumLevel
+apple	5
+banana	4
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+- fruit: apple
+  yumLevel: 5
+- fruit: banana
+  yumLevel: 4
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e -p=t test.tsv)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea -p=t test.tsv)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+
+
+
+testInputXml() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+<cat legs="4">BiBi</cat>
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+cat:
+  +content: BiBi
+  +@legs: "4"
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e -p=xml test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea -p=xml test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testInputXmlNamespaces() {
+  cat >test.xml <<EOL
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<map xmlns="some-namespace" xmlns:xsi="some-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="some-url">
+</map>
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
++p_xml: version="1.0"
+map:
+  +@xmlns: some-namespace
+  +@xmlns:xsi: some-instance
+  +@xsi:schemaLocation: some-url
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e -p=xml test.xml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea -p=xml test.xml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testInputXmlRoundtrip() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!DOCTYPE config SYSTEM "/etc/iwatch/iwatch.dtd" >
+<map xmlns="some-namespace" xmlns:xsi="some-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="some-url">Meow</map>
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!DOCTYPE config SYSTEM "/etc/iwatch/iwatch.dtd" >
+<map xmlns="some-namespace" xmlns:xsi="some-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="some-url">Meow</map>
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq -p=xml -o=xml test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea -p=xml -o=xml test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+
+testInputXmlStrict() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!DOCTYPE root [
+<!ENTITY writer "Catherine.">
+<!ENTITY copyright "(r) Great">
+]>
+<root>
+    <item>&writer;&copyright;</item>
+</root>
+EOL
+
+  X=$(./yq -p=xml --xml-strict-mode test.yml -o=xml 2>&1)
+  assertEquals 1 $?
+  assertEquals "Error: bad file 'test.yml': XML syntax error on line 7: invalid character entity &writer;" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea -p=xml --xml-strict-mode test.yml -o=xml 2>&1)
+  assertEquals "Error: bad file 'test.yml': XML syntax error on line 7: invalid character entity &writer;" "$X"
+}
+
+testInputXmlGithubAction() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+<cat legs="4">BiBi</cat>
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+cat:
+  +content: BiBi
+  +@legs: "4"
+EOM
+
+  X=$(cat /dev/null | ./yq e -p=xml test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(cat /dev/null | ./yq ea -p=xml test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+source ./scripts/shunit2

acceptance_tests/leading-separator.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,529 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+
+# examples where header-preprocess is required
+
+setUp() {
+  rm test*.yml || true
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+---
+a: test
+EOL
+}
+
+testLeadingSeparatorWithDoc() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+---
+a: test
+---
+b: cool
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+---
+a: thing
+---
+b: cool
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e '(select(di == 0) | .a) = "thing"' - < test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+
+testLeadingSeparatorWithNewlinesNewDoc() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+
+
+---
+a: test
+---
+b: cool
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+
+
+---
+a: thing
+---
+b: cool
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e '(select(di == 0) | .a) = "thing"' - < test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testLeadingSeparatorWithNewlinesMoreComments() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+
+---
+# great
+
+a: test
+---
+b: cool
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+
+---
+# great
+
+a: thing
+---
+b: cool
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e '(select(di == 0) | .a) = "thing"' - < test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+
+testLeadingSeparatorWithDirective() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+%YAML 1.1
+---
+this: should really work
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+%YAML 1.1
+---
+this: should really work
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq < test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+
+testLeadingSeparatorPipeIntoEvalSeq() {
+  X=$(./yq e - < test.yml)
+  expected=$(cat test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testLeadingSeparatorExtractField() {
+  X=$(./yq e '.a' - < test.yml)
+  assertEquals "test" "$X"
+}
+
+testLeadingSeparatorExtractFieldWithCommentsAfterSep() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+---
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+a: test
+EOL
+  X=$(./yq e '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "test" "$X"
+}
+
+testLeadingSeparatorExtractFieldWithCommentsBeforeSep() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+---
+a: test
+EOL
+  X=$(./yq e '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "test" "$X"
+}
+
+
+testLeadingSeparatorExtractFieldMultiDoc() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+---
+a: test
+---
+a: test2
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+test
+---
+test2
+EOM
+  X=$(./yq e '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testLeadingSeparatorExtractFieldMultiDocWithComments() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+# here
+---
+# there
+a: test
+# wherever
+---
+# you are
+a: test2
+# woop
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+test
+---
+test2
+EOM
+  X=$(./yq e '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+
+testLeadingSeparatorEvalSeq() {
+  X=$(./yq e test.yml)
+  expected=$(cat test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testLeadingSeparatorPipeIntoEvalAll() {
+  X=$(./yq ea - < test.yml)
+  expected=$(cat test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+
+testLeadingSeparatorEvalAll() {
+  X=$(./yq ea test.yml)
+  expected=$(cat test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testLeadingSeparatorMultiDocEvalSimple() {
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+---
+a: test
+---
+version: 3
+application: MyApp
+EOM
+
+
+  X=$(./yq e '.' test.yml examples/order.yaml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testLeadingSeparatorMultiDocInOneFile() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+---
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+a: test
+---
+b: things
+EOL
+  expected=$(cat test.yml)
+  X=$(./yq e '.' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testLeadingSeparatorMultiDocInOneFileEvalAll() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+---
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+a: test
+---
+b: things
+EOL
+  expected=$(cat test.yml)
+  X=$(./yq ea '.' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testLeadingSeparatorMultiDocEvalComments() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+a: test
+EOL
+
+cat >test2.yml <<EOL
+# this is another doc
+# great
+b: sane
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+a: test
+---
+# this is another doc
+# great
+b: sane
+EOM
+
+
+  X=$(./yq e '.' test.yml test2.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testLeadingSeparatorMultiDocEvalCommentsTrailingSep() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+---
+a: test
+EOL
+
+cat >test2.yml <<EOL
+# this is another doc
+# great
+---
+b: sane
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+---
+a: test
+---
+# this is another doc
+# great
+---
+b: sane
+EOM
+
+
+  X=$(./yq e '.' test.yml test2.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testLeadingSeparatorMultiMultiDocEvalCommentsTrailingSep() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+---
+a: test
+---
+a1: test2
+EOL
+
+cat >test2.yml <<EOL
+# this is another doc
+# great
+---
+b: sane
+---
+b2: cool
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+---
+a: test
+---
+a1: test2
+---
+# this is another doc
+# great
+---
+b: sane
+---
+b2: cool
+EOM
+
+
+  X=$(./yq e '.' test.yml test2.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testLeadingSeparatorMultiDocEvalCommentsLeadingSep() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+---
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+a: test
+EOL
+
+cat >test2.yml <<EOL
+---
+# this is another doc
+# great
+b: sane
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+---
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+a: test
+---
+# this is another doc
+# great
+b: sane
+EOM
+
+
+  X=$(./yq e '.' test.yml test2.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+# https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/issues/919
+testLeadingSeparatorDoesNotBreakCommentsOnOtherFiles() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+# a1
+a: 1
+# a2
+EOL
+
+cat >test2.yml <<EOL
+# b1
+b: 2
+# b2
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+# a1
+a: 1
+# a2
+
+# b1
+b: 2
+# b2
+EOM
+
+
+  X=$(./yq ea 'select(fi == 0) * select(fi == 1)' test.yml test2.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testLeadingSeparatorMultiDocEvalCommentsStripComments() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+---
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+a: test
+---
+# this is another doc
+# great
+b: sane
+EOL
+
+  # it will be hard to remove that top level separator
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+a: test
+---
+b: sane
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e '... comments=""'  test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testLeadingSeparatorMultiDocEvalCommentsLeadingSepNoDocFlag() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+---
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+a: test
+---
+# this is another doc
+# great
+b: sane
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+a: test
+# this is another doc
+# great
+b: sane
+EOM
+
+
+  X=$(./yq e '.' --no-doc test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testLeadingSeparatorMultiDocEvalJsonFlag() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+---
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+a: test
+EOL
+
+cat >test2.yml <<EOL
+---
+# this is another doc
+# great
+b: sane
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+{
+  "a": "test"
+}
+{
+  "b": "sane"
+}
+EOM
+
+
+  X=$(./yq e '.' -j test.yml test2.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testLeadingSeparatorMultiDocEvalAllJsonFlag() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+---
+# hi peeps
+# cool
+a: test
+EOL
+
+cat >test2.yml <<EOL
+---
+# this is another doc
+# great
+b: sane
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+{
+  "a": "test"
+}
+{
+  "b": "sane"
+}
+EOM
+
+
+  X=$(./yq ea '.' -j test.yml test2.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testLeadingSeparatorMultiDocEvalAll() {
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+---
+a: test
+---
+version: 3
+application: MyApp
+EOM
+
+
+  X=$(./yq ea '.' test.yml examples/order.yaml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+source ./scripts/shunit2

acceptance_tests/load-file.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+testLoadFileNotExist() {
+  result=$(./yq e -n 'load("cat.yml")' 2>&1)
+  assertEquals 1 $?
+  assertEquals "Error: failed to load cat.yml: open cat.yml: no such file or directory" "$result"
+}
+
+testLoadFileExpNotExist() {
+  result=$(./yq e -n 'load(.a)' 2>&1)
+  assertEquals 1 $?
+  assertEquals "Error: filename expression returned nil" "$result"
+}
+
+testStrLoadFileNotExist() {
+  result=$(./yq e -n 'strload("cat.yml")' 2>&1)
+  assertEquals 1 $?
+  assertEquals "Error: failed to load cat.yml: open cat.yml: no such file or directory" "$result"
+}
+
+testStrLoadFileExpNotExist() {
+  result=$(./yq e -n 'strload(.a)' 2>&1)
+  assertEquals 1 $?
+  assertEquals "Error: filename expression returned nil" "$result"
+}
+
+source ./scripts/shunit2

acceptance_tests/nul-separator.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+setUp() {
+    rm test*.yml || true
+}
+
+## Convenient bash shortcut to read records of NUL separated values
+## from stdin the safe way. See example usage in the next tests.
+read-0() {
+    local eof="" IFS=''
+    while [ "$1" ]; do
+        ## - The `-r` avoids bad surprise with '\n' and other interpreted
+        ##   sequences that can be read.
+        ## - The `-d ''` is the (strange?) way to refer to NUL delimiter.
+        ## - The `--` is how to avoid unpleasant surprises if your
+        ##   "$1" starts with "-" (minus) sign. This protection also
+        ##   will produce a readable error if you want to try to start
+        ##   your variable names with a "-".
+        read -r -d '' -- "$1" || eof=1
+        shift
+    done
+    [ -z "$eof" ] ## fail on EOF
+}
+
+## Convenient bash shortcut to be used with the next function `p-err`
+## to read NUL separated values the safe way AND catch any errors from
+## the process creating the stream of NUL separated data.  See example
+## usage in the tests.
+read-0-err() {
+    local ret="$1" eof="" idx=0 last=
+    read -r -- "${ret?}" <<<"0"
+    shift
+    while [ "$1" ]; do
+        last=$idx
+        read -r -d '' -- "$1" || {
+            ## Put this last value in ${!ret}
+            eof="$1"
+            read -r -- "$ret" <<<"${!eof}"
+            break
+        }
+        ((idx++))
+        shift
+    done
+    [ -z "$eof" ] || {
+        if [ "$last" != 0 ]; then
+            ## Uhoh, we have no idea if the errorlevel of the internal
+            ## command was properly delimited with a NUL char, and
+            ## anyway something went really wrong at least about the
+            ## number of fields separated by NUL char and the one
+            ## expected.
+            echo "Error: read-0-err couldn't fill all value $ret = '${!ret}', '$eof', '${!eof}'" >&2
+            read -r -- "$ret" <<<"not-enough-values"
+        else
+            if ! [[ "${!ret}" =~ ^[0-9]+$ && "${!ret}" -ge 0 && "${!ret}" -le 127 ]]; then
+                ## This could happen if you don't use `p-err` wrapper,
+                ## or used stdout in unexpected ways in your inner
+                ## command.
+                echo "Error: last value is not a number, did you finish with an errorlevel ?" >&2
+                read -r -- "$ret" <<<"last-value-not-a-number"
+            fi
+        fi
+        false
+    }
+}
+
+## Simply runs command given as argument and adds errorlevel in the
+## standard output. Is expected to be used in tandem with
+## `read-0-err`.
+p-err() {
+    local exp="$1"
+    "$@"
+    printf "%s" "$?"
+}
+
+wyq-r() {
+    local exp="$1"
+    ./yq e -0 -r=false "$1"
+    printf "%s" "$?"
+}
+
+testBasicUsageRaw() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: foo
+b: bar
+EOL
+
+  printf "foo\0bar\0" > expected.out
+
+  ## We need to compare binary content here. We have to filter the compared
+  ## content through a representation that gets rid of NUL chars but accurately
+  ## transcribe the content.
+  ## Also as it would be nice to have a pretty output in case the test fails,
+  ## we use here 'hd': a widely available shortcut to 'hexdump' that will
+  ## pretty-print any binary to it's hexadecimal representation.
+  ##
+  ## Note that the standard `assertEquals` compare its arguments
+  ## value, but they can't hold NUL characters (this comes from the
+  ## limitation of the C API of `exec*(..)` functions that requires
+  ## `const char *arv[]`). And these are NUL terminated strings.  As a
+  ## consequence, the NUL characters gets removed in bash arguments.
+  assertEquals "$(hd expected.out)" \
+               "$(./yq e -0 '.a, .b' test.yml | hd)"
+
+  rm expected.out
+}
+
+testBasicUsage() {
+  local a b
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: foo
+b: bar
+EOL
+
+  ## We provide 2 values, and ask to fill 2 variables.
+  read-0 a b < <(./yq e -0 '.a, .b' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$?" "0"      ## Everything is fine
+  assertEquals "foo" "$a"    ## Values are correctly parsed
+  assertEquals "bar" "$b"
+
+  a=YYY ; b=XXX
+  ## Not enough values provided to fill `a` and `b`.
+  read-0 a b < <(./yq e -0 '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$?" "1"      ## An error was emitted
+  assertEquals "foo" "$a"    ## First value was correctly parsed
+  assertEquals "" "$b"       ## Second was still reset
+
+  ## Error from inner command are not catchable !. Use
+  ## `read-0-err`/`p-err` for that.
+  read-0 a < <(printf "\0"; ./yq e -0 'xxx' test.yml; )
+  assertEquals "$?" "0"
+
+}
+
+testBasicUsageJson() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a:
+  x: foo
+b: bar
+EOL
+
+  read-0 a b < <(./yq e -0 -o=json '.a, .b' test.yml)
+
+  assertEquals '{
+  "x": "foo"
+}' "$a"
+  assertEquals '"bar"' "$b"
+
+}
+
+testFailWithValueContainingNUL() {
+  local a b c
+  ## Note that value of field 'a' actually contains a NUL char !
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: "foo\u0000bar"
+b: 1
+c: |
+  wiz
+  boom
+EOL
+
+  ## We are looking for trouble with asking to separated fields with NUL
+  ## char and requested value `.a` actually contains itself a NUL char !
+  read-0 a b c < <(./yq e -0 '.a, .b, .c' test.yml)
+  assertNotEquals "0" "$?"   ## read-0 failed to fill all values
+
+  ## But here, we can request for one value, even if `./yq` fails
+  read-0 b < <(./yq e -0 '.b, .a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "0" "$?"   ## read-0 succeeds at feeding the first value
+  ## Note: to catch the failure of `yq`, see in the next tests the usage
+  ## of `read-0-err`.
+
+  ## using -r=false solves any NUL containing value issues, but keeps
+  ## all in YAML representation:
+  read-0 a b c < <(./yq e -0 -r=false '.a, .b, .c' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "0" "$?"    ## All goes well despite asking for `a` value
+
+  assertEquals '"foo\0bar"' "$a"   ## This is a YAML string representation
+  assertEquals '1' "$b"
+  assertEquals '|
+  wiz
+  boom' "$c"
+}
+
+testStandardLoop() {
+    local E a b res
+
+    ## Here everything is normal: 4 values, that will be paired
+    ## in key/values.
+    cat >test.yml <<EOL
+- yay
+- wiz
+- hop
+- pow
+EOL
+
+    res=""
+    while read-0-err E a b; do
+        res+="$a: $b;"
+    done < <(p-err ./yq -0 '.[]' test.yml)
+
+    assertEquals "0" "$E"                     ## errorlevel of internal command
+    assertEquals "yay: wiz;hop: pow;" "$res"  ## expected result
+}
+
+testStandardLoopWithoutEnoughValues() {
+    local E a b res
+
+    ## Here 5 values, there will be a missing value when reading
+    ## pairs of value.
+    cat >test.yml <<EOL
+- yay
+- wiz
+- hop
+- pow
+- kwak
+EOL
+
+    res=""
+    ## The loop will succeed 2 times then fail
+    while read-0-err E a b; do
+        res+="$a: $b;"
+    done < <(p-err ./yq -0 '.[]' test.yml)
+
+    assertEquals "not-enough-values" "$E"     ## Not enough value error
+    assertEquals "yay: wiz;hop: pow;" "$res"  ## the 2 full key/value pairs
+
+}
+
+testStandardLoopWithInternalCmdError() {
+    local E a b res
+
+    ## Note the third value contains a NUL char !
+    cat >test.yml <<EOL
+- yay
+- wiz
+- "foo\0bar"
+- hop
+- pow
+EOL
+
+    res=""
+    ## It should be only upon the second pass in the loop that
+    ## read-0-err will catch the fact that there is an error !
+    while read-0-err E a b; do
+        res+="$a: $b;"
+    done < <(p-err ./yq -0 '.[]' test.yml)
+    assertEquals "1" "$E"            ## Internal command errorlevel (from `./yq`)
+    assertEquals "yay: wiz;" "$res"  ## first 2 values were ok at least
+
+}
+
+testStandardLoopNotEnoughErrorEatsCmdError() {
+    local E a b res
+
+    ## Because of possible edge cases where the internal errorlevel
+    ## reported by `p-err` in the standard output might be mangled
+    ## with the unfinished record, `read-0-err E ...` will NOT report
+    ## the internal command error in the variable E and instead will
+    ## store the value 'not-enough-values'. In real world, anyway, you
+    ## will want to react the same if the internal command failed
+    ## and/or you didn't get as much values as expected while
+    ## reading. Keep in mind also that standard error is not
+    ## swallowed, so you can read reports from the inner command AND
+    ## from `read-0-err`.
+
+    ## Here, note that the fourth value contains a NUL char !
+    cat >test.yml <<EOL
+- yay
+- wiz
+- hop
+- "foo\0bar"
+- pow
+EOL
+
+    res=""
+    ## It should be only upon the second loop that read-0-err will catch
+    ## the fact that there are not enough data to fill the requested variables
+    while read-0-err E a b; do
+        res+="$a: $b;"
+    done < <(p-err ./yq -0 '.[]' test.yml)
+    assertEquals "not-enough-values" "$E"          ## Not enough values error eats internal error !
+    assertEquals "yay: wiz;" "$res"  ## first 2 values were ok at least
+}
+
+
+source ./scripts/shunit2

acceptance_tests/output-format.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+setUp() {
+  rm test*.yml || true
+}
+
+testOutputJsonDeprecated() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: {b: ["cat"]}
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+{
+  "a": {
+    "b": [
+      "cat"
+    ]
+  }
+}
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e -j test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea -j test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testOutputJson() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: {b: ["cat"]}
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+{
+  "a": {
+    "b": [
+      "cat"
+    ]
+  }
+}
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e --output-format=json test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea --output-format=json test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testOutputYamlRawDefault() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: "cat"
+EOL
+
+  X=$(./yq e  '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "cat" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "cat" "$X"
+}
+
+testOutputYamlRawOff() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: "cat"
+EOL
+
+  X=$(./yq e -r=false '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "\"cat\"" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea -r=false '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "\"cat\"" "$X"
+}
+
+testOutputYamlRawOnRoot() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+'a'
+EOL
+
+  X=$(./yq e -r '.' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "a" "$X"
+}
+
+testOutputJsonRaw() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: cat
+EOL
+
+  X=$(./yq e -r --output-format=json '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "cat" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea -r --output-format=json '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "cat" "$X"
+}
+
+testOutputJsonDefault() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: cat
+EOL
+
+  X=$(./yq e --output-format=json '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "\"cat\"" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea --output-format=json '.a' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "\"cat\"" "$X"
+}
+
+
+testOutputJsonShort() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: {b: ["cat"]}
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+{
+  "a": {
+    "b": [
+      "cat"
+    ]
+  }
+}
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e -o=j test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea -o=j test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testOutputProperties() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: {b: {c: ["cat cat"]}}
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+a.b.c.0 = cat cat
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e --output-format=props test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea --output-format=props test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testOutputPropertiesDontUnwrap() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: {b: {c: ["cat cat"]}}
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+a.b.c.0 = "cat cat"
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e -r=false --output-format=props test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea -r=false --output-format=props test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+
+testOutputPropertiesShort() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: {b: {c: ["cat cat"]}}
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+a.b.c.0 = cat cat
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e -o=p test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea -o=p test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testOutputCSV() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+- fruit: apple
+  yumLevel: 5
+- fruit: banana
+  yumLevel: 4
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+fruit,yumLevel
+apple,5
+banana,4
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq -o=c test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea -o=csv test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testOutputCSVCustomSeparator() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+- fruit: apple
+  yumLevel: 5
+- fruit: banana
+  yumLevel: 4
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+fruit;yumLevel
+apple;5
+banana;4
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq -oc --csv-separator ";" test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea -o=csv --csv-separator ";" test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testOutputTSV() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+- fruit: apple
+  yumLevel: 5
+- fruit: banana
+  yumLevel: 4
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+fruit	yumLevel
+apple	5
+banana	4
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq -o=t test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea -o=tsv test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testOutputXml() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: {b: {c: ["cat"]}}
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+<a>
+  <b>
+    <c>cat</c>
+  </b>
+</a>
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e --output-format=xml test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea --output-format=xml test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testOutputXmlShort() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: {b: {c: ["cat"]}}
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+<a>
+  <b>
+    <c>cat</c>
+  </b>
+</a>
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e --output-format=x test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea --output-format=x test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testOutputXmComplex() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: {b: {c: ["cat", "dog"], +@f: meow}}
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+<a>
+  <b f="meow">
+    <c>cat</c>
+    <c>dog</c>
+  </b>
+</a>
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e --output-format=x test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea --output-format=x test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testLuaOutputPretty() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+animals:
+  cat: meow
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+return {
+	["animals"] = {
+		["cat"] = "meow";
+	};
+};
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e --output-format=lua test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq e --output-format=lua --prettyPrint test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+}
+
+testLuaOutputSubset() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+animals:
+  cat: meow
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+return {
+	["cat"] = "meow";
+};
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e --output-format=lua '.animals' test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+}
+
+source ./scripts/shunit2

acceptance_tests/pipe.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+setUp() {
+  rm test*.yml || true
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: frog
+EOL
+}
+
+testPipeViaCatWithParam() {
+  X=$(cat test.yml | ./yq '.a')
+  assertEquals "frog" "$X"
+}
+
+testPipeViaCatWithParamEval() {
+  X=$(cat test.yml | ./yq e '.a')
+  assertEquals "frog" "$X"
+}
+
+testPipeViaCatWithParamEvalAll() {
+  X=$(cat test.yml | ./yq ea '.a')
+  assertEquals "frog" "$X"
+}
+
+testPipeViaCatNoParam() {
+  X=$(cat test.yml | ./yq)
+  assertEquals "a: frog" "$X"
+}
+
+testPipeViaCatNoParamEval() {
+  X=$(cat test.yml | ./yq e)
+  assertEquals "a: frog" "$X"
+}
+
+testPipeViaCatNoParamEvalAll() {
+  X=$(cat test.yml | ./yq ea)
+  assertEquals "a: frog" "$X"
+}
+
+testPipeViaFileishWithParam() {
+  X=$(./yq '.a' < test.yml)
+  assertEquals "frog" "$X"
+}
+
+testPipeViaFileishWithParamEval() {
+  X=$(./yq e '.a' < test.yml)
+  assertEquals "frog" "$X"
+}
+
+testPipeViaFileishWithParamEvalAll() {
+  X=$(./yq ea '.a' < test.yml)
+  assertEquals "frog" "$X"
+}
+
+testPipeViaFileishNoParam() {
+  X=$(./yq < test.yml)
+  assertEquals "a: frog" "$X"
+}
+
+testPipeViaFileishNoParamEval() {
+  X=$(./yq e < test.yml)
+  assertEquals "a: frog" "$X"
+}
+
+testPipeViaFileishNoParamEvalAll() {
+  X=$(./yq ea < test.yml)
+  assertEquals "a: frog" "$X"
+}
+
+source ./scripts/shunit2

acceptance_tests/pretty-print.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+setUp() {
+  rm test*.yml || true
+}
+
+testPrettyPrintWithBooleans() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+leaveUnquoted: [yes, no, on, off, y, n, true, false]
+leaveQuoted: ["yes", "no", "on", "off", "y", "n", "true", "false"]
+
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+leaveUnquoted:
+  - yes
+  - no
+  - on
+  - off
+  - y
+  - n
+  - true
+  - false
+leaveQuoted:
+  - "yes"
+  - "no"
+  - "on"
+  - "off"
+  - "y"
+  - "n"
+  - "true"
+  - "false"
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e --prettyPrint test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea --prettyPrint test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testPrettyPrintWithBooleansCapitals() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+leaveUnquoted: [YES, NO, ON, OFF, Y, N, TRUE, FALSE]
+leaveQuoted: ["YES", "NO", "ON", "OFF", "Y", "N", "TRUE", "FALSE"]
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+leaveUnquoted:
+  - YES
+  - NO
+  - ON
+  - OFF
+  - Y
+  - N
+  - TRUE
+  - FALSE
+leaveQuoted:
+  - "YES"
+  - "NO"
+  - "ON"
+  - "OFF"
+  - "Y"
+  - "N"
+  - "TRUE"
+  - "FALSE"
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e --prettyPrint test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea --prettyPrint test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testPrettyPrintOtherStringValues() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+leaveUnquoted: [yesSir, hellno, bonapite]
+makeUnquoted: ["yesSir", "hellno", "bonapite"]
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+leaveUnquoted:
+  - yesSir
+  - hellno
+  - bonapite
+makeUnquoted:
+  - yesSir
+  - hellno
+  - bonapite
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e --prettyPrint test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea --prettyPrint test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testPrettyPrintKeys() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+"removeQuotes": "please"
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+removeQuotes: please
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e --prettyPrint test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea --prettyPrint test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testPrettyPrintOtherStringValues() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+leaveUnquoted: [yesSir, hellno, bonapite]
+makeUnquoted: ["yesSir", "hellno", "bonapite"]
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+leaveUnquoted:
+  - yesSir
+  - hellno
+  - bonapite
+makeUnquoted:
+  - yesSir
+  - hellno
+  - bonapite
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e --prettyPrint test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea --prettyPrint test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testPrettyPrintStringBlocks() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+"removeQuotes": | 
+  "please"
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+removeQuotes: |
+  "please"
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e --prettyPrint test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea --prettyPrint test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+testPrettyPrintWithExpression() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: {b: {c: ["cat"]}}
+EOL
+
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+b:
+  c:
+    - cat
+EOM
+
+  X=$(./yq e '.a' --prettyPrint test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+
+  X=$(./yq ea '.a' --prettyPrint test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+source ./scripts/shunit2

acceptance_tests/shebang.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+setUp() {
+  rm test*.yq || true
+  cat >test.yq <<EOL
+#!./yq
+.a.b
+EOL
+chmod +x test.yq
+
+rm test*.yml || true
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: {b: apple}
+EOL
+}
+
+testCanExecYqFile() {
+  read -r -d '' expected << EOM
+apple
+EOM
+   X=$(./test.yq test.yml)
+  assertEquals "$expected" "$X"
+}
+
+source ./scripts/shunit2
+

acceptance_tests/split-printer.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+setUp() {
+  rm test*.yml || true
+  rm -rf test_dir* || true
+}
+
+testBasicSplitWithName() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: test_doc1
+--- 
+a: test_doc2
+EOL
+
+  ./yq e test.yml -s ".a"
+
+  doc1=$(cat test_doc1.yml)
+  
+  assertEquals "a: test_doc1" "$doc1"
+
+  doc2=$(cat test_doc2.yml)
+  read -r -d '' expectedDoc2 << EOM
+---
+a: test_doc2
+EOM
+  assertEquals "$expectedDoc2" "$doc2"
+}
+
+testBasicSplitWithNameCustomExtension() {
+  rm test*.yaml || true
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: test_doc1
+--- 
+a: test_doc2
+EOL
+
+  ./yq e test.yml -s '.a + ".yaml"'
+
+  doc1=$(cat test_doc1.yaml)
+  
+  assertEquals "a: test_doc1" "$doc1"
+
+  doc2=$(cat test_doc2.yaml)
+  read -r -d '' expectedDoc2 << EOM
+---
+a: test_doc2
+EOM
+  assertEquals "$expectedDoc2" "$doc2"
+}
+
+
+
+
+testSplitFromFile() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: test_doc1
+--- 
+a: test_doc2
+EOL
+
+cat >test_splitExp.yml <<EOL
+.a
+EOL
+
+  ./yq test.yml --split-exp-file test_splitExp.yml
+
+  doc1=$(cat test_doc1.yml)
+  
+  assertEquals "a: test_doc1" "$doc1"
+
+  doc2=$(cat test_doc2.yml)
+  read -r -d '' expectedDoc2 << EOM
+---
+a: test_doc2
+EOM
+  assertEquals "$expectedDoc2" "$doc2"
+}
+
+testBasicSplitWithNameEvalAll() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: test_doc1
+--- 
+a: test_doc2
+EOL
+
+  ./yq ea test.yml -s ".a"
+
+  doc1=$(cat test_doc1.yml)
+  
+  assertEquals "a: test_doc1" "$doc1"
+
+  doc2=$(cat test_doc2.yml)
+  read -r -d '' expectedDoc2 << EOM
+---
+a: test_doc2
+EOM
+  assertEquals "$expectedDoc2" "$doc2"
+}
+
+testBasicSplitWithIndex() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: test_doc1
+--- 
+a: test_doc2
+EOL
+
+  ./yq e test.yml -s '"test_" + $index'
+
+  doc1=$(cat test_0.yml)
+  
+  assertEquals "a: test_doc1" "$doc1"
+
+  doc2=$(cat test_1.yml)
+  read -r -d '' expectedDoc2 << EOM
+---
+a: test_doc2
+EOM
+  assertEquals "$expectedDoc2" "$doc2"
+}
+
+testBasicSplitWithIndexEvalAll() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+a: test_doc1
+--- 
+a: test_doc2
+EOL
+
+  ./yq ea test.yml -s '"test_" + $index'
+
+  doc1=$(cat test_0.yml)
+  
+  assertEquals "a: test_doc1" "$doc1"
+
+  doc2=$(cat test_1.yml)
+  read -r -d '' expectedDoc2 << EOM
+---
+a: test_doc2
+EOM
+  assertEquals "$expectedDoc2" "$doc2"
+}
+
+
+testArraySplitWithNameNoSeparators() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+- name: test_fred
+  age: 35
+- name: test_catherine
+  age: 37
+EOL
+
+  ./yq e --no-doc -s ".name"  ".[]" test.yml 
+
+  doc1=$(cat test_fred.yml)
+  read -r -d '' expectedDoc1 << EOM
+name: test_fred
+age: 35
+EOM
+
+  assertEquals "$expectedDoc1" "$doc1"
+
+  doc2=$(cat test_catherine.yml)
+  read -r -d '' expectedDoc2 << EOM
+name: test_catherine
+age: 37
+EOM
+  assertEquals "$expectedDoc2" "$doc2"
+}
+
+testArraySplitWithNameNoSeparatorsEvalAll() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+- name: test_fred
+  age: 35
+- name: test_catherine
+  age: 37
+EOL
+
+cat >test2.yml <<EOL
+- name: test_mike
+  age: 564
+EOL
+
+  ./yq ea --no-doc -s ".name"  ".[]" test.yml test2.yml
+
+  doc1=$(cat test_fred.yml)
+  read -r -d '' expectedDoc1 << EOM
+name: test_fred
+age: 35
+EOM
+
+  assertEquals "$expectedDoc1" "$doc1"
+
+  doc2=$(cat test_catherine.yml)
+  read -r -d '' expectedDoc2 << EOM
+name: test_catherine
+age: 37
+EOM
+  assertEquals "$expectedDoc2" "$doc2"
+
+
+  doc3=$(cat test_mike.yml)
+  read -r -d '' expectedDoc3 << EOM
+name: test_mike
+age: 564
+EOM
+  assertEquals "$expectedDoc3" "$doc3"
+}
+
+testSplitWithDirectories() {
+  cat >test.yml <<EOL
+f: test_dir1/test_file1
+---
+f: test_dir2/dir22/test_file2
+---
+f: test_file3
+EOL
+
+  ./yq e --no-doc -s ".f" test.yml
+
+  doc1=$(cat test_dir1/test_file1.yml)
+  assertEquals "f: test_dir1/test_file1" "$doc1"
+  doc2=$(cat test_dir2/dir22/test_file2.yml)
+  assertEquals "f: test_dir2/dir22/test_file2" "$doc2"
+  doc3=$(cat test_file3.yml)
+  assertEquals "f: test_file3" "$doc3"
+}
+
+source ./scripts/shunit2

action.yml

@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 name: 'yq - portable yaml processor'
 description: 'create, read, update, delete, merge, validate and do more with yaml'
-icon: command
-color: gray-dark
+branding:
+  icon: command
+  color: gray-dark
 inputs:
   cmd:
     description: 'The Command which should be run'
     required: true
+outputs:
+  result:
+    description: "The complete result from the yq command being run"
 runs:
   using: 'docker'
-  image: 'github-action/Dockerfile'
+  image: 'docker://mikefarah/yq:4-githubaction'
   args:
     - ${{ inputs.cmd }}

cmd/commands_test.go

@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-package cmd
-
-// import (
-// 	"strings"
-// 	"testing"
-
-// 	"github.com/mikefarah/yq/v3/test"
-// 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-// )
-
-// func getRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
-// 	return New()
-// }
-
-// func TestRootCmd(t *testing.T) {
-// 	cmd := getRootCommand()
-// 	result := test.RunCmd(cmd, "")
-// 	if result.Error != nil {
-// 		t.Error(result.Error)
-// 	}
-
-// 	if !strings.Contains(result.Output, "Usage:") {
-// 		t.Error("Expected usage message to be printed out, but the usage message was not found.")
-// 	}
-// }
-
-// func TestRootCmd_Help(t *testing.T) {
-// 	cmd := getRootCommand()
-// 	result := test.RunCmd(cmd, "--help")
-// 	if result.Error != nil {
-// 		t.Error(result.Error)
-// 	}
-
-// 	if !strings.Contains(result.Output, "yq is a lightweight and portable command-line YAML processor. It aims to be the jq or sed of yaml files.") {
-// 		t.Error("Expected usage message to be printed out, but the usage message was not found.")
-// 	}
-// }
-
-// func TestRootCmd_VerboseLong(t *testing.T) {
-// 	cmd := getRootCommand()
-// 	result := test.RunCmd(cmd, "--verbose")
-// 	if result.Error != nil {
-// 		t.Error(result.Error)
-// 	}
-
-// 	if !verbose {
-// 		t.Error("Expected verbose to be true")
-// 	}
-// }
-
-// func TestRootCmd_VerboseShort(t *testing.T) {
-// 	cmd := getRootCommand()
-// 	result := test.RunCmd(cmd, "-v")
-// 	if result.Error != nil {
-// 		t.Error(result.Error)
-// 	}
-
-// 	if !verbose {
-// 		t.Error("Expected verbose to be true")
-// 	}
-// }
-
-// func TestRootCmd_VersionShort(t *testing.T) {
-// 	cmd := getRootCommand()
-// 	result := test.RunCmd(cmd, "-V")
-// 	if result.Error != nil {
-// 		t.Error(result.Error)
-// 	}
-// 	if !strings.Contains(result.Output, "yq version") {
-// 		t.Error("expected version message to be printed out, but the message was not found.")
-// 	}
-// }
-
-// func TestRootCmd_VersionLong(t *testing.T) {
-// 	cmd := getRootCommand()
-// 	result := test.RunCmd(cmd, "--version")
-// 	if result.Error != nil {
-// 		t.Error(result.Error)
-// 	}
-// 	if !strings.Contains(result.Output, "yq version") {
-// 		t.Error("expected version message to be printed out, but the message was not found.")
-// 	}
-// }

cmd/completion.go

@@ -7,19 +7,20 @@ import (
 )
 
 var completionCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "shell-completion [bash|zsh|fish|powershell]",
-	Short: "Generate completion script",
+	Use:     "completion [bash|zsh|fish|powershell]",
+	Aliases: []string{"shell-completion"},
+	Short:   "Generate the autocompletion script for the specified shell",
 	Long: `To load completions:
 
 Bash:
 
-$ source <(yq shell-completion bash)
+$ source <(yq completion bash)
 
 # To load completions for each session, execute once:
 Linux:
-  $ yq shell-completion bash > /etc/bash_completion.d/yq
+  $ yq completion bash > /etc/bash_completion.d/yq
 MacOS:
-  $ yq shell-completion bash > /usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/yq
+  $ yq completion bash > /usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/yq
 
 Zsh:
 
@@ -29,25 +30,25 @@ Zsh:
 $ echo "autoload -U compinit; compinit" >> ~/.zshrc
 
 # To load completions for each session, execute once:
-$ yq shell-completion zsh > "${fpath[1]}/_yq"
+$ yq completion zsh > "${fpath[1]}/_yq"
 
 # You will need to start a new shell for this setup to take effect.
 
 Fish:
 
-$ yq shell-completion fish | source
+$ yq completion fish | source
 
 # To load completions for each session, execute once:
-$ yq shell-completion fish > ~/.config/fish/completions/yq.fish
+$ yq completion fish > ~/.config/fish/completions/yq.fish
 `,
 	DisableFlagsInUseLine: true,
 	ValidArgs:             []string{"bash", "zsh", "fish", "powershell"},
-	Args:                  cobra.ExactValidArgs(1),
+	Args:                  cobra.MatchAll(cobra.ExactArgs(1), cobra.OnlyValidArgs),
 	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		var err error = nil
 		switch args[0] {
 		case "bash":
-			err = cmd.Root().GenBashCompletion(os.Stdout)
+			err = cmd.Root().GenBashCompletionV2(os.Stdout, true)
 		case "zsh":
 			err = cmd.Root().GenZshCompletion(os.Stdout)
 		case "fish":

cmd/constant.go

@@ -1,19 +1,39 @@
 package cmd
 
-var unwrapScalar = true
+var unwrapScalarFlag = newUnwrapFlag()
+
+var printNodeInfo = false
+
+var unwrapScalar = false
 
 var writeInplace = false
 var outputToJSON = false
 
+var outputFormat = ""
+
+var inputFormat = ""
+
 var exitStatus = false
-var forceColor = false
-var forceNoColor = false
-var colorsEnabled = false
 var indent = 2
 var noDocSeparators = false
 var nullInput = false
+var nulSepOutput = false
 var verbose = false
 var version = false
 var prettyPrint = false
 
+var forceColor = false
+var forceNoColor = false
+var colorsEnabled = false
+
+// can be either "" (off), "extract" or "process"
+var frontMatter = ""
+
+var splitFileExp = ""
+var splitFileExpFile = ""
+
 var completedSuccessfully = false
+
+var forceExpression = ""
+
+var expressionFile = ""

cmd/evaluate_all_command.go

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@ package cmd
 
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
 
 	"github.com/mikefarah/yq/v4/pkg/yqlib"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -14,74 +12,122 @@ func createEvaluateAllCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		Use:     "eval-all [expression] [yaml_file1]...",
 		Aliases: []string{"ea"},
 		Short:   "Loads _all_ yaml documents of _all_ yaml files and runs expression once",
+		ValidArgsFunction: func(_ *cobra.Command, args []string, _ string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
+			if len(args) == 0 {
+				return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+			}
+			return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveDefault
+		},
 		Example: `
-# merges f2.yml into f1.yml (inplace)
-yq eval-all --inplace 'select(fileIndex == 0) * select(fileIndex == 1)' f1.yml f2.yml		
+# Merge f2.yml into f1.yml (in place)
+yq eval-all --inplace 'select(fileIndex == 0) * select(fileIndex == 1)' f1.yml f2.yml
+## the same command and expression using shortened names:
+yq ea -i 'select(fi == 0) * select(fi == 1)' f1.yml f2.yml
+
+
+# Merge all given files
+yq ea '. as $item ireduce ({}; . * $item )' file1.yml file2.yml ...
+
+# Pipe from STDIN
+## use '-' as a filename to pipe from STDIN
+cat file2.yml | yq ea '.a.b' file1.yml - file3.yml
+`,
+		Long: `yq is a portable command-line data file processor (https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/) 
+See https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/ for detailed documentation and examples.
+
+## Evaluate All ##
+This command loads _all_ yaml documents of _all_ yaml files and runs expression once
+Useful when you need to run an expression across several yaml documents or files (like merge).
+Note that it consumes more memory than eval.
 `,
-		Long: "Evaluate All:\nUseful when you need to run an expression across several yaml documents or files. Consumes more memory than eval",
 		RunE: evaluateAll,
 	}
 	return cmdEvalAll
 }
-func evaluateAll(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-	cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+func evaluateAll(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) (cmdError error) {
 	// 0 args, read std in
 	// 1 arg, null input, process expression
 	// 1 arg, read file in sequence
 	// 2+ args, [0] = expression, file the rest
 
 	var err error
-	stat, _ := os.Stdin.Stat()
-	pipingStdIn := (stat.Mode() & os.ModeCharDevice) == 0
+
+	expression, args, err := initCommand(cmd, args)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	out := cmd.OutOrStdout()
 
-	fileInfo, _ := os.Stdout.Stat()
-
-	if forceColor || (!forceNoColor && (fileInfo.Mode()&os.ModeCharDevice) != 0) {
-		colorsEnabled = true
-	}
-
-	if writeInplace && len(args) < 2 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Write inplace flag only applicable when giving an expression and at least one file")
-	}
-
 	if writeInplace {
 		// only use colors if its forced
 		colorsEnabled = forceColor
-		writeInPlaceHandler := yqlib.NewWriteInPlaceHandler(args[1])
+		writeInPlaceHandler := yqlib.NewWriteInPlaceHandler(args[0])
 		out, err = writeInPlaceHandler.CreateTempFile()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		// need to indirectly call the function so  that completedSuccessfully is
 		// passed when we finish execution as opposed to now
-		defer func() { writeInPlaceHandler.FinishWriteInPlace(completedSuccessfully) }()
+		defer func() {
+			if cmdError == nil {
+				cmdError = writeInPlaceHandler.FinishWriteInPlace(completedSuccessfully)
+			}
+		}()
 	}
 
-	if nullInput && len(args) > 1 {
-		return errors.New("Cannot pass files in when using null-input flag")
+	format, err := yqlib.FormatFromString(outputFormat)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	printer := yqlib.NewPrinter(out, outputToJSON, unwrapScalar, colorsEnabled, indent, !noDocSeparators)
+	decoder, err := configureDecoder(true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	printerWriter, err := configurePrinterWriter(format, out)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	encoder, err := configureEncoder()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	printer := yqlib.NewPrinter(encoder, printerWriter)
+	if nulSepOutput {
+		printer.SetNulSepOutput(true)
+	}
+
+	if frontMatter != "" {
+		frontMatterHandler := yqlib.NewFrontMatterHandler(args[0])
+		err = frontMatterHandler.Split()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		args[0] = frontMatterHandler.GetYamlFrontMatterFilename()
+
+		if frontMatter == "process" {
+			reader := frontMatterHandler.GetContentReader()
+			printer.SetAppendix(reader)
+			defer yqlib.SafelyCloseReader(reader)
+		}
+		defer frontMatterHandler.CleanUp()
+	}
 
 	allAtOnceEvaluator := yqlib.NewAllAtOnceEvaluator()
+
 	switch len(args) {
 	case 0:
-		if pipingStdIn {
-			err = allAtOnceEvaluator.EvaluateFiles(processExpression(""), []string{"-"}, printer)
+		if nullInput {
+			err = yqlib.NewStreamEvaluator().EvaluateNew(processExpression(expression), printer)
 		} else {
 			cmd.Println(cmd.UsageString())
 			return nil
 		}
-	case 1:
-		if nullInput {
-			err = yqlib.NewStreamEvaluator().EvaluateNew(processExpression(args[0]), printer)
-		} else {
-			err = allAtOnceEvaluator.EvaluateFiles(processExpression(""), []string{args[0]}, printer)
-		}
 	default:
-		err = allAtOnceEvaluator.EvaluateFiles(processExpression(args[0]), args[1:], printer)
+		err = allAtOnceEvaluator.EvaluateFiles(processExpression(expression), args, printer, decoder)
 	}
 
 	completedSuccessfully = err == nil

cmd/evaluate_sequence_command.go

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/mikefarah/yq/v4/pkg/yqlib"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+func createEvaluateSequenceCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	var cmdEvalSequence = &cobra.Command{
+		Use:     "eval [expression] [yaml_file1]...",
+		Aliases: []string{"e"},
+		Short:   "(default) Apply the expression to each document in each yaml file in sequence",
+		ValidArgsFunction: func(_ *cobra.Command, args []string, _ string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
+			if len(args) == 0 {
+				return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+			}
+			return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveDefault
+		},
+		Example: `
+# Reads field under the given path for each file
+yq e '.a.b' f1.yml f2.yml 
+
+# Prints out the file
+yq e sample.yaml 
+
+# Pipe from STDIN
+## use '-' as a filename to pipe from STDIN
+cat file2.yml | yq e '.a.b' file1.yml - file3.yml
+
+# Creates a new yaml document
+## Note that editing an empty file does not work.
+yq e -n '.a.b.c = "cat"' 
+
+# Update a file in place
+yq e '.a.b = "cool"' -i file.yaml 
+`,
+		Long: `yq is a portable command-line data file processor (https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/) 
+See https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/ for detailed documentation and examples.
+
+## Evaluate Sequence ##
+This command iterates over each yaml document from each given file, applies the 
+expression and prints the result in sequence.`,
+		RunE: evaluateSequence,
+	}
+	return cmdEvalSequence
+}
+
+func processExpression(expression string) string {
+
+	if prettyPrint && expression == "" {
+		return yqlib.PrettyPrintExp
+	} else if prettyPrint {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%v | %v", expression, yqlib.PrettyPrintExp)
+	}
+	return expression
+}
+
+func evaluateSequence(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) (cmdError error) {
+	// 0 args, read std in
+	// 1 arg, null input, process expression
+	// 1 arg, read file in sequence
+	// 2+ args, [0] = expression, file the rest
+
+	out := cmd.OutOrStdout()
+
+	var err error
+
+	expression, args, err := initCommand(cmd, args)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if writeInplace {
+		// only use colors if its forced
+		colorsEnabled = forceColor
+		writeInPlaceHandler := yqlib.NewWriteInPlaceHandler(args[0])
+		out, err = writeInPlaceHandler.CreateTempFile()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		// need to indirectly call the function so  that completedSuccessfully is
+		// passed when we finish execution as opposed to now
+		defer func() {
+			if cmdError == nil {
+				cmdError = writeInPlaceHandler.FinishWriteInPlace(completedSuccessfully)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+
+	format, err := yqlib.FormatFromString(outputFormat)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	printerWriter, err := configurePrinterWriter(format, out)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	encoder, err := configureEncoder()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	printer := yqlib.NewPrinter(encoder, printerWriter)
+
+	if printNodeInfo {
+		printer = yqlib.NewNodeInfoPrinter(printerWriter)
+	}
+
+	if nulSepOutput {
+		printer.SetNulSepOutput(true)
+	}
+
+	decoder, err := configureDecoder(false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	streamEvaluator := yqlib.NewStreamEvaluator()
+
+	if frontMatter != "" {
+		yqlib.GetLogger().Debug("using front matter handler")
+		frontMatterHandler := yqlib.NewFrontMatterHandler(args[0])
+		err = frontMatterHandler.Split()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		args[0] = frontMatterHandler.GetYamlFrontMatterFilename()
+
+		if frontMatter == "process" {
+			reader := frontMatterHandler.GetContentReader()
+			printer.SetAppendix(reader)
+			defer yqlib.SafelyCloseReader(reader)
+		}
+		defer frontMatterHandler.CleanUp()
+	}
+
+	switch len(args) {
+	case 0:
+		if nullInput {
+			err = streamEvaluator.EvaluateNew(processExpression(expression), printer)
+		} else {
+			cmd.Println(cmd.UsageString())
+			return nil
+		}
+	default:
+		err = streamEvaluator.EvaluateFiles(processExpression(expression), args, printer, decoder)
+	}
+	completedSuccessfully = err == nil
+
+	if err == nil && exitStatus && !printer.PrintedAnything() {
+		return errors.New("no matches found")
+	}
+
+	return err
+}

cmd/evalute_sequence_command.go

@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-package cmd
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-
-	"github.com/mikefarah/yq/v4/pkg/yqlib"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-)
-
-func createEvaluateSequenceCommand() *cobra.Command {
-	var cmdEvalSequence = &cobra.Command{
-		Use:     "eval [expression] [yaml_file1]...",
-		Aliases: []string{"e"},
-		Short:   "Apply expression to each document in each yaml file given in sequence",
-		Example: `
-# runs the expression against each file, in series
-yq e '.a.b | length' f1.yml f2.yml 
-
-# prints out the file
-yq e sample.yaml 
-
-# prints a new yaml document
-yq e -n '.a.b.c = "cat"' 
-
-
-# updates file.yaml directly
-yq e '.a.b = "cool"' -i file.yaml 
-`,
-		Long: "Evaluate Sequence:\nIterate over each yaml document, apply the expression and print the results, in sequence.",
-		RunE: evaluateSequence,
-	}
-	return cmdEvalSequence
-}
-
-func processExpression(expression string) string {
-	if prettyPrint && expression == "" {
-		return `... style=""`
-	} else if prettyPrint {
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%v | ... style= \"\"", expression)
-	}
-	return expression
-}
-
-func evaluateSequence(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-	cmd.SilenceUsage = true
-	// 0 args, read std in
-	// 1 arg, null input, process expression
-	// 1 arg, read file in sequence
-	// 2+ args, [0] = expression, file the rest
-
-	var err error
-	stat, _ := os.Stdin.Stat()
-	pipingStdIn := (stat.Mode() & os.ModeCharDevice) == 0
-
-	out := cmd.OutOrStdout()
-
-	fileInfo, _ := os.Stdout.Stat()
-
-	if forceColor || (!forceNoColor && (fileInfo.Mode()&os.ModeCharDevice) != 0) {
-		colorsEnabled = true
-	}
-
-	if writeInplace && len(args) < 2 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Write inplace flag only applicable when giving an expression and at least one file")
-	}
-
-	if writeInplace {
-		// only use colors if its forced
-		colorsEnabled = forceColor
-		writeInPlaceHandler := yqlib.NewWriteInPlaceHandler(args[1])
-		out, err = writeInPlaceHandler.CreateTempFile()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		// need to indirectly call the function so  that completedSuccessfully is
-		// passed when we finish execution as opposed to now
-		defer func() { writeInPlaceHandler.FinishWriteInPlace(completedSuccessfully) }()
-	}
-
-	printer := yqlib.NewPrinter(out, outputToJSON, unwrapScalar, colorsEnabled, indent, !noDocSeparators)
-
-	streamEvaluator := yqlib.NewStreamEvaluator()
-
-	if nullInput && len(args) > 1 {
-		return errors.New("Cannot pass files in when using null-input flag")
-	}
-
-	switch len(args) {
-	case 0:
-		if pipingStdIn {
-			err = streamEvaluator.EvaluateFiles(processExpression(""), []string{"-"}, printer)
-		} else {
-			cmd.Println(cmd.UsageString())
-			return nil
-		}
-	case 1:
-		if nullInput {
-			err = streamEvaluator.EvaluateNew(processExpression(args[0]), printer)
-		} else {
-			err = streamEvaluator.EvaluateFiles(processExpression(""), []string{args[0]}, printer)
-		}
-	default:
-		err = streamEvaluator.EvaluateFiles(args[0], args[1:], printer)
-	}
-	completedSuccessfully = err == nil
-
-	if err == nil && exitStatus && !printer.PrintedAnything() {
-		return errors.New("no matches found")
-	}
-
-	return err
-}

cmd/root.go

@@ -1,58 +1,218 @@
 package cmd
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/mikefarah/yq/v4/pkg/yqlib"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	logging "gopkg.in/op/go-logging.v1"
 )
 
+type runeValue rune
+
+func newRuneVar(p *rune) *runeValue {
+	return (*runeValue)(p)
+}
+
+func (r *runeValue) String() string {
+	return string(*r)
+}
+
+func (r *runeValue) Set(rawVal string) error {
+	val := strings.ReplaceAll(rawVal, "\\n", "\n")
+	val = strings.ReplaceAll(val, "\\t", "\t")
+	val = strings.ReplaceAll(val, "\\r", "\r")
+	val = strings.ReplaceAll(val, "\\f", "\f")
+	val = strings.ReplaceAll(val, "\\v", "\v")
+	if len(val) != 1 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("[%v] is not a valid character. Must be length 1 was %v", val, len(val))
+	}
+	*r = runeValue(rune(val[0]))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *runeValue) Type() string {
+	return "char"
+}
+
 func New() *cobra.Command {
 	var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "yq",
-		Short: "yq is a lightweight and portable command-line YAML processor.",
-		Long:  `yq is a lightweight and portable command-line YAML processor. It aims to be the jq or sed of yaml files.`,
+		Short: "yq is a lightweight and portable command-line data file processor.",
+		Long: `yq is a portable command-line data file processor (https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/) 
+See https://mikefarah.gitbook.io/yq/ for detailed documentation and examples.`,
+		Example: `
+# yq tries to auto-detect the file format based off the extension, and defaults to YAML if it's unknown (or piping through STDIN)
+# Use the '-p/--input-format' flag to specify a format type.
+cat file.xml | yq -p xml
+
+# read the "stuff" node from "myfile.yml"
+yq '.stuff' < myfile.yml
+
+# update myfile.yml in place
+yq -i '.stuff = "foo"' myfile.yml
+
+# print contents of sample.json as idiomatic YAML
+yq -P -oy sample.json
+`,
+
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			if version {
 				cmd.Print(GetVersionDisplay())
 				return nil
 			}
-			cmd.Println(cmd.UsageString())
-			return nil
+			return evaluateSequence(cmd, args)
 
 		},
-		PersistentPreRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		PersistentPreRunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
 			cmd.SetOut(cmd.OutOrStdout())
-			var format = logging.MustStringFormatter(
-				`%{color}%{time:15:04:05} %{shortfunc} [%{level:.4s}]%{color:reset} %{message}`,
-			)
+			level := logging.WARNING
+			stringFormat := `[%{level}] %{color}%{time:15:04:05}%{color:reset} %{message}`
+
+			// when NO_COLOR environment variable presents and not an empty string the coloured output should be disabled;
+			// refer to no-color.org
+			forceNoColor = forceNoColor || os.Getenv("NO_COLOR") != ""
+
+			if verbose && forceNoColor {
+				level = logging.DEBUG
+				stringFormat = `[%{level:5.5s}] %{time:15:04:05} %{shortfile:-33s} %{shortfunc:-25s} %{message}`
+			} else if verbose {
+				level = logging.DEBUG
+				stringFormat = `[%{level:5.5s}] %{color}%{time:15:04:05}%{color:bold} %{shortfile:-33s} %{shortfunc:-25s}%{color:reset} %{message}`
+			} else if forceNoColor {
+				stringFormat = `[%{level}] %{time:15:04:05} %{message}`
+			}
+
+			var format = logging.MustStringFormatter(stringFormat)
 			var backend = logging.AddModuleLevel(
 				logging.NewBackendFormatter(logging.NewLogBackend(os.Stderr, "", 0), format))
 
-			if verbose {
-				backend.SetLevel(logging.DEBUG, "")
-			} else {
-				backend.SetLevel(logging.ERROR, "")
-			}
+			backend.SetLevel(level, "")
 
 			logging.SetBackend(backend)
+			yqlib.InitExpressionParser()
+
+			return nil
 		},
 	}
 
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&verbose, "verbose", "v", false, "verbose mode")
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&outputToJSON, "tojson", "j", false, "output as json. Set indent to 0 to print json in one line.")
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&nullInput, "null-input", "n", false, "Don't read input, simply evaluate the expression given. Useful for creating yaml docs from scratch.")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&printNodeInfo, "debug-node-info", "", false, "debug node info")
+
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&outputToJSON, "tojson", "j", false, "(deprecated) output as json. Set indent to 0 to print json in one line.")
+	err := rootCmd.PersistentFlags().MarkDeprecated("tojson", "please use -o=json instead")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&outputFormat, "output-format", "o", "auto", fmt.Sprintf("[auto|a|%v] output format type.", yqlib.GetAvailableOutputFormatString()))
+	var outputCompletions = []string{"auto"}
+	for _, formats := range yqlib.GetAvailableOutputFormats() {
+		outputCompletions = append(outputCompletions, formats.FormalName)
+	}
+
+	if err = rootCmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("output-format", cobra.FixedCompletions(outputCompletions, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp)); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&inputFormat, "input-format", "p", "auto", fmt.Sprintf("[auto|a|%v] parse format for input.", yqlib.GetAvailableInputFormatString()))
+
+	var inputCompletions = []string{"auto"}
+	for _, formats := range yqlib.GetAvailableInputFormats() {
+		inputCompletions = append(inputCompletions, formats.FormalName)
+	}
+
+	if err = rootCmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("input-format", cobra.FixedCompletions(inputCompletions, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp)); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.AttributePrefix, "xml-attribute-prefix", yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.AttributePrefix, "prefix for xml attributes")
+	if err = rootCmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("xml-attribute-prefix", cobra.NoFileCompletions); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.ContentName, "xml-content-name", yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.ContentName, "name for xml content (if no attribute name is present).")
+	if err = rootCmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("xml-content-name", cobra.NoFileCompletions); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.StrictMode, "xml-strict-mode", yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.StrictMode, "enables strict parsing of XML. See https://pkg.go.dev/encoding/xml for more details.")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.KeepNamespace, "xml-keep-namespace", yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.KeepNamespace, "enables keeping namespace after parsing attributes")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.UseRawToken, "xml-raw-token", yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.UseRawToken, "enables using RawToken method instead Token. Commonly disables namespace translations. See https://pkg.go.dev/encoding/xml#Decoder.RawToken for details.")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.ProcInstPrefix, "xml-proc-inst-prefix", yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.ProcInstPrefix, "prefix for xml processing instructions (e.g. <?xml version=\"1\"?>)")
+	if err = rootCmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("xml-proc-inst-prefix", cobra.NoFileCompletions); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.DirectiveName, "xml-directive-name", yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.DirectiveName, "name for xml directives (e.g. <!DOCTYPE thing cat>)")
+	if err = rootCmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("xml-directive-name", cobra.NoFileCompletions); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.SkipProcInst, "xml-skip-proc-inst", yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.SkipProcInst, "skip over process instructions (e.g. <?xml version=\"1\"?>)")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.SkipDirectives, "xml-skip-directives", yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.SkipDirectives, "skip over directives (e.g. <!DOCTYPE thing cat>)")
+
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredCsvPreferences.AutoParse, "csv-auto-parse", yqlib.ConfiguredCsvPreferences.AutoParse, "parse CSV YAML/JSON values")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().Var(newRuneVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredCsvPreferences.Separator), "csv-separator", "CSV Separator character")
+
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredTsvPreferences.AutoParse, "tsv-auto-parse", yqlib.ConfiguredTsvPreferences.AutoParse, "parse TSV YAML/JSON values")
+
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredLuaPreferences.DocPrefix, "lua-prefix", yqlib.ConfiguredLuaPreferences.DocPrefix, "prefix")
+	if err = rootCmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("lua-prefix", cobra.NoFileCompletions); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredLuaPreferences.DocSuffix, "lua-suffix", yqlib.ConfiguredLuaPreferences.DocSuffix, "suffix")
+	if err = rootCmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("lua-suffix", cobra.NoFileCompletions); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredLuaPreferences.UnquotedKeys, "lua-unquoted", yqlib.ConfiguredLuaPreferences.UnquotedKeys, "output unquoted string keys (e.g. {foo=\"bar\"})")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredLuaPreferences.Globals, "lua-globals", yqlib.ConfiguredLuaPreferences.Globals, "output keys as top-level global variables")
+
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredPropertiesPreferences.KeyValueSeparator, "properties-separator", yqlib.ConfiguredPropertiesPreferences.KeyValueSeparator, "separator to use between keys and values")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yqlib.ConfiguredPropertiesPreferences.UseArrayBrackets, "properties-array-brackets", yqlib.ConfiguredPropertiesPreferences.UseArrayBrackets, "use [x] in array paths (e.g. for SpringBoot)")
+
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yqlib.StringInterpolationEnabled, "string-interpolation", yqlib.StringInterpolationEnabled, "Toggles strings interpolation of \\(exp)")
+
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&nullInput, "null-input", "n", false, "Don't read input, simply evaluate the expression given. Useful for creating docs from scratch.")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&noDocSeparators, "no-doc", "N", false, "Don't print document separators (---)")
 
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVarP(&indent, "indent", "I", 2, "sets indent level for output")
+	if err = rootCmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("indent", cobra.NoFileCompletions); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
 	rootCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&version, "version", "V", false, "Print version information and quit")
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&writeInplace, "inplace", "i", false, "update the yaml file inplace of first yaml file given.")
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&unwrapScalar, "unwrapScalar", "", true, "unwrap scalar, print the value with no quotes, colors or comments")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&writeInplace, "inplace", "i", false, "update the file in place of first file given.")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().VarP(unwrapScalarFlag, "unwrapScalar", "r", "unwrap scalar, print the value with no quotes, colors or comments. Defaults to true for yaml")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("unwrapScalar").NoOptDefVal = "true"
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&nulSepOutput, "nul-output", "0", false, "Use NUL char to separate values. If unwrap scalar is also set, fail if unwrapped scalar contains NUL char.")
+
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&prettyPrint, "prettyPrint", "P", false, "pretty print, shorthand for '... style = \"\"'")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&exitStatus, "exit-status", "e", false, "set exit status if there are no matches or null or false is returned")
 
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&forceColor, "colors", "C", false, "force print with colors")
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&forceNoColor, "no-colors", "M", false, "force print with no colors")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&forceNoColor, "no-colors", "M", forceNoColor, "force print with no colors")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&frontMatter, "front-matter", "f", "", "(extract|process) first input as yaml front-matter. Extract will pull out the yaml content, process will run the expression against the yaml content, leaving the remaining data intact")
+	if err = rootCmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("front-matter", cobra.FixedCompletions([]string{"extract", "process"}, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp)); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&forceExpression, "expression", "", "", "forcibly set the expression argument. Useful when yq argument detection thinks your expression is a file.")
+	if err = rootCmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("expression", cobra.NoFileCompletions); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&yqlib.ConfiguredYamlPreferences.LeadingContentPreProcessing, "header-preprocess", "", true, "Slurp any header comments and separators before processing expression.")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&yqlib.ConfiguredYamlPreferences.FixMergeAnchorToSpec, "yaml-fix-merge-anchor-to-spec", "", false, "Fix merge anchor to match YAML spec. Will default to true in late 2025")
+
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&splitFileExp, "split-exp", "s", "", "print each result (or doc) into a file named (exp). [exp] argument must return a string. You can use $index in the expression as the result counter. The necessary directories will be created.")
+	if err = rootCmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("split-exp", cobra.NoFileCompletions); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&splitFileExpFile, "split-exp-file", "", "", "Use a file to specify the split-exp expression.")
+	if err = rootCmd.MarkPersistentFlagFilename("split-exp-file"); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&expressionFile, "from-file", "", "", "Load expression from specified file.")
+	if err = rootCmd.MarkPersistentFlagFilename("from-file"); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(
 		createEvaluateSequenceCommand(),
 		createEvaluateAllCommand(),

cmd/unwrap_flag.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
+)
+
+type boolFlag interface {
+	pflag.Value
+	IsExplicitlySet() bool
+	IsSet() bool
+}
+
+type unwrapScalarFlagStrc struct {
+	explicitlySet bool
+	value         bool
+}
+
+func newUnwrapFlag() boolFlag {
+	return &unwrapScalarFlagStrc{value: true}
+}
+
+func (f *unwrapScalarFlagStrc) IsExplicitlySet() bool {
+	return f.explicitlySet
+}
+
+func (f *unwrapScalarFlagStrc) IsSet() bool {
+	return f.value
+}
+
+func (f *unwrapScalarFlagStrc) String() string {
+	return strconv.FormatBool(f.value)
+}
+
+func (f *unwrapScalarFlagStrc) Set(value string) error {
+
+	v, err := strconv.ParseBool(value)
+	f.value = v
+	f.explicitlySet = true
+	return err
+}
+
+func (*unwrapScalarFlagStrc) Type() string {
+	return "bool"
+}

cmd/utils.go

@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/mikefarah/yq/v4/pkg/yqlib"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"gopkg.in/op/go-logging.v1"
+)
+
+func isAutomaticOutputFormat() bool {
+	return outputFormat == "" || outputFormat == "auto" || outputFormat == "a"
+}
+
+func initCommand(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) (string, []string, error) {
+	cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+
+	setupColors()
+
+	expression, args, err := processArgs(args)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := loadSplitFileExpression(); err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
+
+	handleBackwardsCompatibility()
+
+	if err := validateCommandFlags(args); err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := configureFormats(args); err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
+
+	configureUnwrapScalar()
+
+	return expression, args, nil
+}
+
+func setupColors() {
+	fileInfo, _ := os.Stdout.Stat()
+
+	if forceColor || (!forceNoColor && (fileInfo.Mode()&os.ModeCharDevice) != 0) {
+		colorsEnabled = true
+	}
+}
+
+func loadSplitFileExpression() error {
+	if splitFileExpFile != "" {
+		splitExpressionBytes, err := os.ReadFile(splitFileExpFile)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		splitFileExp = string(splitExpressionBytes)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func handleBackwardsCompatibility() {
+	// backwards compatibility
+	if outputToJSON {
+		outputFormat = "json"
+	}
+}
+
+func validateCommandFlags(args []string) error {
+	if writeInplace && (len(args) == 0 || args[0] == "-") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write in place flag only applicable when giving an expression and at least one file")
+	}
+
+	if frontMatter != "" && len(args) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("front matter flag only applicable when giving an expression and at least one file")
+	}
+
+	if writeInplace && splitFileExp != "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write in place cannot be used with split file")
+	}
+
+	if nullInput && len(args) > 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot pass files in when using null-input flag")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func configureFormats(args []string) error {
+	inputFilename := ""
+	if len(args) > 0 {
+		inputFilename = args[0]
+	}
+
+	if err := configureInputFormat(inputFilename); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := configureOutputFormat(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	yqlib.GetLogger().Debug("Using input format %v", inputFormat)
+	yqlib.GetLogger().Debug("Using output format %v", outputFormat)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func configureInputFormat(inputFilename string) error {
+	if inputFormat == "" || inputFormat == "auto" || inputFormat == "a" {
+		inputFormat = yqlib.FormatStringFromFilename(inputFilename)
+
+		_, err := yqlib.FormatFromString(inputFormat)
+		if err != nil {
+			// unknown file type, default to yaml
+			yqlib.GetLogger().Debug("Unknown file format extension '%v', defaulting to yaml", inputFormat)
+			inputFormat = "yaml"
+			if isAutomaticOutputFormat() {
+				outputFormat = "yaml"
+			}
+		} else if isAutomaticOutputFormat() {
+			outputFormat = inputFormat
+		}
+	} else if isAutomaticOutputFormat() {
+		// backwards compatibility -
+		// before this was introduced, `yq -pcsv things.csv`
+		// would produce *yaml* output.
+		//
+		outputFormat = yqlib.FormatStringFromFilename(inputFilename)
+		if inputFilename != "-" {
+			yqlib.GetLogger().Warning("yq default output is now 'auto' (based on the filename extension). Normally yq would output '%v', but for backwards compatibility 'yaml' has been set. Please use -oy to specify yaml, or drop the -p flag.", outputFormat)
+		}
+		outputFormat = "yaml"
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func configureOutputFormat() error {
+	outputFormatType, err := yqlib.FormatFromString(outputFormat)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if outputFormatType == yqlib.YamlFormat ||
+		outputFormatType == yqlib.PropertiesFormat {
+		unwrapScalar = true
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func configureUnwrapScalar() {
+	if unwrapScalarFlag.IsExplicitlySet() {
+		unwrapScalar = unwrapScalarFlag.IsSet()
+	}
+}
+
+func configureDecoder(evaluateTogether bool) (yqlib.Decoder, error) {
+	format, err := yqlib.FormatFromString(inputFormat)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	yqlib.ConfiguredYamlPreferences.EvaluateTogether = evaluateTogether
+
+	yqlibDecoder := format.DecoderFactory()
+	if yqlibDecoder == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no support for %s input format", inputFormat)
+	}
+	return yqlibDecoder, nil
+}
+
+func configurePrinterWriter(format *yqlib.Format, out io.Writer) (yqlib.PrinterWriter, error) {
+
+	var printerWriter yqlib.PrinterWriter
+
+	if splitFileExp != "" {
+		colorsEnabled = forceColor
+		splitExp, err := yqlib.ExpressionParser.ParseExpression(splitFileExp)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("bad split document expression: %w", err)
+		}
+		printerWriter = yqlib.NewMultiPrinterWriter(splitExp, format)
+	} else {
+		printerWriter = yqlib.NewSinglePrinterWriter(out)
+	}
+	return printerWriter, nil
+}
+
+func configureEncoder() (yqlib.Encoder, error) {
+	yqlibOutputFormat, err := yqlib.FormatFromString(outputFormat)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	yqlib.ConfiguredXMLPreferences.Indent = indent
+	yqlib.ConfiguredYamlPreferences.Indent = indent
+	yqlib.ConfiguredJSONPreferences.Indent = indent
+
+	yqlib.ConfiguredYamlPreferences.UnwrapScalar = unwrapScalar
+	yqlib.ConfiguredPropertiesPreferences.UnwrapScalar = unwrapScalar
+	yqlib.ConfiguredJSONPreferences.UnwrapScalar = unwrapScalar
+
+	yqlib.ConfiguredYamlPreferences.ColorsEnabled = colorsEnabled
+	yqlib.ConfiguredJSONPreferences.ColorsEnabled = colorsEnabled
+
+	yqlib.ConfiguredYamlPreferences.PrintDocSeparators = !noDocSeparators
+
+	encoder := yqlibOutputFormat.EncoderFactory()
+
+	if encoder == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no support for %s output format", outputFormat)
+	}
+	return encoder, err
+}
+
+// this is a hack to enable backwards compatibility with githubactions (which pipe /dev/null into everything)
+// and being able to call yq with the filename as a single parameter
+//
+// without this - yq detects there is stdin (thanks githubactions),
+// then tries to parse the filename as an expression
+func maybeFile(str string) bool {
+	yqlib.GetLogger().Debugf("checking '%v' is a file", str)
+	stat, err := os.Stat(str) // #nosec
+	result := err == nil && !stat.IsDir()
+	if yqlib.GetLogger().IsEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) {
+		if err != nil {
+			yqlib.GetLogger().Debugf("error: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			yqlib.GetLogger().Debugf("error: %v, dir: %v", err, stat.IsDir())
+		}
+		yqlib.GetLogger().Debugf("result: %v", result)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func processStdInArgs(args []string) []string {
+	stat, err := os.Stdin.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		yqlib.GetLogger().Debugf("error getting stdin: %v", err)
+	}
+	pipingStdin := stat != nil && (stat.Mode()&os.ModeCharDevice) == 0
+
+	// if we've been given a file, don't automatically
+	// read from stdin.
+	// this happens if there is more than one argument
+	// or only one argument and its a file
+	if nullInput || !pipingStdin || len(args) > 1 || (len(args) > 0 && maybeFile(args[0])) {
+		return args
+	}
+
+	for _, arg := range args {
+		if arg == "-" {
+			return args
+		}
+	}
+	yqlib.GetLogger().Debugf("missing '-', adding it to the end")
+
+	// we're piping from stdin, but there's no '-' arg
+	// lets add one to the end
+	return append(args, "-")
+}
+
+func processArgs(originalArgs []string) (string, []string, error) {
+	expression := forceExpression
+	args := processStdInArgs(originalArgs)
+	maybeFirstArgIsAFile := len(args) > 0 && maybeFile(args[0])
+
+	if expressionFile == "" && maybeFirstArgIsAFile && strings.HasSuffix(args[0], ".yq") {
+		// lets check if an expression file was given
+		yqlib.GetLogger().Debug("Assuming arg %v is an expression file", args[0])
+		expressionFile = args[0]
+		args = args[1:]
+	}
+
+	if expressionFile != "" {
+		expressionBytes, err := os.ReadFile(expressionFile)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", nil, err
+		}
+		//replace \r\n (windows) with good ol' unix file endings.
+		expression = strings.ReplaceAll(string(expressionBytes), "\r\n", "\n")
+	}
+
+	yqlib.GetLogger().Debugf("processed args: %v", args)
+	if expression == "" && len(args) > 0 && args[0] != "-" && !maybeFile(args[0]) {
+		yqlib.GetLogger().Debug("assuming expression is '%v'", args[0])
+		expression = args[0]
+		args = args[1:]
+	}
+	return expression, args, nil
+}

cmd/version.go

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ var (
 	GitDescribe string
 
 	// Version is main version number that is being run at the moment.
-	Version = "4.3.0"
+	Version = "v4.46.1"
 
 	// VersionPrerelease is a pre-release marker for the version. If this is "" (empty string)
 	// then it means that it is a final release. Otherwise, this is a pre-release
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ const ProductName = "yq"
 // GetVersionDisplay composes the parts of the version in a way that's suitable
 // for displaying to humans.
 func GetVersionDisplay() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s version %s\n", ProductName, getHumanVersion())
+	return fmt.Sprintf("yq (https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/) version %s\n", getHumanVersion())
 }
 
 func getHumanVersion() string {
@@ -45,5 +45,5 @@ func getHumanVersion() string {
 	}
 
 	// Strip off any single quotes added by the git information.
-	return strings.Replace(version, "'", "", -1)
+	return strings.ReplaceAll(version, "'", "")
 }

cmd/version_test.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package cmd
 import "testing"
 
 func TestGetVersionDisplay(t *testing.T) {
-	var expectedVersion = ProductName + " version " + Version
+	var expectedVersion = ProductName + " (https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/) version " + Version
 	if VersionPrerelease != "" {
 		expectedVersion = expectedVersion + "-" + VersionPrerelease
 	}

cspell.config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+$schema: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/streetsidesoftware/cspell/main/cspell.schema.json
+version: '0.2'
+language: en-GB
+dictionaryDefinitions:
+  - name: project-words
+    path: './project-words.txt'
+    addWords: true
+dictionaries:
+  - project-words
+ignorePaths:
+  - 'vendor'
+  - 'bin'
+  - '/project-words.txt'

debian/changelog

@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-yq (3.3.2) focal; urgency=medium
-
-  * Bug fix: existStatus bug (#459)
-  * Automatically makes a os temp directory if it does not exist (#461)
-
- -- Roberto Mier Escandon <rmescandon@gmail.com>  Fri, 07 Aug 2020 18:53:01 +0200
-
-yq (3.3-0) focal; urgency=medium
-
-  * You can control string styles (quotes) using the new --style flag
-  * String values now always have quotes when outputting to json
-  * Negative array indices now traverse the array backwards
-  * Added a --stripComments flag to print yaml without any comments
-  * Bumped go to version 1.14
-
- -- Roberto Mier Escandon <rmescandon@gmail.com>  Thu, 30 Apr 2020 20:45:44 +0200
-
-yq (3.1-2) eoan; urgency=medium
-
-  * Bug fix: yq 3 was removing empty inline-style objects and arrays (#355)
-  * Bug fix: Merge option returned different output when switching order of 
-    merging files(#347)
-  * Bug fix: Add new object to existing array object was failing in 3.1.1 (#361)
-  * Bug fix: yq 3 empty keys did not allow merging of values (#356)
-  * Bug fix: keys quoted during merge (#363)
-  * Bug fix: Correct length with wc -l (#362)
-  * Bug fix: Write to empty document removed path (#359)
-
- -- Roberto Mier Escandon <rmescandon@gmail.com>  Mon, 24 Feb 2020 20:31:58 +0100
-
-yq (3.1-1) eoan; urgency=medium
-
-  * Keeps yaml comments and formatting, can specify yaml tags when updating.
-  * Handles anchors
-  * Can print out matching paths and values when splatting
-  * JSON output works for all commands
-  * Yaml files with multiple documents are printed out as one JSON 
-    document per line.
-  * Deep splat (**) to match arbitrary paths
-  * Update scripts file format has changed to be more powerful
-  * Reading and splatting, matching results are printed once per line
-  * Bugfixing
-
- -- Roberto Mier Escandon <rmescandon@gmail.com>  Tue, 11 Feb 2020 22:18:24 +0100
-
-yq (2.2-1) bionic; urgency=medium
-
-  * Added Windows support for the "--inplace" command flag
-  * Prefix now supports arrays
-  * Add prefix command
-  * Bump Alpine version to 3.8
-  * Improved docker build process
-  * Lint fixes
-  * Build support for all linux architectures supported by gox
-
- -- Roberto Mier Escandon <rmescandon@gmail.com>  Sat, 19 Jan 2019 15:50:47 +0100
-
-yq (2.1-0) bionic; urgency=medium
-
-  * Ability to read multiple documents in a single file
-  * Ability to append list items instead of overwriting
-
- -- Roberto Mier Escandón <rmescandon@gmail.com>  Tue, 10 Jul 2018 14:02:42 +0200
-
-yq (2.0-0) bionic; urgency=medium
-
-  * Release 2.0.0
-
- -- Roberto Mier Escandón <rmescandon@gmail.com>  Wed, 20 Jun 2018 10:29:53 +0200
-
-yq (1.15-0) bionic; urgency=medium
-
-  * Release 1.15
-
- -- Roberto Mier Escandón <rmescandon@gmail.com>  Wed, 06 Jun 2018 11:32:03 +0200
-

debian/compat

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-10

debian/control

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-Source: yq
-Section: devel
-Priority: optional
-Maintainer: Roberto Mier Escandón <rmescandon@gmail.com>
-Build-Depends: debhelper (>=10),
-               dh-golang (>=1.34),
-               golang-1.13,
-               rsync
-Standards-Version: 4.1.4
-Homepage: https://github.com/mikefarah/yq.git
-Vcs-Browser: https://github.com/mikefarah/yq.git
-Vcs-Git: https://github.com/mikefarah/yq.git
-XS-Go-Import-Path: github.com/mikefarah/yq
-XSBC-Original-Maintainer: Roberto Mier Escandón <rmescandon@gmail.com>
-
-Package: yq
-Architecture: any
-Depends: ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends}
-Description: lightweight and portable command-line YAML processor
- .
- The aim of the project is to be the 
- [jq](https://github.com/stedolan/jq) or sed of yaml files.

debian/copyright

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-Format: http://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/copyright-format/1.0/
-Upstream-Name: yq
-Source: https://github.com/mikefarah/yq.git
-
-Files: *
-Copyright: 2017 Mike Farah
-License: Expat
-    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-    .
-    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-    copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-    .
-    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-    SOFTWARE.

debian/gbp.conf

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-[DEFAULT]
-pristine-tar = True

debian/rules

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/make -f
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2018 Roberto Mier Escandón <rmescandon@gmail.com>
-#
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 as
-# published by the Free Software Foundation.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-PROJECT := yq
-OWNER := mikefarah
-REPO := github.com
-GOVERSION := 1.13
-
-export DH_OPTIONS
-export DH_GOPKG := ${REPO}/${OWNER}/${PROJECT}
-export GOROOT := /usr/lib/go-${GOVERSION}
-export GOPATH := ${CURDIR}/_build
-export GOBIN := ${GOPATH}/bin
-export PATH := ${GOROOT}/bin:${GOBIN}:${PATH}
-export GOCACHE := /tmp/gocache
-export GOFLAGS := -mod=vendor
-
-SRCDIR := ${GOPATH}/src/${DH_GOPKG}
-DESTDIR := ${CURDIR}/debian/${PROJECT}
-BINDIR := /usr/bin
-ASSETSDIR := /usr/share/${PROJECT}
-
-%:
-	dh $@ --builddirectory=${GOPATH} --buildsystem=golang
-
-override_dh_auto_build:
-	mkdir -p ${SRCDIR}
-	mkdir -p ${GOBIN}
-	# copy project to local srcdir to build from there
-	rsync -avz --progress --exclude=_build --exclude=debian --exclude=tmp. --exclude=go.mod --exclude=docs . $(SRCDIR)
-	# build go code
-	(cd ${SRCDIR} && go install -buildmode=pie ./...)
-	
-override_dh_auto_test:
-	(cd ${SRCDIR} && go test -v ./...)
-
-override_dh_auto_install:
-	cp ${GOBIN}/yq ${DESTDIR}/${BINDIR}
-	cp -f ${SRCDIR}/LICENSE ${DESTDIR}/${ASSETSDIR}
-	chmod a+x ${DESTDIR}/${BINDIR}/yq
-
-override_dh_auto_clean:
-	dh_clean
-	rm -rf ${CURDIR}/_build

debian/source/format

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-3.0 (native)

debian/yq.dirs

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-usr/bin
-usr/share/yq
-usr/share/man/man1

examples/array.yaml

@@ -1,11 +1,2 @@
----
-- become: true
-  gather_facts: false
-  hosts: lalaland
-  name: "Apply smth"
-  roles:
-    - lala
-    - land
-  serial: 1
-- become: false
-  gather_facts: true
+- [cat, dog, frog, cow]
+- [apple, banana, grape, mango]

examples/base64.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+bXkgc2VjcmV0IGNoaWxsaSByZWNpcGUgaXMuLi4u

examples/data.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+return {
+	["country"] = "Australia"; -- this place
+	["cities"] = {
+		"Sydney",
+		"Melbourne",
+		"Brisbane",
+		"Perth",
+	};
+};

examples/data1.yaml

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-a: simple # just the best
-b: [1, 2]
-c:
-  test: 1
+# 001
+---
+abc:  # 001
+- 1   # one
+- 2   # two
+
+---
+def   # 002

examples/data2.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-a: other # better than the original
-b: [3, 4]
-c:
-  toast: leave
-  test: 1
-  tell: 1
-  tasty.taco: cool
+# --------------------------------------------------
+# It's a test with comment
+# --------------------------------------------------
+groups:
+  - name: d

examples/empty.yaml

@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-# a: apple
-# b: cat
+# comment

examples/environment.yq

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#! yq
+.[] |(
+    ( select(kind == "scalar") | key + "='" + . + "'"),
+    ( select(kind == "seq") | key + "=(" + (map("'" + . + "'") | join(",")) + ")")
+)

examples/example.properties

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# comments on values appear
+person.name = Mike
+
+# comments on array values appear
+person.pets.0 = cat
+person.food.0 = pizza

examples/front-matter.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+a: apple
+b: banana
+---
+hello there
+apples: great

examples/leading-separator.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+---
+a: test

examples/mike.xml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<zoo><thing><frog>boing</frog></thing></zoo>

examples/mike2.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+  <!-- osm-->
+  <osm version="0.6" generator="CGImap 0.0.2">
+  <!-- bounds-->
+   <bounds minlat="54.0889580" minlon="12.2487570" maxlat="54.0913900" maxlon="12.2524800">
+   <!-- great -->
+   cool
+   </bounds>
+   <foo>ba2234r</foo>
+   <foo>bar2234233</foo>
+  </osm>

examples/sample.ini

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+; This is a INI document
+
+[owner]
+name = "Tom Preston-Werner"
+dob = 1979-05-27T07:32:00-08:00
+
+[database]
+db_host = "localhost"
+db_port = 5432
+db_user = "postgres"
+db_password = ""
+db_name = "postgres"
+

examples/sample.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+
+
+# This is a TOML document
+
+title = "TOML Example"
+
+[owner]
+name = "Tom Preston-Werner"
+dob = 1979-05-27T07:32:00-08:00
+
+[database]
+enabled = true
+ports = [ 8000, 8001, 8002 ]
+data = [ ["delta", "phi"], [3.14] ]
+temp_targets = { cpu = 79.5, case = 72.0 }
+
+[servers]
+
+[servers.alpha]
+ip = "10.0.0.1"
+role = "frontend"
+
+[servers.beta]
+ip = "10.0.0.2"
+role = "backend"
+

examples/sample.yaml

@@ -1,11 +1,2 @@
-# Some doc
-
-a: true
-b:
-  c: 2
-  d: [3, 4, 5]
-  e:
-    - name: fred
-      value: 3
-    - name: sam
-      value: 4
+ # things
+a: apple

examples/sample_no_sections.ini

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+; This is a INI document
+name = "Tom Preston-Werner"
+dob = 1979-05-27T07:32:00-08:00
+enabled = true
+ip = "10.0.0.1"
+role = "frontend"
+treads = 4

examples/sample_objects.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+name,numberOfCats,likesApples,height
+,1,true,168.8
+Samantha's Rabbit,2,false,-188.8

examples/small.properties

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+this.is = a properties file

examples/small.xml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<this>is some xml</this>

examples/small.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+---
+# comment
+# about things
+a: cat

examples/thing.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+a: apple is included
+b: cool.

github-action/Dockerfile

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-FROM mikefarah/yq:4.3.0
+FROM mikefarah/yq:4
 
 COPY entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh
 
+# github action recommendation is to run as root.
+# https://docs.github.com/en/actions/creating-actions/dockerfile-support-for-github-actions#user
+USER root
+
 ENTRYPOINT ["/entrypoint.sh"]

github-action/entrypoint.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,12 @@
 #!/bin/sh -l
-
-echo "$1"
-eval $1
+set -e
+echo "::debug::\$cmd: $1"
+RESULT=$(eval "$1")
+echo "::debug::\$RESULT: $RESULT"
+# updating from 
+# https://github.com/orgs/community/discussions/26288#discussioncomment-3876281
+# https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-commands-for-github-actions#setting-an-output-parameter
+delimiter=$(cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid)
+echo "result<<${delimiter}" >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+echo "${RESULT}" >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+echo "${delimiter}" >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"

go.mod

@@ -1,16 +1,35 @@
 module github.com/mikefarah/yq/v4
 
 require (
-	github.com/elliotchance/orderedmap v1.3.0
-	github.com/fatih/color v1.10.0
-	github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.8.4
-	github.com/jinzhu/copier v0.1.0
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.1.1
-	github.com/timtadh/data-structures v0.5.3 // indirect
-	github.com/timtadh/lexmachine v0.2.2
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210105210732-16f7687f5001 // indirect
+	github.com/a8m/envsubst v1.4.3
+	github.com/alecthomas/participle/v2 v2.1.4
+	github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.4.0
+	github.com/dimchansky/utfbom v1.1.1
+	github.com/elliotchance/orderedmap v1.8.0
+	github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0
+	github.com/go-ini/ini v1.67.0
+	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.5
+	github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.18.0
+	github.com/jinzhu/copier v0.4.0
+	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.10
+	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4
+	github.com/pkg/diff v0.0.0-20210226163009-20ebb0f2a09e
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.9.1
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.6
+	github.com/yuin/gopher-lua v1.1.1
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4
+	golang.org/x/net v0.41.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.27.0
 	gopkg.in/op/go-logging.v1 v1.0.0-20160211212156-b2cb9fa56473
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b
 )
 
-go 1.15
+require (
+	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.14 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.33.0 // indirect
+)
+
+go 1.24
+
+toolchain go1.24.1

go.sum

@@ -1,332 +1,67 @@
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-gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.51.0/go.mod h1:pNLf8WUiyNEtQjuu5G5vTm06TEv9tsIgeAvK8hOrP4k=
 gopkg.in/op/go-logging.v1 v1.0.0-20160211212156-b2cb9fa56473 h1:6D+BvnJ/j6e222UW8s2qTSe3wGBtvo0MbVQG/c5k8RE=
 gopkg.in/op/go-logging.v1 v1.0.0-20160211212156-b2cb9fa56473/go.mod h1:N1eN2tsCx0Ydtgjl4cqmbRCsY4/+z4cYDeqwZTk6zog=
-gopkg.in/resty.v1 v1.12.0/go.mod h1:mDo4pnntr5jdWRML875a/NmxYqAlA73dVijT2AXvQQo=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.0.0-20170812160011-eb3733d160e7/go.mod h1:JAlM8MvJe8wmxCU4Bli9HhUf9+ttbYbLASfIpnQbh74=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.1/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2 h1:ZCJp+EgiOT7lHqUV2J862kp8Qj64Jo6az82+3Td9dZw=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.4/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.8 h1:obN1ZagJSUGI0Ek/LBmuj4SNLPfIny3KsKFopxRdj10=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.8/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b h1:h8qDotaEPuJATrMmW04NCwg7v22aHH28wwpauUhK9Oo=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190102054323-c2f93a96b099/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
-honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190106161140-3f1c8253044a/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
-honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190418001031-e561f6794a2a/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
-honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.1-2019.2.3/go.mod h1:a3bituU0lyd329TUQxRnasdCoJDkEUEAqEt0JzvZhAg=
-rsc.io/binaryregexp v0.2.0/go.mod h1:qTv7/COck+e2FymRvadv62gMdZztPaShugOCi3I+8D8=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=

how-it-works.md

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+# How it works
+
+In `yq` expressions are made up of operators and pipes. A context of nodes is passed through the expression and each operation takes the context as input and returns a new context as output. That output is piped in as input for the next operation in the expression. To begin with, the context is set to the first yaml document of the first yaml file (if processing in sequence using eval).
+
+Lets look at a couple of examples.
+
+## Simple assignment example
+
+Given a document like:
+
+```yaml
+a: cat
+b: dog
+```
+
+with an expression:
+
+```
+.a = .b
+```
+
+Like math expressions - operator precedence is important. 
+
+The `=` operator takes two arguments, a `lhs` expression, which in this case is `.a` and `rhs` expression which is `.b`. 
+
+It pipes the current, lets call it 'root' context through the `lhs` expression of `.a` to return the node 
+
+```yaml
+cat
+```
+
+Side note: this node holds not only its value 'cat', but comments and metadata too, including path and parent information.
+
+The `=` operator then pipes the 'root' context through the `rhs` expression of `.b` to return the node
+
+```yaml
+dog
+```
+
+Both sides have now been evaluated, so now the operator copies across the value from the RHS (`.b`) to the LHS (`.a`), and it returns the now updated context:
+
+```yaml
+a: dog
+b: dog
+```
+
+
+## Complex assignment, operator precedence rules
+
+Just like math expressions - `yq` expressions have an order of precedence. The pipe `|` operator has a low order of precedence, so operators with higher precedence will get evaluated first. 
+
+Most of the time, this is intuitively what you'd want, for instance `.a = "cat" | .b = "dog"` is effectively: `(.a = "cat") | (.b = "dog")`.
+
+However, this is not always the case, particularly if you have a complex LHS or RHS expression, for instance if you want to select particular nodes to update. 
+
+Lets say you had:
+
+```yaml
+- name: bob
+  fruit: apple
+- name: sally
+  fruit: orange
+
+```
+
+Lets say you wanted to update the `sally` entry to have fruit: 'mango'. The _incorrect_ way to do that is:
+`.[] | select(.name == "sally") | .fruit = "mango"`.
+
+Because `|` has a low operator precedence, this will be evaluated (_incorrectly_) as : `(.[]) | (select(.name == "sally")) | (.fruit = "mango")`. What you'll see is only the updated segment returned:
+
+```yaml
+name: sally
+fruit: mango
+```
+
+To properly update this yaml, you will need to use brackets (think BODMAS from maths) and wrap the entire LHS:
+`(.[] | select(.name == "sally") | .fruit) = "mango"`
+
+
+Now that entire LHS expression is passed to the 'assign' (`=`) operator, and the yaml is correctly updated and returned:
+
+
+```yaml
+- name: bob
+  fruit: apple
+- name: sally
+  fruit: mango
+
+```
+
+## Relative update (e.g. `|=`)
+There is another form of the `=` operator which we call the relative form. It's very similar to `=` but with one key difference when evaluating the RHS expression.
+
+In the plain form, we pass in the 'root' level context to the RHS expression. In relative form, we pass in _each result of the LHS_ to the RHS expression. Let's go through an example.
+
+Given a document like:
+
+```yaml
+a: 1
+b: thing
+```
+
+with an expression:
+
+```
+.a |= . + 1
+```
+
+Similar to the `=` operator, `|=` takes two operands, the LHS and RHS.
+
+It pipes the current context (the whole document) through the LHS expression of `.a` to get the node value:
+
+```
+1
+```
+
+Now it pipes _that LHS context_ into the RHS expression `. + 1` (whereas in the `=` plain form it piped the original document context into the RHS) to yield:
+
+
+```
+2
+```
+
+The assignment operator then copies across the value from the RHS to the value on the LHS, and it returns the now updated 'root' context:
+
+```yaml
+a: 2
+b: thing
+```

pkg/yqlib/all_at_once_evaluator.go

@@ -1,43 +1,73 @@
 package yqlib
 
-import "container/list"
+import (
+	"container/list"
+)
 
-/**
-	Loads all yaml documents of all files given into memory, then runs the given expression once.
-**/
+// A yaml expression evaluator that runs the expression once against all files/nodes in memory.
 type Evaluator interface {
-	EvaluateFiles(expression string, filenames []string, printer Printer) error
+	EvaluateFiles(expression string, filenames []string, printer Printer, decoder Decoder) error
+
+	// EvaluateNodes takes an expression and one or more yaml nodes, returning a list of matching candidate nodes
+	EvaluateNodes(expression string, nodes ...*CandidateNode) (*list.List, error)
+
+	// EvaluateCandidateNodes takes an expression and list of candidate nodes, returning a list of matching candidate nodes
+	EvaluateCandidateNodes(expression string, inputCandidateNodes *list.List) (*list.List, error)
 }
 
 type allAtOnceEvaluator struct {
 	treeNavigator DataTreeNavigator
-	treeCreator   PathTreeCreator
 }
 
 func NewAllAtOnceEvaluator() Evaluator {
-	return &allAtOnceEvaluator{treeNavigator: NewDataTreeNavigator(), treeCreator: NewPathTreeCreator()}
+	InitExpressionParser()
+	return &allAtOnceEvaluator{treeNavigator: NewDataTreeNavigator()}
 }
 
-func (e *allAtOnceEvaluator) EvaluateFiles(expression string, filenames []string, printer Printer) error {
-	fileIndex := 0
-	node, err := treeCreator.ParsePath(expression)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+func (e *allAtOnceEvaluator) EvaluateNodes(expression string, nodes ...*CandidateNode) (*list.List, error) {
+	inputCandidates := list.New()
+	for _, node := range nodes {
+		inputCandidates.PushBack(node)
 	}
-	var allDocuments *list.List = list.New()
+	return e.EvaluateCandidateNodes(expression, inputCandidates)
+}
+
+func (e *allAtOnceEvaluator) EvaluateCandidateNodes(expression string, inputCandidates *list.List) (*list.List, error) {
+	node, err := ExpressionParser.ParseExpression(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	context, err := e.treeNavigator.GetMatchingNodes(Context{MatchingNodes: inputCandidates}, node)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return context.MatchingNodes, nil
+}
+
+func (e *allAtOnceEvaluator) EvaluateFiles(expression string, filenames []string, printer Printer, decoder Decoder) error {
+	fileIndex := 0
+
+	var allDocuments = list.New()
 	for _, filename := range filenames {
 		reader, err := readStream(filename)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		fileDocuments, err := readDocuments(reader, filename, fileIndex)
+
+		fileDocuments, err := readDocuments(reader, filename, fileIndex, decoder)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		allDocuments.PushBackList(fileDocuments)
 		fileIndex = fileIndex + 1
 	}
-	matches, err := treeNavigator.GetMatchingNodes(allDocuments, node)
+
+	if allDocuments.Len() == 0 {
+		candidateNode := createScalarNode(nil, "")
+		allDocuments.PushBack(candidateNode)
+	}
+
+	matches, err := e.EvaluateCandidateNodes(expression, allDocuments)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

pkg/yqlib/all_at_once_evaluator_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package yqlib
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/mikefarah/yq/v4/test"
+)
+
+var evaluateNodesScenario = []expressionScenario{
+	{
+		document:   `a: hello`,
+		expression: `.a`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[a], (!!str)::hello\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		document:   `a: hello`,
+		expression: `.`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[], (!!map)::a: hello\n",
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		document:   `- a: "yes"`,
+		expression: `.[] | has("a")`,
+		expected: []string{
+			"D0, P[0], (!!bool)::true\n",
+		},
+	},
+}
+
+func TestAllAtOnceEvaluateNodes(t *testing.T) {
+	var evaluator = NewAllAtOnceEvaluator()
+	// logging.SetLevel(logging.DEBUG, "")
+	for _, tt := range evaluateNodesScenario {
+		decoder := NewYamlDecoder(ConfiguredYamlPreferences)
+		reader := bufio.NewReader(strings.NewReader(tt.document))
+		err := decoder.Init(reader)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+			return
+		}
+		candidateNode, errorReading := decoder.Decode()
+
+		if errorReading != nil {
+			t.Error(errorReading)
+			return
+		}
+
+		list, _ := evaluator.EvaluateNodes(tt.expression, candidateNode)
+		test.AssertResultComplex(t, tt.expected, resultsToString(t, list))
+	}
+}

pkg/yqlib/candidate_node.go

@@ -1,111 +1,540 @@
 package yqlib
 
 import (
+	"container/list"
 	"fmt"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/jinzhu/copier"
-	yaml "gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
+type Kind uint32
+
+const (
+	SequenceNode Kind = 1 << iota
+	MappingNode
+	ScalarNode
+	AliasNode
+)
+
+type Style uint32
+
+const (
+	TaggedStyle Style = 1 << iota
+	DoubleQuotedStyle
+	SingleQuotedStyle
+	LiteralStyle
+	FoldedStyle
+	FlowStyle
+)
+
+func createStringScalarNode(stringValue string) *CandidateNode {
+	var node = &CandidateNode{Kind: ScalarNode}
+	node.Value = stringValue
+	node.Tag = "!!str"
+	return node
+}
+
+func createScalarNode(value interface{}, stringValue string) *CandidateNode {
+	var node = &CandidateNode{Kind: ScalarNode}
+	node.Value = stringValue
+
+	switch value.(type) {
+	case float32, float64:
+		node.Tag = "!!float"
+	case int, int64, int32:
+		node.Tag = "!!int"
+	case bool:
+		node.Tag = "!!bool"
+	case string:
+		node.Tag = "!!str"
+	case nil:
+		node.Tag = "!!null"
+	}
+	return node
+}
+
+type NodeInfo struct {
+	Kind        string      `yaml:"kind"`
+	Style       string      `yaml:"style,omitempty"`
+	Anchor      string      `yaml:"anchor,omitempty"`
+	Tag         string      `yaml:"tag,omitempty"`
+	HeadComment string      `yaml:"headComment,omitempty"`
+	LineComment string      `yaml:"lineComment,omitempty"`
+	FootComment string      `yaml:"footComment,omitempty"`
+	Value       string      `yaml:"value,omitempty"`
+	Line        int         `yaml:"line,omitempty"`
+	Column      int         `yaml:"column,omitempty"`
+	Content     []*NodeInfo `yaml:"content,omitempty"`
+}
+
 type CandidateNode struct {
-	Node      *yaml.Node    // the actual node
-	Path      []interface{} /// the path we took to get to this node
-	Document  uint          // the document index of this node
-	Filename  string
-	FileIndex int
+	Kind  Kind
+	Style Style
+
+	Tag     string
+	Value   string
+	Anchor  string
+	Alias   *CandidateNode
+	Content []*CandidateNode
+
+	HeadComment string
+	LineComment string
+	FootComment string
+
+	Parent *CandidateNode // parent node
+	Key    *CandidateNode // node key, if this is a value from a map (or index in an array)
+
+	LeadingContent string
+
+	document uint // the document index of this node
+	filename string
+
+	Line   int
+	Column int
+
+	fileIndex int
+	// when performing op against all nodes given, this will treat all the nodes as one
+	// (e.g. top level cross document merge). This property does not propagate to child nodes.
+	EvaluateTogether bool
+	IsMapKey         bool
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) CreateChild() *CandidateNode {
+	return &CandidateNode{
+		Parent: n,
+	}
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) SetDocument(idx uint) {
+	n.document = idx
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) GetDocument() uint {
+	// defer to parent
+	if n.Parent != nil {
+		return n.Parent.GetDocument()
+	}
+	return n.document
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) SetFilename(name string) {
+	n.filename = name
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) GetFilename() string {
+	if n.Parent != nil {
+		return n.Parent.GetFilename()
+	}
+	return n.filename
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) SetFileIndex(idx int) {
+	n.fileIndex = idx
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) GetFileIndex() int {
+	if n.Parent != nil {
+		return n.Parent.GetFileIndex()
+	}
+	return n.fileIndex
 }
 
 func (n *CandidateNode) GetKey() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%v - %v", n.Document, n.Path)
+	keyPrefix := ""
+	if n.IsMapKey {
+		keyPrefix = fmt.Sprintf("key-%v-", n.Value)
+	}
+	key := ""
+	if n.Key != nil {
+		key = n.Key.Value
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%v%v - %v", keyPrefix, n.GetDocument(), key)
 }
 
-func (n *CandidateNode) CreateChildPath(path interface{}) []interface{} {
-	//don't use append as they may actually modify the path of the orignal node!
-	newPath := make([]interface{}, len(n.Path)+1)
-	copy(newPath, n.Path)
-	newPath[len(n.Path)] = path
-	return newPath
-}
-
-func (n *CandidateNode) Copy() (*CandidateNode, error) {
-	clone := &CandidateNode{}
-	err := copier.Copy(clone, n)
+func (n *CandidateNode) getParsedKey() interface{} {
+	if n.IsMapKey {
+		return n.Value
+	}
+	if n.Key == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if n.Key.Tag == "!!str" {
+		return n.Key.Value
+	}
+	index, err := parseInt(n.Key.Value)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return n.Key.Value
 	}
-	return clone, nil
+	return index
+
 }
 
-// updates this candidate from the given candidate node
-func (n *CandidateNode) UpdateFrom(other *CandidateNode) {
-
-	n.UpdateAttributesFrom(other)
-	n.Node.Content = other.Node.Content
-	n.Node.Value = other.Node.Value
-	n.Node.Alias = other.Node.Alias
-}
-
-func (n *CandidateNode) UpdateAttributesFrom(other *CandidateNode) {
-	if n.Node.Kind != other.Node.Kind {
-		// clear out the contents when switching to a different type
-		// e.g. map to array
-		n.Node.Content = make([]*yaml.Node, 0)
-		n.Node.Value = ""
-	}
-	n.Node.Kind = other.Node.Kind
-	n.Node.Tag = other.Node.Tag
-
-	// merge will pickup the style of the new thing
-	// when autocreating nodes
-	if n.Node.Style == 0 {
-		n.Node.Style = other.Node.Style
-	}
-	n.Node.FootComment = n.Node.FootComment + other.Node.FootComment
-	n.Node.HeadComment = n.Node.HeadComment + other.Node.HeadComment
-	n.Node.LineComment = n.Node.LineComment + other.Node.LineComment
-}
-
-func (n *CandidateNode) PathStackToString() string {
-	return mergePathStackToString(n.Path)
-}
-
-func mergePathStackToString(pathStack []interface{}) string {
-	var sb strings.Builder
-	for index, path := range pathStack {
-		switch path.(type) {
-		case int, int64:
-			// if arrayMergeStrategy == AppendArrayMergeStrategy {
-			// sb.WriteString("[+]")
-			// } else {
-			sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("[%v]", path))
-			// }
-
-		default:
-			s := fmt.Sprintf("%v", path)
-			var _, errParsingInt = strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, 64) // nolint
-
-			hasSpecial := strings.Contains(s, ".") || strings.Contains(s, "[") || strings.Contains(s, "]") || strings.Contains(s, "\"")
-			hasDoubleQuotes := strings.Contains(s, "\"")
-			wrappingCharacterStart := "\""
-			wrappingCharacterEnd := "\""
-			if hasDoubleQuotes {
-				wrappingCharacterStart = "("
-				wrappingCharacterEnd = ")"
-			}
-			if hasSpecial || errParsingInt == nil {
-				sb.WriteString(wrappingCharacterStart)
-			}
-			sb.WriteString(s)
-			if hasSpecial || errParsingInt == nil {
-				sb.WriteString(wrappingCharacterEnd)
-			}
+func (n *CandidateNode) FilterMapContentByKey(keyPredicate func(*CandidateNode) bool) []*CandidateNode {
+	var result []*CandidateNode
+	for index := 0; index < len(n.Content); index = index + 2 {
+		keyNode := n.Content[index]
+		valueNode := n.Content[index+1]
+		if keyPredicate(keyNode) {
+			result = append(result, keyNode, valueNode)
 		}
+	}
+	return result
+}
 
-		if index < len(pathStack)-1 {
-			sb.WriteString(".")
+func (n *CandidateNode) GetPath() []interface{} {
+	key := n.getParsedKey()
+	if n.Parent != nil && key != nil {
+		return append(n.Parent.GetPath(), key)
+	}
+
+	if key != nil {
+		return []interface{}{key}
+	}
+	return make([]interface{}, 0)
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) GetNicePath() string {
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	path := n.GetPath()
+	for i, element := range path {
+		elementStr := fmt.Sprintf("%v", element)
+		switch element.(type) {
+		case int:
+			sb.WriteString("[" + elementStr + "]")
+		default:
+			if i == 0 {
+				sb.WriteString(elementStr)
+			} else if strings.ContainsRune(elementStr, '.') {
+				sb.WriteString("[" + elementStr + "]")
+			} else {
+				sb.WriteString("." + elementStr)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	return sb.String()
 }
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) AsList() *list.List {
+	elMap := list.New()
+	elMap.PushBack(n)
+	return elMap
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) SetParent(parent *CandidateNode) {
+	n.Parent = parent
+}
+
+type ValueVisitor func(*CandidateNode) error
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) VisitValues(visitor ValueVisitor) error {
+	switch n.Kind {
+	case MappingNode:
+		for i := 1; i < len(n.Content); i = i + 2 {
+			if err := visitor(n.Content[i]); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	case SequenceNode:
+		for i := 0; i < len(n.Content); i = i + 1 {
+			if err := visitor(n.Content[i]); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) CanVisitValues() bool {
+	return n.Kind == MappingNode || n.Kind == SequenceNode
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) AddKeyValueChild(rawKey *CandidateNode, rawValue *CandidateNode) (*CandidateNode, *CandidateNode) {
+	key := rawKey.Copy()
+	key.SetParent(n)
+	key.IsMapKey = true
+
+	value := rawValue.Copy()
+	value.SetParent(n)
+	value.IsMapKey = false // force this, incase we are creating a value from a key
+	value.Key = key
+
+	n.Content = append(n.Content, key, value)
+	return key, value
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) AddChild(rawChild *CandidateNode) {
+	value := rawChild.Copy()
+	value.SetParent(n)
+	value.IsMapKey = false
+
+	index := len(n.Content)
+	keyNode := createScalarNode(index, fmt.Sprintf("%v", index))
+	keyNode.SetParent(n)
+	value.Key = keyNode
+
+	n.Content = append(n.Content, value)
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) AddChildren(children []*CandidateNode) {
+	if n.Kind == MappingNode {
+		for i := 0; i < len(children); i += 2 {
+			key := children[i]
+			value := children[i+1]
+			n.AddKeyValueChild(key, value)
+		}
+
+	} else {
+		for _, rawChild := range children {
+			n.AddChild(rawChild)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) GetValueRep() (interface{}, error) {
+	log.Debugf("GetValueRep for %v value: %v", n.GetNicePath(), n.Value)
+	realTag := n.guessTagFromCustomType()
+
+	switch realTag {
+	case "!!int":
+		_, val, err := parseInt64(n.Value)
+		return val, err
+	case "!!float":
+		// need to test this
+		return strconv.ParseFloat(n.Value, 64)
+	case "!!bool":
+		return isTruthyNode(n), nil
+	case "!!null":
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	return n.Value, nil
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) guessTagFromCustomType() string {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(n.Tag, "!!") {
+		return n.Tag
+	} else if n.Value == "" {
+		log.Debug("guessTagFromCustomType: node has no value to guess the type with")
+		return n.Tag
+	}
+	dataBucket, errorReading := parseSnippet(n.Value)
+
+	if errorReading != nil {
+		log.Debug("guessTagFromCustomType: could not guess underlying tag type %v", errorReading)
+		return n.Tag
+	}
+	guessedTag := dataBucket.Tag
+	log.Info("im guessing the tag %v is a %v", n.Tag, guessedTag)
+	return guessedTag
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) CreateReplacement(kind Kind, tag string, value string) *CandidateNode {
+	node := &CandidateNode{
+		Kind:  kind,
+		Tag:   tag,
+		Value: value,
+	}
+	return n.CopyAsReplacement(node)
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) CopyAsReplacement(replacement *CandidateNode) *CandidateNode {
+	newCopy := replacement.Copy()
+	newCopy.Parent = n.Parent
+
+	if n.IsMapKey {
+		newCopy.Key = n
+	} else {
+		newCopy.Key = n.Key
+	}
+
+	return newCopy
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) CreateReplacementWithComments(kind Kind, tag string, style Style) *CandidateNode {
+	replacement := n.CreateReplacement(kind, tag, "")
+	replacement.LeadingContent = n.LeadingContent
+	replacement.HeadComment = n.HeadComment
+	replacement.LineComment = n.LineComment
+	replacement.FootComment = n.FootComment
+	replacement.Style = style
+	return replacement
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) Copy() *CandidateNode {
+	return n.doCopy(true)
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) CopyWithoutContent() *CandidateNode {
+	return n.doCopy(false)
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) doCopy(cloneContent bool) *CandidateNode {
+	var content []*CandidateNode
+
+	var copyKey *CandidateNode
+	if n.Key != nil {
+		copyKey = n.Key.Copy()
+	}
+
+	clone := &CandidateNode{
+		Kind:  n.Kind,
+		Style: n.Style,
+
+		Tag:    n.Tag,
+		Value:  n.Value,
+		Anchor: n.Anchor,
+
+		// ok not to clone this,
+		// as its a reference to somewhere else.
+		Alias:   n.Alias,
+		Content: content,
+
+		HeadComment: n.HeadComment,
+		LineComment: n.LineComment,
+		FootComment: n.FootComment,
+
+		Parent: n.Parent,
+		Key:    copyKey,
+
+		LeadingContent: n.LeadingContent,
+
+		document:  n.document,
+		filename:  n.filename,
+		fileIndex: n.fileIndex,
+
+		Line:   n.Line,
+		Column: n.Column,
+
+		EvaluateTogether: n.EvaluateTogether,
+		IsMapKey:         n.IsMapKey,
+	}
+
+	if cloneContent {
+		clone.AddChildren(n.Content)
+	}
+
+	return clone
+}
+
+// updates this candidate from the given candidate node
+func (n *CandidateNode) UpdateFrom(other *CandidateNode, prefs assignPreferences) {
+	if n == other {
+		log.Debugf("UpdateFrom, no need to update from myself.")
+		return
+	}
+	// if this is an empty map or empty array, use the style of other node.
+	if (n.Kind != ScalarNode && len(n.Content) == 0) ||
+		// if the tag has changed (e.g. from str to bool)
+		(n.guessTagFromCustomType() != other.guessTagFromCustomType()) {
+		n.Style = other.Style
+	}
+
+	n.Content = make([]*CandidateNode, 0)
+	n.Kind = other.Kind
+	n.AddChildren(other.Content)
+
+	n.Value = other.Value
+
+	n.UpdateAttributesFrom(other, prefs)
+
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) UpdateAttributesFrom(other *CandidateNode, prefs assignPreferences) {
+	log.Debug("UpdateAttributesFrom: n: %v other: %v", NodeToString(n), NodeToString(other))
+	if n.Kind != other.Kind {
+		// clear out the contents when switching to a different type
+		// e.g. map to array
+		n.Content = make([]*CandidateNode, 0)
+		n.Value = ""
+	}
+	n.Kind = other.Kind
+
+	// don't clobber custom tags...
+	if prefs.ClobberCustomTags || strings.HasPrefix(n.Tag, "!!") || n.Tag == "" {
+		n.Tag = other.Tag
+	}
+
+	n.Alias = other.Alias
+
+	if !prefs.DontOverWriteAnchor {
+		n.Anchor = other.Anchor
+	}
+
+	// merge will pickup the style of the new thing
+	// when autocreating nodes
+
+	if n.Style == 0 {
+		n.Style = other.Style
+	}
+
+	if other.FootComment != "" {
+		n.FootComment = other.FootComment
+	}
+	if other.HeadComment != "" {
+		n.HeadComment = other.HeadComment
+	}
+	if other.LineComment != "" {
+		n.LineComment = other.LineComment
+	}
+}
+
+func (n *CandidateNode) ConvertToNodeInfo() *NodeInfo {
+	info := &NodeInfo{
+		Kind:        kindToString(n.Kind),
+		Style:       styleToString(n.Style),
+		Anchor:      n.Anchor,
+		Tag:         n.Tag,
+		HeadComment: n.HeadComment,
+		LineComment: n.LineComment,
+		FootComment: n.FootComment,
+		Value:       n.Value,
+		Line:        n.Line,
+		Column:      n.Column,
+	}
+	if len(n.Content) > 0 {
+		info.Content = make([]*NodeInfo, len(n.Content))
+		for i, child := range n.Content {
+			info.Content[i] = child.ConvertToNodeInfo()
+		}
+	}
+	return info
+}
+
+// Helper functions to convert Kind and Style to string for NodeInfo
+func kindToString(k Kind) string {
+	switch k {
+	case SequenceNode:
+		return "SequenceNode"
+	case MappingNode:
+		return "MappingNode"
+	case ScalarNode:
+		return "ScalarNode"
+	case AliasNode:
+		return "AliasNode"
+	default:
+		return "Unknown"
+	}
+}
+
+func styleToString(s Style) string {
+	var styles []string
+	if s&TaggedStyle != 0 {
+		styles = append(styles, "TaggedStyle")
+	}
+	if s&DoubleQuotedStyle != 0 {
+		styles = append(styles, "DoubleQuotedStyle")
+	}
+	if s&SingleQuotedStyle != 0 {
+		styles = append(styles, "SingleQuotedStyle")
+	}
+	if s&LiteralStyle != 0 {
+		styles = append(styles, "LiteralStyle")
+	}
+	if s&FoldedStyle != 0 {
+		styles = append(styles, "FoldedStyle")
+	}
+	if s&FlowStyle != 0 {
+		styles = append(styles, "FlowStyle")
+	}
+	return strings.Join(styles, ",")
+}

pkg/yqlib/candidate_node_goccy_yaml.go

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+package yqlib
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	yaml "github.com/goccy/go-yaml"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-yaml/ast"
+	goccyToken "github.com/goccy/go-yaml/token"
+)
+
+func (o *CandidateNode) goccyDecodeIntoChild(childNode ast.Node, cm yaml.CommentMap, anchorMap map[string]*CandidateNode) (*CandidateNode, error) {
+	newChild := o.CreateChild()
+
+	err := newChild.UnmarshalGoccyYAML(childNode, cm, anchorMap)
+	return newChild, err
+}
+
+func (o *CandidateNode) UnmarshalGoccyYAML(node ast.Node, cm yaml.CommentMap, anchorMap map[string]*CandidateNode) error {
+	log.Debugf("UnmarshalYAML %v", node)
+	log.Debugf("UnmarshalYAML %v", node.Type().String())
+	log.Debugf("UnmarshalYAML Node Value: %v", node.String())
+	log.Debugf("UnmarshalYAML Node GetComment: %v", node.GetComment())
+
+	if node.GetComment() != nil {
+		commentMapComments := cm[node.GetPath()]
+		for _, comment := range node.GetComment().Comments {
+			// need to use the comment map to find the position :/
+			log.Debugf("%v has a comment of [%v]", node.GetPath(), comment.Token.Value)
+			for _, commentMapComment := range commentMapComments {
+				commentMapValue := strings.Join(commentMapComment.Texts, "\n")
+				if commentMapValue == comment.Token.Value {
+					log.Debug("found a matching entry in comment map")
+					// we found the comment in the comment map,
+					// now we can process the position
+					switch commentMapComment.Position {
+					case yaml.CommentHeadPosition:
+						o.HeadComment = comment.String()
+						log.Debug("its a head comment %v", comment.String())
+					case yaml.CommentLinePosition:
+						o.LineComment = comment.String()
+						log.Debug("its a line comment %v", comment.String())
+					case yaml.CommentFootPosition:
+						o.FootComment = comment.String()
+						log.Debug("its a foot comment %v", comment.String())
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+		}
+	}
+
+	o.Value = node.String()
+	o.Line = node.GetToken().Position.Line
+	o.Column = node.GetToken().Position.Column
+
+	switch node.Type() {
+	case ast.IntegerType:
+		o.Kind = ScalarNode
+		o.Tag = "!!int"
+	case ast.FloatType:
+		o.Kind = ScalarNode
+		o.Tag = "!!float"
+	case ast.BoolType:
+		o.Kind = ScalarNode
+		o.Tag = "!!bool"
+	case ast.NullType:
+		log.Debugf("its a null type with value %v", node.GetToken().Value)
+		o.Kind = ScalarNode
+		o.Tag = "!!null"
+		o.Value = node.GetToken().Value
+		if node.GetToken().Type == goccyToken.ImplicitNullType {
+			o.Value = ""
+		}
+	case ast.StringType:
+		o.Kind = ScalarNode
+		o.Tag = "!!str"
+		switch node.GetToken().Type {
+		case goccyToken.SingleQuoteType:
+			o.Style = SingleQuotedStyle
+		case goccyToken.DoubleQuoteType:
+			o.Style = DoubleQuotedStyle
+		}
+		o.Value = node.(*ast.StringNode).Value
+		log.Debugf("string value %v", node.(*ast.StringNode).Value)
+	case ast.LiteralType:
+		o.Kind = ScalarNode
+		o.Tag = "!!str"
+		o.Style = LiteralStyle
+		astLiteral := node.(*ast.LiteralNode)
+		log.Debugf("astLiteral.Start.Type %v", astLiteral.Start.Type)
+		if astLiteral.Start.Type == goccyToken.FoldedType {
+			log.Debugf("folded Type %v", astLiteral.Start.Type)
+			o.Style = FoldedStyle
+		}
+		log.Debug("start value: %v ", node.(*ast.LiteralNode).Start.Value)
+		log.Debug("start value: %v ", node.(*ast.LiteralNode).Start.Type)
+		// TODO: here I could put the original value with line breaks
+		// to solve the multiline > problem
+		o.Value = astLiteral.Value.Value
+	case ast.TagType:
+		if err := o.UnmarshalGoccyYAML(node.(*ast.TagNode).Value, cm, anchorMap); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		o.Tag = node.(*ast.TagNode).Start.Value
+	case ast.MappingType:
+		log.Debugf("UnmarshalYAML -  a mapping node")
+		o.Kind = MappingNode
+		o.Tag = "!!map"
+
+		mappingNode := node.(*ast.MappingNode)
+		if mappingNode.IsFlowStyle {
+			o.Style = FlowStyle
+		}
+		for _, mappingValueNode := range mappingNode.Values {
+			err := o.goccyProcessMappingValueNode(mappingValueNode, cm, anchorMap)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		if mappingNode.FootComment != nil {
+			log.Debugf("mapping node has a foot comment of: %v", mappingNode.FootComment)
+			o.FootComment = mappingNode.FootComment.String()
+		}
+	case ast.MappingValueType:
+		log.Debugf("UnmarshalYAML -  a mapping node")
+		o.Kind = MappingNode
+		o.Tag = "!!map"
+		mappingValueNode := node.(*ast.MappingValueNode)
+		err := o.goccyProcessMappingValueNode(mappingValueNode, cm, anchorMap)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	case ast.SequenceType:
+		log.Debugf("UnmarshalYAML -  a sequence node")
+		o.Kind = SequenceNode
+		o.Tag = "!!seq"
+		sequenceNode := node.(*ast.SequenceNode)
+		if sequenceNode.IsFlowStyle {
+			o.Style = FlowStyle
+		}
+		astSeq := sequenceNode.Values
+		o.Content = make([]*CandidateNode, len(astSeq))
+		for i := 0; i < len(astSeq); i++ {
+			keyNode := o.CreateChild()
+			keyNode.IsMapKey = true
+			keyNode.Tag = "!!int"
+			keyNode.Kind = ScalarNode
+			keyNode.Value = fmt.Sprintf("%v", i)
+
+			valueNode, err := o.goccyDecodeIntoChild(astSeq[i], cm, anchorMap)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			valueNode.Key = keyNode
+			o.Content[i] = valueNode
+		}
+	case ast.AnchorType:
+		log.Debugf("UnmarshalYAML -  an anchor node")
+		anchorNode := node.(*ast.AnchorNode)
+		err := o.UnmarshalGoccyYAML(anchorNode.Value, cm, anchorMap)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		o.Anchor = anchorNode.Name.String()
+		anchorMap[o.Anchor] = o
+
+	case ast.AliasType:
+		log.Debugf("UnmarshalYAML -  an alias node")
+		aliasNode := node.(*ast.AliasNode)
+		o.Kind = AliasNode
+		o.Value = aliasNode.Value.String()
+		o.Alias = anchorMap[o.Value]
+
+	case ast.MergeKeyType:
+		log.Debugf("UnmarshalYAML -  a merge key")
+		o.Kind = ScalarNode
+		o.Tag = "!!merge" // note - I should be able to get rid of this.
+		o.Value = "<<"
+
+	default:
+		log.Debugf("UnmarshalYAML -  no idea of the type!!\n%v: %v", node.Type(), node.String())
+	}
+	log.Debugf("KIND: %v", o.Kind)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (o *CandidateNode) goccyProcessMappingValueNode(mappingEntry *ast.MappingValueNode, cm yaml.CommentMap, anchorMap map[string]*CandidateNode) error {
+	log.Debug("UnmarshalYAML MAP KEY entry %v", mappingEntry.Key)
+
+	// AddKeyValueFirst because it clones the nodes, and we want to have the real refs when Unmarshalling
+	// particularly for the anchorMap
+	keyNode, valueNode := o.AddKeyValueChild(&CandidateNode{}, &CandidateNode{})
+
+	if err := keyNode.UnmarshalGoccyYAML(mappingEntry.Key, cm, anchorMap); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	log.Debug("UnmarshalYAML MAP VALUE entry %v", mappingEntry.Value)
+	if err := valueNode.UnmarshalGoccyYAML(mappingEntry.Value, cm, anchorMap); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if mappingEntry.FootComment != nil {
+		valueNode.FootComment = mappingEntry.FootComment.String()
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

pkg/yqlib/candidate_node_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+package yqlib
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/mikefarah/yq/v4/test"
+)
+
+type valueRepScenario struct {
+	input    string
+	tag      string
+	expected interface{}
+}
+
+var valueRepScenarios = []valueRepScenario{
+	{
+		input:    `"cat"`,
+		expected: `"cat"`,
+	},
+	{
+		input:    `3`,
+		expected: int64(3),
+	},
+	{
+		input:    `3.1`,
+		expected: float64(3.1),
+	},
+	{
+		input:    `true`,
+		expected: true,
+	},
+	{
+		input:    `y`,
+		tag:      "!!bool",
+		expected: true,
+	},
+	{
+		tag:      "!!null",
+		expected: nil,
+	},
+}
+
+func TestCandidateNodeGetValueRepScenarios(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range valueRepScenarios {
+		node := CandidateNode{Value: tt.input, Tag: tt.tag}
+		actual, err := node.GetValueRep()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+			return
+		}
+		test.AssertResult(t, tt.expected, actual)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCandidateNodeChildWhenParentUpdated(t *testing.T) {
+	parent := CandidateNode{}
+	child := parent.CreateChild()
+	parent.SetDocument(1)
+	parent.SetFileIndex(2)
+	parent.SetFilename("meow")
+	test.AssertResultWithContext(t, "meow", child.GetFilename(), "filename")
+	test.AssertResultWithContext(t, 2, child.GetFileIndex(), "file index")
+	test.AssertResultWithContext(t, uint(1), child.GetDocument(), "document index")
+}
+
+type createScalarNodeScenario struct {
+	value       interface{}
+	stringValue string
+	expectedTag string
+}
+
+var createScalarScenarios = []createScalarNodeScenario{
+	{
+		value:       "mike",
+		stringValue: "mike",
+		expectedTag: "!!str",
+	},
+	{
+		value:       3,
+		stringValue: "3",
+		expectedTag: "!!int",
+	},
+	{
+		value:       3.1,
+		stringValue: "3.1",
+		expectedTag: "!!float",
+	},
+	{
+		value:       true,
+		stringValue: "true",
+		expectedTag: "!!bool",
+	},
+	{
+		value:       nil,
+		stringValue: "~",
+		expectedTag: "!!null",
+	},
+}
+
+func TestCreateScalarNodeScenarios(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range createScalarScenarios {
+		actual := createScalarNode(tt.value, tt.stringValue)
+		test.AssertResultWithContext(t, tt.stringValue, actual.Value, fmt.Sprintf("Value for: Value: [%v], String: %v", tt.value, tt.stringValue))
+		test.AssertResultWithContext(t, tt.expectedTag, actual.Tag, fmt.Sprintf("Value for: Value: [%v], String: %v", tt.value, tt.stringValue))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetKeyForMapValue(t *testing.T) {
+	key := createStringScalarNode("yourKey")
+	n := CandidateNode{Key: key, Value: "meow", document: 3}
+	test.AssertResult(t, "3 - yourKey", n.GetKey())
+}
+
+func TestGetKeyForMapKey(t *testing.T) {
+	key := createStringScalarNode("yourKey")
+	key.IsMapKey = true
+	key.document = 3
+	test.AssertResult(t, "key-yourKey-3 - ", key.GetKey())
+}
+
+func TestGetKeyForValue(t *testing.T) {
+	n := CandidateNode{Value: "meow", document: 3}
+	test.AssertResult(t, "3 - ", n.GetKey())
+}
+
+func TestGetParsedKeyForMapKey(t *testing.T) {
+	key := createStringScalarNode("yourKey")
+	key.IsMapKey = true
+	key.document = 3
+	test.AssertResult(t, "yourKey", key.getParsedKey())
+}
+
+func TestGetParsedKeyForLooseValue(t *testing.T) {
+	n := CandidateNode{Value: "meow", document: 3}
+	test.AssertResult(t, nil, n.getParsedKey())
+}
+
+func TestGetParsedKeyForMapValue(t *testing.T) {
+	key := createStringScalarNode("yourKey")
+	n := CandidateNode{Key: key, Value: "meow", document: 3}
+	test.AssertResult(t, "yourKey", n.getParsedKey())
+}
+
+func TestGetParsedKeyForArrayValue(t *testing.T) {
+	key := createScalarNode(4, "4")
+	n := CandidateNode{Key: key, Value: "meow", document: 3}
+	test.AssertResult(t, 4, n.getParsedKey())
+}
+
+func TestCandidateNodeAddKeyValueChild(t *testing.T) {
+	key := CandidateNode{Value: "cool", IsMapKey: true}
+	node := CandidateNode{}
+
+	// if we use a key in a new node as a value, it should no longer be marked as a key
+
+	_, keyIsValueNow := node.AddKeyValueChild(&CandidateNode{Value: "newKey"}, &key)
+
+	test.AssertResult(t, keyIsValueNow.IsMapKey, false)
+	test.AssertResult(t, key.IsMapKey, true)
+
+}
+
+func TestConvertToNodeInfo(t *testing.T) {
+	child := &CandidateNode{
+		Kind:   ScalarNode,
+		Style:  DoubleQuotedStyle,
+		Tag:    "!!str",
+		Value:  "childValue",
+		Line:   2,
+		Column: 3,
+	}
+	parent := &CandidateNode{
+		Kind:        MappingNode,
+		Style:       TaggedStyle,
+		Tag:         "!!map",
+		Value:       "",
+		Line:        1,
+		Column:      1,
+		Content:     []*CandidateNode{child},
+		HeadComment: "head",
+		LineComment: "line",
+		FootComment: "foot",
+		Anchor:      "anchor",
+	}
+	info := parent.ConvertToNodeInfo()
+	test.AssertResult(t, "MappingNode", info.Kind)
+	test.AssertResult(t, "TaggedStyle", info.Style)
+	test.AssertResult(t, "!!map", info.Tag)
+	test.AssertResult(t, "head", info.HeadComment)
+	test.AssertResult(t, "line", info.LineComment)
+	test.AssertResult(t, "foot", info.FootComment)
+	test.AssertResult(t, "anchor", info.Anchor)
+	test.AssertResult(t, 1, info.Line)
+	test.AssertResult(t, 1, info.Column)
+	if len(info.Content) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 1 child, got %d", len(info.Content))
+	}
+	childInfo := info.Content[0]
+	test.AssertResult(t, "ScalarNode", childInfo.Kind)
+	test.AssertResult(t, "DoubleQuotedStyle", childInfo.Style)
+	test.AssertResult(t, "!!str", childInfo.Tag)
+	test.AssertResult(t, "childValue", childInfo.Value)
+	test.AssertResult(t, 2, childInfo.Line)
+	test.AssertResult(t, 3, childInfo.Column)
+}

pkg/yqlib/candidate_node_yaml.go

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+package yqlib
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	yaml "go.yaml.in/yaml/v3"
+)
+
+func MapYamlStyle(original yaml.Style) Style {
+	switch original {
+	case yaml.TaggedStyle:
+		return TaggedStyle
+	case yaml.DoubleQuotedStyle:
+		return DoubleQuotedStyle
+	case yaml.SingleQuotedStyle:
+		return SingleQuotedStyle
+	case yaml.LiteralStyle:
+		return LiteralStyle
+	case yaml.FoldedStyle:
+		return FoldedStyle
+	case yaml.FlowStyle:
+		return FlowStyle
+	case 0:
+		return 0
+	}
+	return Style(original)
+}
+
+func MapToYamlStyle(original Style) yaml.Style {
+	switch original {
+	case TaggedStyle:
+		return yaml.TaggedStyle
+	case DoubleQuotedStyle:
+		return yaml.DoubleQuotedStyle
+	case SingleQuotedStyle:
+		return yaml.SingleQuotedStyle
+	case LiteralStyle:
+		return yaml.LiteralStyle
+	case FoldedStyle:
+		return yaml.FoldedStyle
+	case FlowStyle:
+		return yaml.FlowStyle
+	case 0:
+		return 0
+	}
+	return yaml.Style(original)
+}
+
+func (o *CandidateNode) copyFromYamlNode(node *yaml.Node, anchorMap map[string]*CandidateNode) {
+	o.Style = MapYamlStyle(node.Style)
+
+	o.Tag = node.Tag
+	o.Value = node.Value
+	o.Anchor = node.Anchor
+
+	if o.Anchor != "" {
+		anchorMap[o.Anchor] = o
+		log.Debug("set anchor %v to %v", o.Anchor, NodeToString(o))
+	}
+
+	// its a single alias
+	if node.Alias != nil && node.Alias.Anchor != "" {
+		o.Alias = anchorMap[node.Alias.Anchor]
+		log.Debug("set alias to %v", NodeToString(anchorMap[node.Alias.Anchor]))
+	}
+	o.HeadComment = node.HeadComment
+	o.LineComment = node.LineComment
+	o.FootComment = node.FootComment
+
+	o.Line = node.Line
+	o.Column = node.Column
+}
+
+func (o *CandidateNode) copyToYamlNode(node *yaml.Node) {
+	node.Style = MapToYamlStyle(o.Style)
+
+	node.Tag = o.Tag
+	node.Value = o.Value
+	node.Anchor = o.Anchor
+
+	node.HeadComment = o.HeadComment
+
+	node.LineComment = o.LineComment
+	node.FootComment = o.FootComment
+
+	node.Line = o.Line
+	node.Column = o.Column
+}
+
+func (o *CandidateNode) decodeIntoChild(childNode *yaml.Node, anchorMap map[string]*CandidateNode) (*CandidateNode, error) {
+	newChild := o.CreateChild()
+
+	// null yaml.Nodes to not end up calling UnmarshalYAML
+	// so we call it explicitly
+	if childNode.Tag == "!!null" {
+		newChild.Kind = ScalarNode
+		newChild.copyFromYamlNode(childNode, anchorMap)
+		return newChild, nil
+	}
+
+	err := newChild.UnmarshalYAML(childNode, anchorMap)
+	return newChild, err
+}
+
+func (o *CandidateNode) UnmarshalYAML(node *yaml.Node, anchorMap map[string]*CandidateNode) error {
+	log.Debugf("UnmarshalYAML %v", node.Tag)
+	switch node.Kind {
+	case yaml.AliasNode:
+		log.Debug("UnmarshalYAML - alias from yaml: %v", o.Tag)
+		o.Kind = AliasNode
+		o.copyFromYamlNode(node, anchorMap)
+		return nil
+	case yaml.ScalarNode:
+		log.Debugf("UnmarshalYAML -  a scalar")
+		o.Kind = ScalarNode
+		o.copyFromYamlNode(node, anchorMap)
+		return nil
+	case yaml.MappingNode:
+		log.Debugf("UnmarshalYAML -  a mapping node")
+		o.Kind = MappingNode
+		o.copyFromYamlNode(node, anchorMap)
+		o.Content = make([]*CandidateNode, len(node.Content))
+		for i := 0; i < len(node.Content); i += 2 {
+
+			keyNode, err := o.decodeIntoChild(node.Content[i], anchorMap)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			keyNode.IsMapKey = true
+
+			valueNode, err := o.decodeIntoChild(node.Content[i+1], anchorMap)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			valueNode.Key = keyNode
+
+			o.Content[i] = keyNode
+			o.Content[i+1] = valueNode
+		}
+		log.Debugf("UnmarshalYAML -  finished mapping node")
+		return nil
+	case yaml.SequenceNode:
+		log.Debugf("UnmarshalYAML -  a sequence: %v", len(node.Content))
+		o.Kind = SequenceNode
+
+		o.copyFromYamlNode(node, anchorMap)
+		log.Debugf("node Style: %v", node.Style)
+		log.Debugf("o Style: %v", o.Style)
+		o.Content = make([]*CandidateNode, len(node.Content))
+		for i := 0; i < len(node.Content); i++ {
+			keyNode := o.CreateChild()
+			keyNode.IsMapKey = true
+			keyNode.Tag = "!!int"
+			keyNode.Kind = ScalarNode
+			keyNode.Value = fmt.Sprintf("%v", i)
+
+			valueNode, err := o.decodeIntoChild(node.Content[i], anchorMap)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			valueNode.Key = keyNode
+			o.Content[i] = valueNode
+		}
+		return nil
+	case 0:
+		// not sure when this happens
+		o.copyFromYamlNode(node, anchorMap)
+		log.Debugf("UnmarshalYAML -  err.. %v", NodeToString(o))
+		return nil
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("orderedMap: invalid yaml node")
+	}
+}
+
+func (o *CandidateNode) MarshalYAML() (*yaml.Node, error) {
+	log.Debug("MarshalYAML to yaml: %v", o.Tag)
+	switch o.Kind {
+	case AliasNode:
+		log.Debug("MarshalYAML - alias to yaml: %v", o.Tag)
+		target := &yaml.Node{Kind: yaml.AliasNode}
+		o.copyToYamlNode(target)
+		return target, nil
+	case ScalarNode:
+		log.Debug("MarshalYAML - scalar: %v", o.Value)
+		target := &yaml.Node{Kind: yaml.ScalarNode}
+		o.copyToYamlNode(target)
+		return target, nil
+	case MappingNode, SequenceNode:
+		targetKind := yaml.MappingNode
+		if o.Kind == SequenceNode {
+			targetKind = yaml.SequenceNode
+		}
+		target := &yaml.Node{Kind: targetKind}
+		o.copyToYamlNode(target)
+		log.Debugf("original style: %v", o.Style)
+		log.Debugf("original: %v, tag: %v, style: %v, kind: %v", NodeToString(o), target.Tag, target.Style, target.Kind == yaml.SequenceNode)
+		target.Content = make([]*yaml.Node, len(o.Content))
+		for i := 0; i < len(o.Content); i++ {
+
+			child, err := o.Content[i].MarshalYAML()
+
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			target.Content[i] = child
+		}
+		return target, nil
+	}
+	target := &yaml.Node{}
+	o.copyToYamlNode(target)
+	return target, nil
+}

pkg/yqlib/candidiate_node_json.go

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+//go:build !yq_nojson
+
+package yqlib
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+)
+
+func (o *CandidateNode) setScalarFromJson(value interface{}) error {
+	o.Kind = ScalarNode
+	switch rawData := value.(type) {
+	case nil:
+		o.Tag = "!!null"
+		o.Value = "null"
+	case float64, float32:
+		o.Value = fmt.Sprintf("%v", value)
+		o.Tag = "!!float"
+		// json decoder returns ints as float.
+		if value == float64(int64(rawData.(float64))) {
+			// aha it's an int disguised as a float
+			o.Tag = "!!int"
+			o.Value = fmt.Sprintf("%v", int64(value.(float64)))
+		}
+	case int, int64, int32:
+		o.Value = fmt.Sprintf("%v", value)
+		o.Tag = "!!int"
+	case bool:
+		o.Value = fmt.Sprintf("%v", value)
+		o.Tag = "!!bool"
+	case string:
+		o.Value = rawData
+		o.Tag = "!!str"
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unrecognised type :( %v", rawData)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (o *CandidateNode) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	log.Debug("UnmarshalJSON")
+	switch data[0] {
+	case '{':
+		log.Debug("UnmarshalJSON -  its a map!")
+		// its a map
+		o.Kind = MappingNode
+		o.Tag = "!!map"
+
+		dec := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(data))
+		_, err := dec.Token() // open object
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// cycle through k/v
+		var tok json.Token
+		for tok, err = dec.Token(); err == nil; tok, err = dec.Token() {
+			// we can expect two types: string or Delim. Delim automatically means
+			// that it is the closing bracket of the object, whereas string means
+			// that there is another key.
+			if _, ok := tok.(json.Delim); ok {
+				break
+			}
+
+			childKey := o.CreateChild()
+			childKey.IsMapKey = true
+			childKey.Value = tok.(string)
+			childKey.Kind = ScalarNode
+			childKey.Tag = "!!str"
+
+			childValue := o.CreateChild()
+			childValue.Key = childKey
+
+			if err := dec.Decode(childValue); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			o.Content = append(o.Content, childKey, childValue)
+		}
+		// unexpected error
+		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+			return err
+		}
+		return nil
+	case '[':
+		o.Kind = SequenceNode
+		o.Tag = "!!seq"
+		log.Debug("UnmarshalJSON -  its an array!")
+		var children []*CandidateNode
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &children); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		// now we put the children into the content, and set a key value for them
+		for i, child := range children {
+
+			if child == nil {
+				// need to represent it as a null scalar
+				child = createScalarNode(nil, "null")
+			}
+			childKey := o.CreateChild()
+			childKey.Kind = ScalarNode
+			childKey.Tag = "!!int"
+			childKey.Value = fmt.Sprintf("%v", i)
+			childKey.IsMapKey = true
+
+			child.Parent = o
+			child.Key = childKey
+			o.Content = append(o.Content, child)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	log.Debug("UnmarshalJSON -  its a scalar!")
+	// otherwise, must be a scalar
+	var scalar interface{}
+	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &scalar)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	log.Debug("UnmarshalJSON -  scalar is %v", scalar)
+
+	return o.setScalarFromJson(scalar)
+
+}
+
+func (o *CandidateNode) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	log.Debugf("MarshalJSON %v", NodeToString(o))
+	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	enc := json.NewEncoder(buf)
+	enc.SetIndent("", " ")
+	enc.SetEscapeHTML(false) // do not escape html chars e.g. &, <, >
+
+	switch o.Kind {
+	case AliasNode:
+		log.Debugf("MarshalJSON AliasNode")
+		err := enc.Encode(o.Alias)
+		return buf.Bytes(), err
+	case ScalarNode:
+		log.Debugf("MarshalJSON ScalarNode")
+		value, err := o.GetValueRep()
+		if err != nil {
+			return buf.Bytes(), err
+		}
+		err = enc.Encode(value)
+		return buf.Bytes(), err
+	case MappingNode:
+		log.Debugf("MarshalJSON MappingNode")
+		buf.WriteByte('{')
+		for i := 0; i < len(o.Content); i += 2 {
+			if err := enc.Encode(o.Content[i].Value); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			buf.WriteByte(':')
+			if err := enc.Encode(o.Content[i+1]); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			if i != len(o.Content)-2 {
+				buf.WriteByte(',')
+			}
+		}
+		buf.WriteByte('}')
+		return buf.Bytes(), nil
+	case SequenceNode:
+		log.Debugf("MarshalJSON SequenceNode, %v, len: %v", o.Content, len(o.Content))
+		var err error
+		if len(o.Content) == 0 {
+			buf.WriteString("[]")
+		} else {
+			err = enc.Encode(o.Content)
+		}
+		return buf.Bytes(), err
+	default:
+		err := enc.Encode(nil)
+		return buf.Bytes(), err
+	}
+}

pkg/yqlib/chown_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package yqlib
+
+import (
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+func changeOwner(info fs.FileInfo, file *os.File) error {
+	if stat, ok := info.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t); ok {
+		uid := int(stat.Uid)
+		gid := int(stat.Gid)
+
+		err := os.Chown(file.Name(), uid, gid)
+		if err != nil {
+			// this happens with snap confinement
+			// not really a big issue as users can chown
+			// the file themselves if required.
+			log.Info("Skipping chown: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

pkg/yqlib/chown_not_linux_os.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+package yqlib
+
+import (
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+)
+
+func changeOwner(_ fs.FileInfo, _ *os.File) error {
+	return nil
+}

pkg/yqlib/color_print.go

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ func format(attr color.Attribute) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s[%dm", escape, attr)
 }
 
-func ColorizeAndPrint(bytes []byte, writer io.Writer) error {
-	tokens := lexer.Tokenize(string(bytes))
+func colorizeAndPrint(yamlBytes []byte, writer io.Writer) error {
+	tokens := lexer.Tokenize(string(yamlBytes))
 	var p printer.Printer
 	p.Bool = func() *printer.Property {
 		return &printer.Property{
@@ -56,6 +56,12 @@ func ColorizeAndPrint(bytes []byte, writer io.Writer) error {
 			Suffix: format(color.Reset),
 		}
 	}
+	p.Comment = func() *printer.Property {
+		return &printer.Property{
+			Prefix: format(color.FgHiBlack),
+			Suffix: format(color.Reset),
+		}
+	}
 	_, err := writer.Write([]byte(p.PrintTokens(tokens) + "\n"))
 	return err
 }

pkg/yqlib/context.go

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+package yqlib
+
+import (
+	"container/list"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	logging "gopkg.in/op/go-logging.v1"
+)
+
+type Context struct {
+	MatchingNodes  *list.List
+	Variables      map[string]*list.List
+	DontAutoCreate bool
+	datetimeLayout string
+}
+
+func (n *Context) SingleReadonlyChildContext(candidate *CandidateNode) Context {
+	list := list.New()
+	list.PushBack(candidate)
+	newContext := n.ChildContext(list)
+	newContext.DontAutoCreate = true
+	return newContext
+}
+
+func (n *Context) SingleChildContext(candidate *CandidateNode) Context {
+	list := list.New()
+	list.PushBack(candidate)
+	return n.ChildContext(list)
+}
+
+func (n *Context) SetDateTimeLayout(newDateTimeLayout string) {
+	n.datetimeLayout = newDateTimeLayout
+}
+
+func (n *Context) GetDateTimeLayout() string {
+	if n.datetimeLayout != "" {
+		return n.datetimeLayout
+	}
+	return time.RFC3339
+}
+
+func (n *Context) GetVariable(name string) *list.List {
+	if n.Variables == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return n.Variables[name]
+}
+
+func (n *Context) SetVariable(name string, value *list.List) {
+	if n.Variables == nil {
+		n.Variables = make(map[string]*list.List)
+	}
+	n.Variables[name] = value
+}
+
+func (n *Context) ChildContext(results *list.List) Context {
+	clone := Context{DontAutoCreate: n.DontAutoCreate, datetimeLayout: n.datetimeLayout}
+	clone.Variables = make(map[string]*list.List)
+	for variableKey, originalValueList := range n.Variables {
+
+		variableCopyList := list.New()
+		for el := originalValueList.Front(); el != nil; el = el.Next() {
+			// note that we dont make a copy of the candidate node
+			// this is so the 'ref' operator can work correctly.
+			clonedNode := el.Value.(*CandidateNode)
+			variableCopyList.PushBack(clonedNode)
+		}
+
+		clone.Variables[variableKey] = variableCopyList
+	}
+
+	clone.MatchingNodes = results
+	return clone
+}
+
+func (n *Context) ToString() string {
+	if !log.IsEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	result := fmt.Sprintf("Context\nDontAutoCreate: %v\n", n.DontAutoCreate)
+	return result + NodesToString(n.MatchingNodes)
+}
+
+func (n *Context) DeepClone() Context {
+
+	clonedContent := list.New()
+	for el := n.MatchingNodes.Front(); el != nil; el = el.Next() {
+		clonedNode := el.Value.(*CandidateNode).Copy()
+		clonedContent.PushBack(clonedNode)
+	}
+
+	return n.ChildContext(clonedContent)
+}
+
+func (n *Context) Clone() Context {
+	return n.ChildContext(n.MatchingNodes)
+}
+
+func (n *Context) ReadOnlyClone() Context {
+	clone := n.Clone()
+	clone.DontAutoCreate = true
+	return clone
+}
+
+func (n *Context) WritableClone() Context {
+	clone := n.Clone()
+	clone.DontAutoCreate = false
+	return clone
+}

pkg/yqlib/context_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+package yqlib
+
+import (
+	"container/list"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/mikefarah/yq/v4/test"
+	logging "gopkg.in/op/go-logging.v1"
+)
+
+func TestChildContext(t *testing.T) {
+
+	expectedOriginal := make(map[string]*list.List)
+	expectedOriginal["dog"] = list.New()
+	expectedOriginal["dog"].PushBack(&CandidateNode{Value: "woof"})
+
+	originalVariables := make(map[string]*list.List)
+	originalVariables["dog"] = list.New()
+	originalVariables["dog"].PushBack(&CandidateNode{Value: "woof"})
+
+	original := Context{
+		DontAutoCreate: true,
+		datetimeLayout: "cat",
+		Variables:      originalVariables,
+	}
+
+	newResults := list.New()
+	newResults.PushBack(&CandidateNode{Value: "bar"})
+
+	clone := original.ChildContext(newResults)
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, originalVariables, clone.Variables)
+
+	clone.Variables["dog"].PushBack("bark")
+	// ensure this is a separate copy
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, 1, originalVariables["dog"].Len())
+
+}
+
+func TestChildContextNoVariables(t *testing.T) {
+
+	original := Context{
+		DontAutoCreate: true,
+		datetimeLayout: "cat",
+	}
+
+	newResults := list.New()
+	newResults.PushBack(&CandidateNode{Value: "bar"})
+
+	clone := original.ChildContext(newResults)
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, make(map[string]*list.List), clone.Variables)
+
+}
+
+func TestSingleReadonlyChildContext(t *testing.T) {
+	original := Context{
+		DontAutoCreate: false,
+		datetimeLayout: "2006-01-02",
+	}
+
+	candidate := &CandidateNode{Value: "test"}
+	clone := original.SingleReadonlyChildContext(candidate)
+
+	// Should have DontAutoCreate set to true
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, true, clone.DontAutoCreate)
+
+	// Should have the candidate node in MatchingNodes
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, 1, clone.MatchingNodes.Len())
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, candidate, clone.MatchingNodes.Front().Value)
+}
+
+func TestSingleChildContext(t *testing.T) {
+	original := Context{
+		DontAutoCreate: true,
+		datetimeLayout: "2006-01-02",
+	}
+
+	candidate := &CandidateNode{Value: "test"}
+	clone := original.SingleChildContext(candidate)
+
+	// Should preserve DontAutoCreate
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, true, clone.DontAutoCreate)
+
+	// Should have the candidate node in MatchingNodes
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, 1, clone.MatchingNodes.Len())
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, candidate, clone.MatchingNodes.Front().Value)
+}
+
+func TestSetDateTimeLayout(t *testing.T) {
+	context := Context{}
+
+	// Test setting datetime layout
+	context.SetDateTimeLayout("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00")
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, "2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00", context.datetimeLayout)
+}
+
+func TestGetDateTimeLayout(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with custom layout
+	context := Context{datetimeLayout: "2006-01-02"}
+	result := context.GetDateTimeLayout()
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, "2006-01-02", result)
+
+	// Test with empty layout (should return default)
+	context = Context{}
+	result = context.GetDateTimeLayout()
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, "2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00", result)
+}
+
+func TestGetVariable(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with nil Variables
+	context := Context{}
+	result := context.GetVariable("nonexistent")
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, (*list.List)(nil), result)
+
+	// Test with existing variable
+	variables := make(map[string]*list.List)
+	variables["test"] = list.New()
+	variables["test"].PushBack(&CandidateNode{Value: "value"})
+
+	context = Context{Variables: variables}
+	result = context.GetVariable("test")
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, variables["test"], result)
+
+	// Test with non-existent variable
+	result = context.GetVariable("nonexistent")
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, (*list.List)(nil), result)
+}
+
+func TestSetVariable(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test setting variable when Variables is nil
+	context := Context{}
+	value := list.New()
+	value.PushBack(&CandidateNode{Value: "test"})
+
+	context.SetVariable("key", value)
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, value, context.Variables["key"])
+
+	// Test setting variable when Variables already exists
+	context.SetVariable("key2", value)
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, value, context.Variables["key2"])
+}
+
+func TestToString(t *testing.T) {
+	context := Context{
+		DontAutoCreate: true,
+		MatchingNodes:  list.New(),
+	}
+
+	// Add a node to test the full string representation
+	node := &CandidateNode{Value: "test"}
+	context.MatchingNodes.PushBack(node)
+
+	// Test with debug logging disabled (default)
+	result := context.ToString()
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, "", result)
+
+	// Test with debug logging enabled
+	logging.SetLevel(logging.DEBUG, "")
+	defer logging.SetLevel(logging.INFO, "") // Reset to default
+
+	result2 := context.ToString()
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, true, len(result2) > 0)
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, true, strings.Contains(result2, "Context"))
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, true, strings.Contains(result2, "DontAutoCreate: true"))
+}
+
+func TestDeepClone(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create original context with variables and matching nodes
+	originalVariables := make(map[string]*list.List)
+	originalVariables["test"] = list.New()
+	originalVariables["test"].PushBack(&CandidateNode{Value: "original"})
+
+	original := Context{
+		DontAutoCreate: true,
+		datetimeLayout: "2006-01-02",
+		Variables:      originalVariables,
+		MatchingNodes:  list.New(),
+	}
+
+	// Add a node to MatchingNodes
+	node := &CandidateNode{Value: "test"}
+	original.MatchingNodes.PushBack(node)
+
+	clone := original.DeepClone()
+
+	// Should preserve DontAutoCreate and datetimeLayout
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, original.DontAutoCreate, clone.DontAutoCreate)
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, original.datetimeLayout, clone.datetimeLayout)
+
+	// Should have copied variables
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, 1, len(clone.Variables))
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, "original", clone.Variables["test"].Front().Value.(*CandidateNode).Value)
+
+	// Should have deep copied MatchingNodes
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, 1, clone.MatchingNodes.Len())
+
+	// Verify it's a deep copy by modifying the original
+	original.MatchingNodes.Front().Value.(*CandidateNode).Value = "modified"
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, "test", clone.MatchingNodes.Front().Value.(*CandidateNode).Value)
+}
+
+func TestClone(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create original context
+	original := Context{
+		DontAutoCreate: true,
+		datetimeLayout: "2006-01-02",
+		MatchingNodes:  list.New(),
+	}
+
+	node := &CandidateNode{Value: "test"}
+	original.MatchingNodes.PushBack(node)
+
+	clone := original.Clone()
+
+	// Should preserve DontAutoCreate and datetimeLayout
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, original.DontAutoCreate, clone.DontAutoCreate)
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, original.datetimeLayout, clone.datetimeLayout)
+
+	// Should have the same MatchingNodes reference
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, original.MatchingNodes, clone.MatchingNodes)
+}
+
+func TestReadOnlyClone(t *testing.T) {
+	original := Context{
+		DontAutoCreate: false,
+		datetimeLayout: "2006-01-02",
+		MatchingNodes:  list.New(),
+	}
+
+	node := &CandidateNode{Value: "test"}
+	original.MatchingNodes.PushBack(node)
+
+	clone := original.ReadOnlyClone()
+
+	// Should set DontAutoCreate to true
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, true, clone.DontAutoCreate)
+
+	// Should preserve other fields
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, original.datetimeLayout, clone.datetimeLayout)
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, original.MatchingNodes, clone.MatchingNodes)
+}
+
+func TestWritableClone(t *testing.T) {
+	original := Context{
+		DontAutoCreate: true,
+		datetimeLayout: "2006-01-02",
+		MatchingNodes:  list.New(),
+	}
+
+	node := &CandidateNode{Value: "test"}
+	original.MatchingNodes.PushBack(node)
+
+	clone := original.WritableClone()
+
+	// Should set DontAutoCreate to false
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, false, clone.DontAutoCreate)
+
+	// Should preserve other fields
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, original.datetimeLayout, clone.datetimeLayout)
+	test.AssertResultComplex(t, original.MatchingNodes, clone.MatchingNodes)
+}